G a r d n e r’ s A r t T h r o u g h T h e Ag e s Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. G a r d n e r’ s A r t T h r o u g h T h e Ag e s The WesTer n PersPecTive volume ii fifteenth edition f r e d s . k l e i n e r Australia • Brazil • Mexico • Singapore • United Kingdom • United States Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. This is an electronic version of the print textbook. Due to electronic rights restrictions, some third party content may be suppressed. Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. 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Gardner’s Art through the Ages: The Western © 2017, 2014, 2010 Cengage Learning Perspective, Fifteenth Edition, Volume II WCN: 02-200-203 Fred S. Kleiner ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this work covered by the copyright herein Product Director: Monica Eckman may be reproduced, transmitted, stored, or used in any form or by any means Product Manager: Sharon Adams Poore graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including but not limited to photocopying, Content Developer: Chad Kirchner recording, scanning, digitizing, taping, web distribution, information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems, except as permitted under Associate Content Developer: Erika Hayden Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without the prior Product Assistant: Rachael Bailey written permission of the publisher. 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Cengage Learning 20 Channel Center Street Boston, MA 02210 USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with employees residing in nearly 40 different countries and sales in more than 125 countries around the world. Find your local representative at www.cengage.com. Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. To learn more about Cengage Learning Solutions, visit www.cengage.com. Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.cengagebrain.com. Printed in the United States of America Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2015 Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. t r a r e v o c e h t Frank Gehry, Guggenheim Bilbao Museo (looking southwest), Bilbao, Spain, 1997. Perhaps the most radical recent development in the history of architecture is Deconstructivism. Decon- t structivist architects attempt to disrupt conventional architectural design. Disorder, dissonance, imbalance, asymmetry, irregularity, and confusion replace order, harmony, balance, symmetry, regularity, and clarity. The seemingly haphazard organization of a Deconstructivist building’s elements challenges assumptions about architectural form as it relates to function. u The most famous Deconstructivist architect is Frank Gehry (b. 1929), who works up his designs by constructing models and then cutting them up and arranging the parts until he has a satisfying composition. Among Gehry’s most notable projects is the Bilbao Guggenheim Museum. Visitors approaching the building o see a mass of irregular asymmetrical and imbalanced forms whose profiles change dramatically with every shift of the viewer’s position. The limestone- and titanium-clad exterior lends a space-age character to the structure, and highlights further the unique cluster effect of the many forms. Gehry’s distinctive personal approach to design characterizes the art of the modern era in general, but b it is not typical of many periods of the history of art when artists toiled in anonymity to fulfill the wishes of their patrons, whether Egyptian pharaohs, Roman emperors, or medieval monks. Art through the Ages: The Western Perspective surveys the art and architecture of all periods from prehistory to the present and exam- ines how Western artworks and buildings of all kinds have always reflected the historical contexts in which a they were created. Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Brief Contents Preface xv chapter 21 Before 1300 xxi rococo to neoclassicism: The 18th Century in europe and america 642 IntroductIon chapter 22 What is art History? 1 romanticism, realism, Photography: chapter 14 europe and america, 1800 to 1870 672 late Medieval italy 410 chapter 23 chapter 15 impressionism, Post-impressionism, symbolism: europe and america, 1870 to 1900 720 late Medieval and early renaissance northern europe 434 chapter 24 Modernism in europe and america, chapter 16 1900 to 1945 760 The renaissance in Quattrocento italy 460 chapter 25 chapter 17 Modernism and Postmodernism in europe renaissance and Mannerism in Cinquecento italy 502 and america, 1945 to 1980 828 chapter 26 chapter 18 Contemporary art Worldwide 874 High renaissance and Mannerism in northern europe and spain 554 notes 913 chapter 19 Glossary 917 The Baroque in italy and spain 580 Bibliography 929 chapter 20 Credits 941 The Baroque in northern europe 610 index 947 vii Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.