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Cengage Learning 20 Channel Center Street Boston, MA 02210 USA Cengage Learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with employees residing in nearly 40 different countries and sales in more than 125 countries around the world. Find your local representative at www.cengage.com. Cengage Learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education, Ltd. To learn more about Cengage Learning Solutions, visit www.cengage.com. Purchase any of our products at your local college store or at our preferred online store www.cengagebrain.com. Printed in the United States of America Print Number: 01 Print Year: 2015 Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. 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Aqueducts, which brought fresh water to cities throughout europe, North Africa, and the Middle east, t are among the many engineering feats of the ancient romans. The Pont-du-gard, erected under emperor Augustus (r. 27 bce–14 ce) over the gard river in southern France (roman gaul), provided about 100 gal- lons of water a day for each inhabitant of the roman colony at Nîmes from a mountain source some 30 u miles away. The water flowed over the considerable distance by gravity alone, which required channels built with a continuous gradual decline over the entire route from source to city. The three-story Pont-du-gard maintained the height of the water channel where the water crossed the river. each large arch spans some 82 feet and consists of blocks weighing up to two tons each. The bridge’s uppermost level is a row of smaller o arches, three above each of the large openings below. They carry the water channel itself. The harmonious proportional relationship between the larger and smaller arches reveals that the roman hydraulic engineer who designed the aqueduct-bridge also had a keen aesthetic sense. The name of that architect-engineer is unknown, which is typical of antiquity and the Middle Ages, b when almost all artists toiled in anonymity to fulfill the wishes of their patrons, whether egyptian pharaohs, roman emperors, or medieval monks. Art through the Ages: The Western Perspective surveys the art and architecture of all periods from prehistory to the present and examines how Western artworks and buildings a of all kinds have always reflected the historical contexts in which they were created. Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). 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All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 33940_fm_i-xix_rev03.indd 6 29/07/15 12:11 PM (cid:13)(cid:96)(cid:136)(cid:204)(cid:105)(cid:96)(cid:202)(cid:220)(cid:136)(cid:204)(cid:133)(cid:202)(cid:204)(cid:133)(cid:105)(cid:202)(cid:96)(cid:105)(cid:147)(cid:156)(cid:202)(cid:219)(cid:105)(cid:192)(cid:195)(cid:136)(cid:156)(cid:152)(cid:202)(cid:156)(cid:118)(cid:202) (cid:22)(cid:152)(cid:118)(cid:136)(cid:221)(cid:202)(cid:42)(cid:192)(cid:156)(cid:202)(cid:42)(cid:12)(cid:19)(cid:202)(cid:13)(cid:96)(cid:136)(cid:204)(cid:156)(cid:192)(cid:202) (cid:47)(cid:156)(cid:202)(cid:192)(cid:105)(cid:147)(cid:156)(cid:219)(cid:105)(cid:202)(cid:204)(cid:133)(cid:136)(cid:195)(cid:202)(cid:152)(cid:156)(cid:204)(cid:136)(cid:86)(cid:105)(cid:93)(cid:202)(cid:219)(cid:136)(cid:195)(cid:136)(cid:204)(cid:92)(cid:202) (cid:220)(cid:220)(cid:220)(cid:176)(cid:136)(cid:86)(cid:105)(cid:152)(cid:136)(cid:176)(cid:86)(cid:156)(cid:147)(cid:201)(cid:213)(cid:152)(cid:143)(cid:156)(cid:86)(cid:142)(cid:176)(cid:133)(cid:204)(cid:147) Brief Contents Preface xiii chapter 9 Byzantium 256 IntroductIon What is art History? 