Swedish BASIC COURSE Hosted for free on livelingua.com SWEDISH R)I Swedish Basic Cours e developed from a need to provide a more comprehensive and up to date curriculum than had been afforded by an earlieI' work, Spoken Swedish. The latter had been produced during the 1950's by william R. fun Bus kirk and Fritz frauchiger of the FSI linguistic staff, with the assistance of members of the staff of the Post Language Program of the American Embassy in Stockholm. RJI Swedish Basic Cours e is intended primarily for use as the foundation for in- tensive classroom use with a qualified instructor, but it has also been designed so that the student who does not have the benefit of an instructor may use the text and its accompanying tapes with profit. This book was developed entirely at the ~reign Service Institute in Washington. Under the general editorship of Allen I. Weinstein, the text was conceived and executed by the Swedish instructional staff, headed by Ingrid S. Beach and including Margareta Weyl, Margareta Feller, and Anne-Marie Carnemark. Illustrations were conceived and drawn by Peter Weyl. Layout for the text and the cover design were executed by John McClelland of the FSI Audio- Visual Staff. The tape recordings accompanying this text were voiced by Peter Ling- Vannerus, Niklas Lund, Claes Röhl, Ingrid Beach, Anne-Marie Carnemark, and Margareta Weyl, and were made at the FSI studios under the direction of recording engine er Jose Ramirez. The authors wish to express their gratitude to the Foreign Service Institute students who used the field-test editions of the book in Washington and who contributed many helpful ideas and criticisms. A special debt of gratitude is due Marianne L. Adams who, as FSI Publications Officer, provided the initial stimulus for the creation of this book and whose encouragement along the way was of great importance. iii Preface Hosted for free on livelingua.com SWEDISH iv To the Student WeLcome to the worLd of Sweden, Swedes, and Swedish! You have obtained this book as a way to help you learn the Swedish language, and to help you prepare for Life and work in Sweden. We hop e that both these experienaes will be enjoyable for you, but before you begin we would Like you to know some facts about language study in general, and this book in particular. The new FSI Swedish Basic Course has been written especially for the future U.S. diplomat in Sweden. It is meant to serve as a textbook as well as a source of cul- tural information and it is accompanied by a complete set of tapes. We all know that the ability to speak a foreign Language and to live in a new cul- ture is not learned through books and tapes alone. These are only aids in a learn- ing process which begins in the classroom, where the instructor is the primary source of information and your main conversation partner, and which later expands to the whole country of Sweden, where a nation becomes your teacher. However, the book has taken into account the student who may not have a teacher available. It was designed in such away that, together with extensive use of the tapes, it may be used profitably by the self-study student. A self-study course, however, cannot prov ide sufficient opportunities to practice speaking and understanding Swedish. The primary goal of language learning is to communicate with the native speakers in a natural and productive way. A secondary goal is to learn to read and trans late Swedish, since this is an important skill you will need in your work. The first twelve ~its consist of dialogs which cover a range of situations relevant to your Life and work in Sweden. The las t few Uni ts are lJJri tten in a narrative form and constitute a transition to further reading. Each ~it includes "Notes on Basic Sentences," which clarify certain grammar points, cultural ~nformation and idiomatic expressions that we think are particularly im- portant. fullowing "Notes on Basic Sentences" is a section called "Points to Practice." This section deals lJith the grammar, which is first explained as clearLy and To the Student Hosted for free on livelingua.com SWEDISH simply as possible~ and then put to use in Practices. Here you can cover up the correct responses with a piece of heavy paper or cardboard and then slide the paper down the page to confirm the correctness of your response or correct any error you may have made. Be sure you do the Practices aloud. Grammatical explanation should be thought of only as a tool when learning a foreign language. But it is the key to understanding a structure and a system which might otherwise seem confusing. Even though Swedish grammar and vocabulary are related to their English counterparts, a word-by-word translation from either language into the other does not neoessarily produoe good sense. Beoause of important dif- ferenoes in ways We have of expressing the same thoughts~ speakers of English and Swedish see each other as using different patterns of language. It is therefore invaluable to