Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in the Cancer Patient Edited by John C. Deutsch and Matthew R. Banks Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in the Cancer Patient Companion website Thisbookisaccompaniedbyawebsite: www.wiley.com/go/deutsch/endoscopycancer Thewebsiteincludes: • 21videosshowingproceduresdescribedinthebook • Allvideosarereferencedinthetextwhereyouseethislogo Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in the Cancer Patient EDITED BY John C. Deutsch MD EssentiaHealthSystems Duluth,MN,USA Matthew R. Banks FRCP, PhD UniversityCollegeLondonHospitalsNHSTrust London,UK A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication Thiseditionfirstpublished2013(cid:2)C 2013byJohnWiley&Sons,Limited. Wiley-BlackwellisanimprintofJohnWiley&Sons,formedbythemergerofWiley’sglobal Scientific,TechnicalandMedicalbusinesswithBlackwellPublishing. 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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Gastrointestinalendoscopyinthecancerpatient/editedbyJohnC.Deutsch,MatthewR.Banks. p. ; cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. ISBN978-0-470-67246-4(hardback:alk.paper) I.Deutsch,JohnC. II.Banks,MatthewR. [DNLM:1.DigestiveSystemNeoplasms–diagnosis. 2.Endoscopy,DigestiveSystem. 3.Digestive SystemNeoplasms–therapy. 4.NeoplasmStaging. 5.PalliativeCare.WI149] 616.99(cid:3)4307545–dc23 2012037015 AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. Wileyalsopublishesitsbooksinavarietyofelectronicformats.Somecontentthatappearsinprint maynotbeavailableinelectronicbooks. Coverimage:CourtesyofJohnC.Deutsch Setin9/12ptMeridienbyAptara(cid:2)R Inc.,NewDelhi,India 1 2013 Contents ListofContributors,vii Part 4 Small Bowel 10 StagingofPremalignantandEarlyMalignant Part 1 Introduction to Endoscopy DiseasesoftheSmallBowel,103 HirotoKita&HironoriYamamoto 1 IntroductiontoGastrointestinalEndoscopyinthe CancerPatient,3 11 EndoscopicManagementofPremalignant,Early,and MatthewR.Banks&JohnC.Deutsch AdvancedMalignanciesoftheSmallBowel,114 KlausMo¨nkemu¨ller,LuciaC.Fry,&HelmutNeumann Part 2 Esophagus 12 TheRoleofEndoscopyinSmallBowel Malignancies,122 2 StagingofPremalignantandMalignantConditionsof DavidShapiro,JoshuaMelson,&AbhitabhPatil theEsophagus,11 RehanJ.Haidry&MatthewR.Banks 3 EndoscopicManagementofPremalignantandEarly Part 5 Pancreatic MalignantDiseasesoftheEsophagus,29 J.M.Dunn,RehanJ.Haidry&MatthewR.Banks 13 DiagnosisandStagingofPancreaticNeoplasms,137 CraigA.Munroe,ThomasJ.Savides,&SyedM.Abbas 4 PalliationofAdvancedTumorsoftheEsophagus Fehmi IncludingYAGLaser,APC,PDT,Ethanol,Stentfor ObstructionorFistula,PEG,andBrachytherapy,42 14 PancreaticCysticLesions,147 EvelynP.M.vanVliet&PeterD.Siersema RaymondS.Tang&ThomasJ.Savides 5 EndoscopyinEsophagealCancer:AnOncologist’s 15 PancreaticCancerScreeninginHigh-Risk Perspective,51 Individuals,161 GilbertodeCastroJunior,MariaIgnezF.Melro IngridGonzalez,LisaMadlensky,&ThomasJ.Savides Braghiroli,&CamilleRodriguesdaSilva 