Praise for Fundamentals of WiMAX This book is one of the most comprehensive books I have reviewed … it is a must read for engineers and students planning to remain current or who plan to pursue a career in telecommunications. I have reviewed other publications on WiMAX and have been disappointed. This book is refreshing in that it is clear that the authors have the in-depth technical knowledge and communications skills to deliver a logi- cally laid out publication that has substance to it. —Ron Resnick, President, WiMAX Forum This is the first book with a great introductory treatment of WiMAX technology. It should be essential reading for all engineers involved in WiMAX. The high-level overview is very useful for those with non-technical background. The introductory sections for OFDM and MIMO technologies are very useful for those with imple- mentation background and some knowledge of communication theory. The chapters covering physical and MAC layers are at the appropriate level of detail. In short, I recommend this book to systems engineers and designers at different layers of the protocol, deployment engineers, and even students who are interested in practical applications of communication theory. —Siavash M. Alamouti, Chief Technology Officer, Mobility Group, Intel This is a very well-written, easy-to-follow, and comprehensive treatment of WiMAX. It should be of great interest. —Dr. Reinaldo Valenzuela, Director of Wireless Research, Bell Labs Fundamentals of WiMAX is a comprehensive guide to WiMAX from both industry and academic viewpoints, which is an unusual accomplishment. I recommend it to anyone who is curious about this exciting new standard. —Dr. Teresa Meng, Professor, Stanford University, Founder and Director, AtherosCommunications Andrews, Ghosh, and Muhamed have provided a clear, concise, and well-written text on 802.16e/WiMAX. The book provides both the breadth and depth to make sense of the highly complicated 802.16e standard. I would recommend this book to both devel- opment engineers and technical managers who want an understating of WiMAX and insight into 4G modems in general. —Paul Struhsaker, VP of Engineering, Chipset platforms, Motorola Mobile Device Business Unit, former vice chair of IEEE 802.16 working group Fundamentals of WiMAX is written in an easy-to-understand tutorial fashion. The chapter on multiple antenna techniques is a very clear summary of this important technology and nicely organizes the vast number of different proposed techniques into a simple-to-understand framework. —Dr. Ender Ayanoglu, Professor, University of California, Irvine, Editor-in-Chief, IEEE Transactions on Communications Fundamentals of WiMAX is a comprehensive examination of the 802.16/WiMAX standard and discusses how to design, develop, and deploy equipment for this wire- less communication standard. It provides both insightful overviews for those want- ing to know what WiMAX is about and comprehensive, in-depth chapters on technical details of the standard, including the coding and modulation, signal pro- cessing methods, Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) channels, medium access control, mobility issues, link-layer performance, and system-level perfor- mance. —Dr. Mark C. Reed, Principle Researcher, National ICT Australia, Adjunct Associate Professor, Australian National University This book is an excellent resource for any engineer working on WiMAX systems. The authors have provided very useful introductory material on broadband wireless systems so that readers of all backgrounds can grasp the main challenges in WiMAX design. At the same time, the authors have also provided very thorough analysis and discussion of the multitudes of design options and engineering trade- offs, including those involved with multiple antenna communication, present in WiMax systems, making the book a must-read for even the most experienced wire- less system designer. —Dr. Nihar Jindal, Assistant Professor, University of Minnesota This book is very well organized and comprehensive, covering all aspects of WiMAX from the physical layer to the network and service aspects. The book also includes insightful business perspectives. I would strongly recommend this book as a must- read theoretical and practical guide to any wireless engineer who intends to investi- gate the road to fourth generation wireless systems. —Dr. Yoon Chae Cheong, Vice President, Communication Lab, Samsung The authors strike a wonderful balance between