learn Swedish patterns to the point where the y become a real part of your speech, so that the difference between English and Swedish becomes natural to you. Over many years of teaching Swedish to English speaking students the teachers at ~I have noted oonsistent patterns of difficulty that an English speaker has in learning Swedish. We have tried to draw on this experienee in explaining the grammar and in painting out the pitfalls. Our happy Vikings are used to draw attention to same of the grammar points~ and to make the task of learning Swedish grammar a little less serious. A dragon appears in places where we discUSB something that may be unusually tricky. How to Vse the Tapes The tapes provide the oorrect pronunoiation of the dialogs, narrative texts and grammar practices. On the tapes each Unit begins with the diatog "For Listening Only" to give you the chance to understand as muoh aB possible unaided. Remember that it is just as important to understand what is being said as to produce your own sentences. Following" For Listening Only" there is a section called" For Learning." It contains the same dialog~ but this time each new word is given with apause, during which you are to repeat the word before the correct pronunoiation is confirmed. The same pattern is then used for longer utteranees. Try to mimic the native speakers as elosely as possible, paying elose attention to stress and intonation. When an utterance is very long it will, be divided inta two or more sentences~ and then given in its entirety. To the Student v Hosted for free on livelingua.com SWEDISH vi The grammar practices have also been taped, in order for you to hear the pronuncia- tion of the correct response given in the practices. We advise that you keep your book open when doing the grammar practices with the tape, since you will always have to read the instructions for each individual practice in order to know which cue words you are supposed to use. However, you wiLL find that some prac- tices can be done oraLly using on ly the tape. In those instances, try to reLy on what you hear on the tape and don't Look at the book. Studying a Swedish textbook and Listening to the accompanying tapes does not guaran- tee mastery of the Swedish Language. We hop e that this book wiLL serve as one of many aids iu your endeavor and that you wiLL find numerous opportunities to prac- tic e your Swedish. The best way of doing that is to c10se your book and put your vocabulary and grammar to use in real situations. This is when you have to trans- fer your book-learning into something productive and meaningful. When you speak, understand and read outside the cLassroom environment you have truLy Learned to communicate in your new language. Good luck in your Swedish enterprisel To the Student Hosted for free on livelingua.com SWEDISH Till Läraren Följande är ett förslag tl I I hur Swedish Baslc Course kan användas svenskundervisningen: Utta I Ett utförligt kapItel med medföljande band inleder boken. Läraren bör naturligtvis gå igenom alla vIktiga punkter och hjälpa eleverna att få ett bra uttal från början. Dialog a. Genomgång aV ny läxa. Läraren I äser de nya orden och I åter e I everna upprepa dem I korus. Sedan I äser läraren en mening i taget och låter varje elev upprepa den. Här har läraren ett bra tlll- Uille att rätta och förklara uttalet. Det är väsentligt att vara mycket noggrann med uttalet i början så att eleverna inte grundlägger dåliga vanor. Vi beräknar att två eller tre sidor per dag är lagom för hemarbete. I början kan det vara fördel- aktigt tör eleverna att lära sig dIalogen utantill så att de automatiskt tIllgodogör sig rytmen, ordföljden och språkmönstret. b. Förhör av läxa. Nästa dag kan man börja med att låta eleverna gå Igenom dialogen med den svenska texten övertäckt och med den engelska texten som minnesstöd. Man kan sedan låta eleverna ersätta en del ord i dialogen med andra ord som de lärt sig tidigare och öva olika former samtidigt som det grammatiska mönstret bIbehålls. Till sist slår eleverna Igen böckerna och använder dialogen i rollspel. Spontant rollspel passar i nte för a I I a e lever. Det kan tör en de I vara svårare att h i tta på något att säga än att använda det nya språket korrekt. I sådana ta II är det I ämp 11 gt att använda s.k. "directed dialog," d.v.s. läraren talar om tör eleven på svenska (eller möj- I igtvis på engelska) i indirekt form vad han/hon ska säga. Läraren kan också själv ställa frågor tl II eleverna med användande av ordförrådet j texten. Till Lär<;lren vii Hosted for free on livelingua.com SWEDISH viii Grammatik Läraren går igenom de grammatiska punkter som tas upp I varje kapitel och eleverna arbetar självständigt hemma på övningarna med banden till hjälp. Grammatikavsnitten innehåller ett stort antal övningar i förhoppningen att eleven kan lära sig språkstrukturen genom att öva den och höra den så mycket som möj \ i gt. För att vara säker på att övn ingarna verkligen görs bör läraren då och då, utan varning, gå