1 chapter 10 The islamic World 284 chapter 1 art in the stone age 14 chapter 11 early Medieval europe 310 chapter 2 ancient Mesopotamia and Persia 30 chapter 12 romanesque europe 338 chapter 3 egypt from narmer to Cleopatra 54 chapter 13 Gothic europe 372 chapter 4 The Prehistoric aegean 82 chapter 14 late Medieval italy 410 chapter 5 ancient Greece 102 notes 434 chapter 6 Glossary 435 The etruscans 162 Bibliography 448 chapter 7 Credits 458 The roman empire 176 index 461 chapter 8 late antiquity 230 vii Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 33940_fm_i-xix_rev03.indd 7 29/07/15 12:11 PM (cid:13)(cid:96)(cid:136)(cid:204)(cid:105)(cid:96)(cid:202)(cid:220)(cid:136)(cid:204)(cid:133)(cid:202)(cid:204)(cid:133)(cid:105)(cid:202)(cid:96)(cid:105)(cid:147)(cid:156)(cid:202)(cid:219)(cid:105)(cid:192)(cid:195)(cid:136)(cid:156)(cid:152)(cid:202)(cid:156)(cid:118)(cid:202) (cid:22)(cid:152)(cid:118)(cid:136)(cid:221)(cid:202)(cid:42)(cid:192)(cid:156)(cid:202)(cid:42)(cid:12)(cid:19)(cid:202)(cid:13)(cid:96)(cid:136)(cid:204)(cid:156)(cid:192)(cid:202) (cid:47)(cid:156)(cid:202)(cid:192)(cid:105)(cid:147)(cid:156)(cid:219)(cid:105)(cid:202)(cid:204)(cid:133)(cid:136)(cid:195)(cid:202)(cid:152)(cid:156)(cid:204)(cid:136)(cid:86)(cid:105)(cid:93)(cid:202)(cid:219)(cid:136)(cid:195)(cid:136)(cid:204)(cid:92)(cid:202) (cid:220)(cid:220)(cid:220)(cid:176)(cid:136)(cid:86)(cid:105)(cid:152)(cid:136)(cid:176)(cid:86)(cid:156)(cid:147)(cid:201)(cid:213)(cid:152)(cid:143)(cid:156)(cid:86)(cid:142)(cid:176)(cid:133)(cid:204)(cid:147) Contents Preface xiii ■ Art And socIety: Hammurabi’s laws 44 ■ Problems And solutIons: How Many legs does a lamassu Have? 46 IntroductIon ■ WrItten sources: Babylon, City of Wonders 49 What Is art history? 1 map 2-1 ancient Mesopotamia and Persia 32 art History in the 21st Century 2 the BIG pIcture  53 different Ways of seeing 13 3 egypt from narmer to cleopatra  54 1 art in the Stone age  14 FrAmIng the erA life after death in ancient FrAmIng the erA The dawn of art 15 egypt 55 tImelIne 16 tImelIne 56 Paleolithic art 16 egypt and egyptology 56 neolithic art 23 Predynastic and early dynastic Periods 56 ■ Problems And solutIons: How to represent an animal 17 Old kingdom 60 ■ Problems And solutIons: Painting in the dark 20 Middle kingdom 67 ■ Art And socIety: Why is There art in Paleolithic new kingdom 68 Caves? 21 map 1-1 stone age sites in europe 16 first Millennium bce 79 map 1-2 neolithic sites in anatolia and Mesopotamia 24 ■ relIgIon And mythology: The Gods and Goddesses of egypt 58 the BIG pIcture  29 ■ Art And socIety: Mummification and immortality 60 ■ Problems And solutIons: Building the Pyramids 2 ancient mesopotamia and persia  30 of Gizeh 62 ■ Problems And solutIons: How to Portray FrAmIng the erA Pictorial narration a God-king 64 in ancient sumer 31 ■ Art And socIety: Hatshepsut, the Woman Who Would Be king 69 tImelIne 32 ■ Problems And solutIons: illuminating Buildings Mesopotamia 32 before lightbulbs 73 Persia 48 map 3-1 ancient egypt 56 ■ relIgIon And mythology: The Gods and Goddesses the BIG pIcture  81 of Mesopotamia 34 ■ Problems And solutIons: sumerian Votive statuary 35 ■ mAterIAls And technIques: Mesopotamian 4 the prehistoric aegean  82 seals 39 ■ Art And socIety: enheduanna, Priestess and Poet 41 FrAmIng the erA Greece in the age of Heroes 83 ■ the PAtron’s VoIce: Gudea of lagash 43 tImelIne  84 viii   Copyright 2017 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s). Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it. 33940_fm_i-xix_rev03.indd 8 29/07/15 12:11 PM (cid:13)(cid:96)(cid:136)(cid:204)(cid:105)(cid:96)(cid:202)(cid:220)(cid:136)(cid:204)(cid:133)(cid:202)(cid:204)(cid:133)(cid:105)(cid:202)(cid:96)(cid:105)(cid:147)(cid:156)(cid:202)(cid:219)(cid:105)(cid:192)(cid:195)(cid:136)(cid:156)(cid:152)(cid:202)(cid:156)(cid:118)(cid:202) (cid:22)(cid:152)(cid:118)(cid:136)(cid:221)(cid:202)(cid:42)(cid:192)(cid:156)(cid:202)(cid:42)(cid:12)(cid:19)(cid:202)(cid:13)(cid:96)(cid:136)(cid:204)(cid:156)(cid:192)(cid:202) (cid:47)(cid:156)(cid:202)(cid:192)(cid:105)(cid:147)(cid:156)(cid:219)(cid:105)(cid:202)(cid:204)(cid:133)(cid:136)(cid:195)(cid:202)(cid:152)(cid:156)(cid:204)(cid:136)(cid:86)(cid:105)(cid:93)(cid:202)(cid:219)(cid:136)(cid:195)(cid:136)(cid:204)(cid:92)(cid:202) (cid:220)(cid:220)(cid:220)(cid:176)(cid:136)(cid:86)(cid:105)(cid:152)(cid:136)(cid:176)(cid:86)(cid:156)(cid:147)(cid:201)(cid:213)(cid:152)(cid:143)(cid:156)(cid:86)(cid:142)(cid:176)(cid:133)(cid:204)(cid:147)