16 EndoscopicPalliationofPancreaticCancer,170 ImadElkhatib,ThomasSavides,&SyedM.AbbasFehmi Part 3 Stomach 17 EndoscopyinPancreaticCancer:AnOncologist’s 6 DiagnosisandStagingofDiseasesoftheStomach,59 Perspective,181 IchiroOda,SeiichiroAbe,&ShigetakaYoshinaga Fa-ChyiLee 7 EndoscopicManagementofPremalignantandEarly MalignantLesions,75 Part 6 Gallbladder, Bile Duct, and Ampulla TakujiGotoda,RoySoetikno,TonyaKaltenbach,Takuji of Vater Biliary, Gallbladder, and Ampullary Gotoda,&StefanSeewald Lesions 8 PalliationofAdvancedTumorsoftheStomach,90 JayanMannath,MatthewR.Banks,&StephenBown 18 DiagnosisandStagingofPremalignantandEarly MalignantDiseases,193 9 GastroscopyinGastricCancer:AnOncologist’s IhabI.ElHajj,JohnM.DeWitt,&GregoryA.Cote´ Perspective,95 ChengYeoh&DanielHochhauser v Contents 19 ManagementofPremalignantandEarly 27 PalliationofAdvancedTumors,295 MalignanciesoftheBileDuctsandAmpulla,205 GeorgeJ.Webster&StephenBown GeethaNallamothu&DouglasG.Adler 28 ColorectalandAnalTumors:AnOncologist’s 20 PalliationofAdvancedTumors,213 Perspective,302 EvangelosKalaitzakis,GavinJ.Johnson,&GeorgeJ. SamJ.Lubner,DavidKim,&JenniferWeiss Webster 29 AnalCancer,311 21 EndoscopyinBiliaryTractCancers:AnOncologist’s JohnC.Deutsch Perspective,225 JohnBridgewater Part 9 Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Management of Tumors Not of GI Part 7 Hepatic Tumors (Including Origin—Role of GI Endoscopy Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma) 30 EndoscopyinHematologicMalignancies,319 22 DiagnosisandStagingofPremalignantand WilliamA.Ross MalignantDiseasesoftheLiver,231 31 Thyroid,Head,andNeckTumors,327 ElizabethFallon,FrederickJohlin,AlanStolpen,& JohnC.Deutsch JeffreyDunkelberg 32 ProstateCancer,Ovarian,andPeritonealDisease,333 23 EndoscopicEvaluationandTherapyfor AssaadM.Soweid&MohammedH.Saad ComplicationsofCirrhosis,242 PeterR.McNally&P.AlexanderMcNally 33 LungCancerandMediastinalTumors,345 PaulClementsen,PeterVilmann,LarsKonge,&Jouke 24 EndoscopicManagementofEarlyandAdvanced Annema HepaticTumors,258 YukTongLee&JosephJ.Y.Sung 34 RoleofGIEndoscopyinLymphoproliferative Disorders,355 25 HepaticTumors:AnOncologist’sPerspective,273 IanD.Norton&VipulAggarwal KatieWeatherstone,AlexaChilds,&TimMeyer 35 EndoscopyandRadiationTherapy,367 MuslimAtiq,AlexanderDekovich,&ManoopS.Bhutani Part 8 Colorectal and Anal Tumors 36 EndoscopicComplications,374 JonathanR.B.Green 26 Diagnosis,Staging,andManagementofPremalignant andEarlyMalignantDiseasesoftheColon,285 MuhammedThoufeeq,TakahiroFujii,&Bjorn Index,381 Rembacken Companion website Thisbookisaccompaniedbyawebsite: www.wiley.com/go/deutsch/endoscopycancer Thewebsiteincludes: • 21videosshowingproceduresdescribedinthebook • Allvideosarereferencedinthetextwhereyouseethislogo vi List of Contributors SeiichiroAbeMD MariaIgnezF.Melro JeffreyDunkelbergMD,PhD EndoscopyDivision BraghiroliMD DivisionofGastroenterology–Hepatology NationalCancerCenterHospital ClinicalOncology UniversityofIowaHealthCare Tokyo,Japan