igenom dem i klassen. Efter kapitel 12 har vi frångått formatet med enbart dialog. Kapitel 13-16 utgör en övergång ti I I tidningsläsning. Svårighetsgraden stegras avsevärt 1 dessa stycken. Texterna kan med fördel användas tl I I läsning, översättning och diskussion. Diskussionen kan till exempel röra sig om olika seder och bruk, olika åsikter, politiska förhållanden, etc. Den kan också göras I ivl igare om läraren eller någon av eleverna intar en impopulär ståndpunkt. Med hjälp av banden kan eleverna också öva upp förmågan att lyssna och förstå. Kapitel 6 är avsett som ett prov på vad eleven lärt sig i kapitel 1-5. Vi rekommenderar a t t e I e ven d e I a r u p p k a p i t e I 6 i mi ns t t v å s e k t i o n e r f ö r a t t n å b ä s t a mö j I i g a r e s u I t a t . Det är lämpligt att då och då under kursen gå ti Ilbaka och repetera och att inte ta för givet att eleverna har tillgodogjort sig allt som tidigare förekommit i boken eller diskuterats i klassen. Detta är endast vårt förslag ti I I hur Swedish Basic Course kan användas. Vår förhopp- ning är att boken kan inspirera och uppmuntra läraren att använda sin egen fantasi på ett sätt som bäst passar de individuella eleverna i hans/hennes klass, och även klassens storlek. Låt fantasi och kreativitet komma ti II nytta. Tänk på möj I igheten att använda "propsll och att stimulera undervisningen genom att företa något fysiskt aktivt. ut- flykter, restaurangbesök, simulerad guidning på svenska, etc., kan erbjuda bra tillfällen att använda svenskan I real istiska situationer. Låt boken vara en hjälp I undervisningen och låt den inte diktera hur undervisningen ska gå ti I I. Målet är att lära engelskspråkIga elever att förstå och uttrycka sig på svenska och den metod som når det resu I tatet är den rätta metoden. Lycka t i II ! T II I LMraren Hosted for free on livelingua.com SWEDISH TabLe of Contents Page Preface iii To the Student iv To the Teaehel' vii Explanation of Cpammatical Terms xiv A Guide to Endings and Symbols xxiv A Guide to Swedish Pronunciation l Unit 1 - Cetting Around 30 Numbers 38 Nates on Basic Sentences 39 Points to Practice 41 Point I - En-Ett 42 Point II - Present Tense 46 Point III - Word Order 47 Point IV - AuxiLiaries (heLping verbs) 53 56 Unit 2 - Meeting People 64 Nates on Basia Sentences 68 Points to Practice Point I - The Definite Artiale (singular) 69 Point II - Personal Pronouns 76 80 Point III - Telling Time 84 Unit 3 - Family and Ocaupation 93 Nates on Basic Sentences 97 Points to Practice 98 Point I - Indefinite Plural Endings 109 Point II - The Relative Pronoun Som 112 Point III - Placement of Adverbs ix rable of Contents Hosted for free on livelingua.com SWEDISH x Page ~it 4 - Seeing the Sights 116 Notes on Basic Sentences 122 Points to Practice 123 Point I - Adjectives in the Indefinite Form (noun-adjective agreement) 124 Point II - Demonstrative Expressions 128 Point III - Personal Pronouns Den, Det, De 131 Uni t 5 - A Place to Live 138 Nates on Basic Sentences 145 Points to Practice 147 Point I - Possessives Preceding a Noun 148 Point II - Verbs of the First Conjugation 157 Point III - Word Order 166 Uni t 6 - True and False 171 179 Uni t 7 - A t the Office Nates on Basic Sentences 184 Points to Practice 185 Point I - Definite Form Plural 186 Point II - Definite Form of the Noun with AdjectiveB 189 196 Point III - Det är det Point IV- Ligga-Lägga, Sitta-Sätta, etc. 200 Point V - Ordinal Numbers 203 205 Unit 8 - Shopping for clothes 212 Notes on Basic Sentences 215 Points to Practice Point I - Interrogative Pronoun Vi Iken (Vi Iket, Vi Ikal 216 219 Point II - Indefinite Pronouns and Ajdectives 233 Point III - Adverbs of Place Indicating Rest and Motion 241 Point I V - Verbs of the Second Conjugation 250 Point V - Verbs of the Third Conjugation Table of Contents Hosted for free on livelingua.com SWEDISH Page unit 9 - Eating in a Restaurant 254 Notes on Basic Sentences 261 264 Points to Practice Point I - Comparison of Adjectives 26S Point II - Formation and Comparison of Adverbs 279 Point III - Adjectives Before Nouns 287 297 unit 10 - Getting Ready for an Evening Out 303 Notes on Basic Sentences 30S Points to Practice 306 Point I - RefZ exive VeY'bs Point II - AuxiZiary (HeZpingJ Verbs 311 318 Point III - Imperative Form Point IV - Då-Sedan, both meaning "then" 322 Point T! - Före-I nnan, both meaning "before" 324 327 Unit 11 - Nations, Languages, and NationaZities 335 Notes on Basic Sentences 338 Points to Practice 339 Point I - The Swedish Pronoun Man 341 Point II - Time Adverbials 355 Point III - Nations, Nationalities, Languages 361 unit 12 - Social Gatherings 361 Part I - An Informal Invitation to Lunch 365 Part II - An Invitation to a Dinner 368 Part III - A Formal Dinner Party 377 Notes on Basic Sentences 383 Points to Practice 384 Point I - Prepositions of Place 396 Point II - Placement of the Roaming Adverb 406 Point III - Practice on Idiomatic and ~eful Expressions xi Table of Contents Hosted for free on livelingua.com