gQOLO F |HEUaLUUY Al ULAnRENUN | tF Y& fAruAVICH ~ Amy lacumes Garvey Introduction by John Henrik Clarke The privileged account, by his widow, of the first prominent Black Nationalist and his movement that fired the modern worldwide Negro self-awakening. “Indispensable for understanding Garvey.” —Professor E. U. Essien-Udom The Library of Claremont Schoolo f Theology 1325 North College Avenue Claremont, CA 91711-3199 (909) 447-2589 GARVEY AND GARVEYISM Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2021 with funding from Kahle/Austin Foundation https://archive.org/details/garveygarveyism0000garv Nee octets fray S3 GZ 1aAT9O eV iY AND GARVEYISM Amy Jacques Garvey INTRODUCTION BY JOHN HeNnRIK CLARKE & Collier Books Collier-Macmillan Ltd., London Copyright 1963, 1968 by Amy Jacques Garvey Introduction copyright @ 1970 by The Macmillan Company All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the Publisher. The Macmillan Company 866 Third Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10022 Collier-Macmillan Canada Ltd., Toronto, Ontario Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 70-108146 Garvey and Garveyism was originally published in a hardcover edition and the Epilogue in pamphlet format by Amy Jacques Garvey and is reprinted by arrangement. First CoLiier Booxs EDITION 1970 Printed in the United States of America DEDICATED: TO TRUTH AND BETTER UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN RACES We are all merely human beings; what we do to others affects not only them but ourselves— our dispositions, our actions, which all leave their impress; these history records. AIG “OY GQUTADICEC ‘a SMOVATE Aa BATTS <T AA HTU Zi \ SOaNes a imeea teti Pih afi ve Taeat i Sg a Ceea ee . ‘coli aN atest’ soni, eat iy wate _ oP ‘ is “ fubiober ‘a nop " spaAti sm ystA as i ; nt ere 4 : i: on gh aA AR, %. tot hae fk, voy! INTRODUCTION The publication of this popular edition of Garvey and Garveyism proves, if proof is needed, that we are now in the midst of a Marcus Garvey Renaissance. In nearly all mat- ters relating to the resurgence of black people, in this coun- try and abroad, there is a reconsideration of this man and his program for the redemption of people of African de- scent throughout the world. His dream, which seemed impos- sible in his lifetime, is now the stimulation for a new Black Nationalism, which in his terms is really Black Nationhood. His prophecy has been fulfilled in the independence explo- sion that brought more than thirty African nations into being. The concept of Black Power that he advocated, using other terms, is now a reality in large areas of the world where the people of African origin are predominant. Due to the persistence and years of sacrifice of Mrs. Amy Jacques Garvey, widow of Marcus Garvey, a large body of work by and about this great nationalist leader has been preserved and can be made available to a new generation of black people who will have the power to turn his dreams into realities. Like all great dreamers and planners, Marcus Garvey dreamed and planned ahead of his time and his peoples’ ability to understand the significance of his life’s work. A set of circumstances, mostly created by the world colonial powers, crushed this dreamer, but not his dreams. This book and the new interest in his life and teachings is indicative of the rebirth of “Garvey and Garveyism.” There is no way to understand this book without some knowledge of the genesis of Marcus Garvey the man and his ideas. When he was born in 1887, in Jamaica, West Indies, the Vili INTRODUCTION so-called “scramble for Africa” was over. All over Africa the warrior nationalists who had opposed European colo- nialism throughout the nineteenth century were either being killed or sent into exile. The Europeans with territorial aspirations in Africa had sat, at the Berlin Conference of 1884 and 1885, and decided how to split up the continent among them. In»the»Unitetdhe. B,laSckt..aAmtereicsan,s_ . were’ still. suffering» from: the. betrayal of the Reconstruction inet876The trouble within the world black community that Marcus Garvey would later grapple with had already been started when he was born. In the years when he was grow- ing to early manhood, his people entered the twentieth cen- tury and a new phase of their struggle for freedom and national identity. In 1907, Marcus Garvey was involved in the Printers’ Union strike in Jamaica. After this unsuccessful strike ended in defeat for the printers, he went to work for the Government Printing Office and soon after, edited his first publication, The Watchman. In 1909, Garvey made his first trip outside of Jamaica, to Costa Rica. In this poor and exploited country he observed the condition of black workers and started an effort to im- prove their lot. His protest to the British Consul brought only bureaucratic indifference. He was learning his first les- sons about the arrogant stubbornness of a European colo- nial power. In 1912 he was in London, working, learning, growing, and seeing new dimensions of the black man’s struggle. The ideas that would go into the making of his life’s work were being formulated. His close association with Duse Mo- hammed Ali, an Egyptian scholar and nationalist, helped to sharpen his ideas about African redemption. He worked for a while on the monthly magazine edited by Duse Mo- hammed Ali, The African Times and Orient Review. Here in London he read a copy of the book Up From Slavery by Booker T. Washington. This book and its ideas had a strong influence on his concept of leadership and its responsibility.