InstitutodoCaˆncerdoEstadodeSa˜oPaulo IowaCity,IA,USA Sa˜oPaulo,Brazil DouglasG.AdlerMD,FACG, J.M.DunnBSc,PhD,MRCP FASGE,AGAF JohnBridgewaterMD,PhD NationalMedicalLaserCentre,UniversityCollege London DivisionofGastroenterologyandHepatology UCLCancerInstitute London,UK;and HuntsmanCancerInstitute London,UK InstituteofMedicalInformatics,OsloUniversity UniversityofUtahSchoolofMedicine Hospital SaltLakeCity,UT,USA AlexaChildsMA,MB,BChir Oslo,Norway DepartmentofOncology VipulAggarwalMBBS,FRACP UCLMedicalSchool IhabI.ElHajjMD,MPH DepartmentofGastroenterology London,UK IndianaUniversitySchoolofMedicine RoyalNorthShoreHospital Indianapolis,IN,USA Sydney,NSW,Australia PaulClementsenMD,DMSc DepartmentofPulmonaryMedicine ImadElkhatibMD JoukeAnnemaMD,PhD GentofteHospital DivisionofGastroenterology DepartmentofPulmonology UniversityofCopenhagen UniversityofCalifornia–SanDiego AcademicMedicalCenter Copenhagen,Denmark SanDiego,CA,USA Amsterdam,TheNetherlands GregoryA.Cote´ MD,MS ElizabethFallonMD MuslimAtiqMD DivisionofGastroenterology DivisionofGastroenterology–Hepatology UniversityofIowaHealthCare SanfordHealth IndianaUniversitySchoolofMedicine IowaCity,IA,USA Sanford-USDSchoolofMedicine Indianapolis,IN,USA SiouxFalls,SD,USA SyedM.AbbasFehmiMD,MSc GilbertodeCastroJunior DivisionofGastroenterology MatthewR.BanksFRCP,PhD MD,PhD UniversityofCalifornia–SanDiego UniversityCollegeLondonHospitalsNHSTrust ClinicalOncology SanDiego,CA,USA London,UK InstitutodoCaˆncerdoEstadodeSa˜oPaulo Sa˜oPaulo,Brazil LuciaC.FryMD,PhD,FASGE ManoopS.BhutaniMD,FACG, DepartmentofGastroenterology,Hepatologyand FASGE,FACP,AGAF AlexanderDekovichMD InfectiousDiseases DepartmentofGastroenterology,Hepatology,and DepartmentofGastroenterology,Hepatologyand MarienhospitalBottrop Nutrition Nutrition Otto-von-GuerickeUniversity UTMDAndersonCancerCenter UTMDAndersonCancerCenter Magdeburg,Germany Houston,TX,USA Houston,TX,USA TakahiroFujiiMD,PhD StephenBownMD,FRCP JohnC.DeutschMD EndoscopyDivision NationalCancerCenterHospital DepartmentofGastroenterology EssentiaHealthSystems Tokyo,Japan UniversityCollegeLondonHospitalsNHS Duluth,MN,USA FoundationTrust IngridGonzalezMD London;and JohnM.DeWittMD DivisionofGastroenterology NationalMedicalLaserCentre IndianaUniversitySchoolofMedicine UniversityofCalifornia–SanDiego UniversityCollegeLondon Indianapolis,IN,USA LaJolla,CA,USA London,UK vii ListofContributors TakujiGotodaMD,PhD Fa-ChyiLeeMD HelmutNeumannMD,PhD DepartmentofGastroenterologyandHepatology UniversityHealthScienceCenter DepartmentofGastroenterology TokyoMedicalUniversity Albuquerque,NM,USA Friedrich-Alexander-University Tokyo,Japan Nu¨rnberg,Germany YukTongLeeMD,FRCP JonathanR.B.GreenMA,DM,FRCP InstituteofDigestiveDisease IanD.NortonMBBS,PhD, GastroenterologyDepartment TheChineseUniversityofHongKong FRACP,FASGE UniversityHospitalofNorthStaffordshire PrinceofWalesHospital DepartmentofGastroenterology StokeonTrent,UK Shatin,NewTerritories,HongKong RoyalNorthShoreHospital Sydney,Australia