theoretical concepts, simulation per- formance, and practical implementation, resulting in a complete and thorough expo- sition of the standard. The book is highly recommended for engineers and managers seeking to understand the standard. —Dr. Shilpa Talwar, Senior Research Scientist, Intel Fundamentals of WiMAX is a comprehensive guide to WiMAX, the latest frontier in the communications revolution. It begins with a tutorial on 802.16 and the key technologies in the standard and finishes with a comprehensive look at the pre- dicted performance of WiMAX networks. I believe readers will find this book invaluable whether they are designing or testing WiMAX systems. —Dr. James Truchard, President, CEO and Co-Founder, National Instruments This book is a must-read for engineers who want to know WiMAX fundamentals and its performance. The concepts of OFDMA, multiple antenna techniques, and various diversity techniques—which are the backbone of WiMAX technology—are explained in a simple, clear, and concise way. This book is the first of its kind. —Amitava Ghosh, Director and Fellow of Technical Staff, Motorola Andrews, Ghosh, and Muhamed have written the definitive textbook and reference manual on WiMAX, and it is recommended reading for engineers and managers alike. —Madan Jagernauth, Director of WiMAX Access Product Management, Nortel This page intentionally left blank Fundamentals of WiMAX Prentice Hall Communications Engineering and Emerging Technologies Series Theodore S. Rappaport, Series Editor DI BENEDETTO & GIANCOLA Understanding Ultra Wide Band Radio Fundamentals DOSTERT Powerline Communications DURGIN Space–Time Wireless Channels Technologies, Standards, and QoS GARG Wireless Network Evolution: 2G to 3G GARG IS-95 CDMA and cdma2000: Cellular/PCS Systems Implementation LIBERTI & RAPPAPORT Smart Antennas for Wireless Communications: IS-95 and Third Generation CDMA Applications MURTHY & MANOJ Ad Hoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols NEKOOGAR Ultra-Wideband Communications: Fundamentals and Applications PAHLAVAN & KRISHNAMURTHY Principles of Wireless Networks: A Unifi ed Approach PATTAN Robust Modulation Methods and Smart Antennas in Wireless Communication RADMANESH Radio Frequency and Microwave Electronics Illustrated RAPPAPORT Wireless Communications: Principles and Practice, Second Edition REED Software Radio: A Modern Approach to Radio Engineering REED An Introduction to Ultra Wideband Communication Systems SKLAR Digital Communications: Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition STARR, SORBARA, CIOFFI, & SILVERMAN DSL Advances TRANTER, SHANMUGAN, RAPPAPORT, & KOSBAR Principles of Communication Systems Simulation with Wireless Applications VANGHI, DAMNJANOVIC, & VOJCIC The cdma2000 System for Mobile Communications: 3G Wireless Evolution WANG & POOR Wireless Communication Systems: Advanced Techniques for Signal Reception Fundamentals of WiMAX Understanding Broadband Wireless Networking Jeffrey G. Andrews, Ph.D. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Texas at Austin Arunabha Ghosh, Ph.D. AT&T Labs Inc. Rias Muhamed AT&T Labs Inc. Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests. For more information, please contact: U.S. Corporate and Government Sales (800) 382-3419 [email protected] For sales outside the United States, please contact: International Sales [email protected] Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Andrews, Jeffrey G. Fundamentals of WiMAX : understanding broadband wireless networking / Jeffrey G. Andrews, Arunabha Ghosh, Rias Muhamed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-13-222552-2 (hbk : alk. paper) 1. Wireless communication systems. 2. Broadband communication systems. I. Ghosh, Arunabha. II. Muhamed, Rias. III. Title. TK5103.2.A56 2007 621.382—dc22 2006038505 Copyright © 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication is protected by copyright, and permission must be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. For information regarding permissions, write to: Pearson Education, Inc. Rights and Contracts Department One Lake Street Upper Saddle River, NJ 07458 Fax: (201) 236-3290 ISBN 0-13-222552-2 Text printed in the United States on recycled paper at Courier in Westford, Massachusetts. First printing, February 2007 Dedicated to Catherine and my parents, Greg and Mary —Jeff Dedicated to Debolina and my parents, Amitabha and Meena —Arunabha Dedicated to Shalin, Tanaz, and my parents, Ahamed and Fathima —Rias