RehanJ.HaidryMD SamJ.LubnerMD UniversityofWisconsinCarboneCancerCenter NationalMedicalLaserCentre,UniversityCollege UniversityofWisconsinHospitalandClinics IchiroOdaMD London Madison,WI,USA EndoscopyDivision DepartmentofGastroenterology NationalCancerCenterHospital UniversityCollegeLondonHospitalsNHSTrust LisaMadlenskyPhD,CGC Tokyo,Japan London,UK DepartmentofFamilyandPreventiveMedicine UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego AbhitabhPatilMD DanielHochhauserMA(Cantab), MooresUCSDCancerCenter RushUniversityDivisionofDigestiveDiseases DPhil,FRCP LaJolla,CA,USA DepartmentofInternalMedicine UCLCancerInstituteandUniversityCollege RushUniversityMedicalCenter LondonHospital JayanMannathMD,MRCP Chicago,IL,USA London,UK DepartmentofGastroenterology UniversityHospitalsCoventryandWarwickshire BjornRembackenMB,ChB,MD,FRCP FrederickJohlinMD NHSTrust EndoscopyDivision DivisionofGastroenterology–Hepatology Coventry,UK NationalCancerCenterHospital UniversityofIowaHealthCare Tokyo,Japan IowaCity,IA,USA PeterR.McNallyDO,MSRF,MACG DepartmentofGastroenterology CamilleRodriguesdaSilvaMD GavinJ.JohnsonMSc,MD,MRCP EvansArmyMedicalCenter DepartmentofGastroenterology ColoradoSprings,CO,USA Research&DevelopmentDepartment EurofarmaLaborato´riosS.A. UniversityCollegeLondonHospitalsNHS FoundationTrust P.AlexanderMcNallyMD SaoPaulo,Brazil London,UK DepartmentofSurgery UniversityofColoradoDenver WilliamA.RossMD EvangelosKalaitzakisMD,PhD Aurora,CO,USA DepartmentofGastroenterology,Hepatologyand Nutrition DepartmentofGastroenterology JoshuaMelsonMD MDAndersonCancerCenter Ska˚neUniversityHospital DivisionofDigestiveDiseases Houston,TX,USA Lund,Sweden DepartmentofInternalMedicine TonyaKaltenbachMD,PhD RushUniversityMedicalCenter MohammedH.SaadMD Chicago,IL,USA DivisionofGastroenterology VeteransAffairsPaloAlto DepartmentofInternalMedicine PaloAlto,CA TimMeyerFRCP,PhD AmericanUniversityofBeirutMedicalCenter StanfordUniversitySchoolofMedicine UCLCancerInstituteandRoyalFreeHospital Beirut,Lebanon Stanford,CA,USA London,UK DavidKimMD KlausE.Mo¨nkemu¨ller ThomasJ.SavidesMD DepartmentofRadiology DivisionofGastroenterology MD,PhD,FASGE UniversityofWisconsinHospitalandClinics UniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego Madison,WI,USA BasilHirschowitzUnitofEndoscopicExcellence LaJolla,CA,USA DivisionofGastroenterology UniversityofAlabamaatBirmingham HirotoKitaMD Birmingham,AL,USA StefanSeewaldMD,PhD DepartmentofGastroenterology CenterofGastroenterology InternationalMedicalCenter CraigA.MunroeMD KlinikHirslanden SaitamaMedicalUniversity DivisionofGastroenterology Zurich,Switzerland Saitama,Japan UniversityofCalifornia–SanDiego SanDiego,CA,USA DavidShapiroMD LarsKongeMD,PhD RushUniversityDivisionofDigestiveDiseases CentreforClinicalEducation GeethaNallamothuMD DepartmentofInternalMedicine UniversityofCopenhagenandtheCapitalRegion St.MarksMedicalCenter RushUniversityMedicalCenter ofDenmark SaltLakeCity,UT,USA Chicago,IL,USA Copenhagen,Denmark viii