FRONTIERS IN OFFSHORE GEOTECHNICS ISFOG 2005 Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK BALKEMA – Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FRONTIERS IN OFFSHORE GEOTECHNICS, UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA, PERTH, 19–21 SEPTEMBER 2005 Frontiers in Offshore Geotechnics ISFOG 2005 Susan Gourvenec & Mark Cassidy Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems, University of Western Australia LONDON/LEIDEN/NEWYORK/PHILADELPHIA/SINGAPORE Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK Front Cover: ENSCO 104, a KFELSB Class jackup constructed by Keppel FELS, Singapore (Source: Keppel Offshore & Marine). Back Cover: Arial shot of coastline of Australia’s North West Shelf (top right) and calcareous sand (middle). ISFOGlogo designed by Hilit Einav. Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK All rights reserved. No part of this publication or the information contained herein may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, by photocopying, recording or otherwise, without written prior permission from the publisher. Although all care is taken to ensure the integrity and quality of this publication and the information herein, no responsibility is assumed by the publishers nor the author for any damage to property or persons as a result of operation or use of this publication and/or the information contained herein. Published by: Taylor & Francis/Balkema P.O. Box 447, 2300 AK Leiden, The Netherlands e-mail: [email protected] www.balkema.nl, www.tandf.co.uk, www.crcpress.com ISBN Set (book(cid:1)cd-rom): 0 415 39063 X ISBN Book: 0 415 39064 8 ISBN CD-ROM: 0 415 39065 6 Printed in Great-Britain Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK Table of Contents Preface XV Committees XVII Reviewers XIX Keynote papers Suction anchors for deepwater applications 3 K.H. Andersen, J.D. Murff, M.F. Randolph, E.C. Clukey, C.T. Erbrich, H.P. Jostad, B. Hansen, C. Aubeny, P. Sharma & C. Supachawarote Vertically loaded plate anchors for deepwater applications 31 J.D. Murff, M.F. Randolph, S. Elkhatib, H.J. Kolk, R.M. Ruinen, P.J. Strom & C.P. Thorne Australian frontiers – spudcans on the edge 49 C.T. Erbrich Suction caissons for wind turbines 75 G.T. Houlsby, L. Bo Ibsen & B.W. Byrne Pipeline geotechnics – state-of-the-art 95 D.N. Cathie, C. Jaeck, J.-C. Ballard & J.-F. Wintgens An operator’s perspective on offshore risk assessment and geotechnical design in geohazard-prone areas 115 P. Jeanjean, K. Hampson, T. Evans, E. Liedtke & E.C. Clukey Offshore site investigations: new frontiers 145 H.J. Kolk & J. Wegerif Deepwater developments: drag and plate anchors Influence of anchor geometry and soil properties on numerical modeling of drag anchor behavior in soft clay 165 R.M. Ruinen The effect of interface friction on the performance of drag-in plate anchors 171 S. Elkhatib & M.F. Randolph Proposed upper bound analysis for drag embedment anchors in soft clay 179 C.P. Aubeny, B.M. Kim & J.D. Murff Ultimate pullout capacity of SBM’s VErtically Loaded Plate Anchor (VELPA) in deep sea sediments 185 P.Y. Foray, S. Alhayari, E. Pons, L. Thorel, N. Thetiot, S. Bale & E. Flavigny V Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK Effects of long term loading on storm capacity of vertically loaded anchors 191 H.A. Taiebat, C.P. Thorne & J.P. Carter An experimental and numerical study of rate effects for plate anchors in clay 197 M.J. Rattley, B.M. Lehane, D.J. Richards & C. Gaudin Vertical pullout behavior of plate anchors in uniform clay 205 Z. Song & Y. Hu Pullout capacity of circular plate anchors in double-layered clays 213 J. Liu, Y. Hu & L. Wu The use of inflatable anchors in offshore sandy soils 221 T.A. Newson, F.W. Smith & P. Brunning Deepwater developments: suction caissons Suction caisson soil displacement during installation 229 E.C. Clukey Lessons learned from several suction caisson installation projects in clay 235 Y.C. Lee, J.M.E. Audibert & K.-M. Tjok Centrifuge tests on axial capacity of suction caissons in clay 243 W. Chen & M.F. Randolph Evaluation of recovery of wall friction after penetration of skirts with laboratory and field tests 251 Y. Yoshida, N. Masui & M. Ito Study of sand heave formation in suction caissons using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 259 M.N. Tran, M.F. Randolph & D.W. Airey Electrokinetic and electrochemical stabilization of caissons in calcareous sand 267 A. Rittirong, J.Q. Shang, M.A. Ismail & M.F. Randolph Vertical uplift capacity of suction caisson in clay 273 L. Thorel, J. Garnier, G. Rault & A. Bisson Capacity of suction caissons under inclined loading in normally consolidated clay 281 R.M. El-Sherbiny, R.E. Olson, R.B. Gilbert & S.K. Vanka A failure surface for caisson foundations in undrained soils 289 H.A. Taiebat & J.P. Carter Parametric finite element analyses of suction anchors 297 L. Zdravkovic & D.M. Potts Centrifuge modelling of suction piles in clay 303 R.D. Raines, O. Ugaz & J. Garnier Establishing a model testing capability for deep water foundation systems 309 K.S. Prakasha, H.A. Joer & M.F. Randolph Reliability-based design considerations for deepwater mooring system foundations 317 R.B. Gilbert, Y.J. Choi, S. Dangayach & S.S. Najjar VI Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK Validation of the use of beam-column method for suction caisson design 325 J. Cao, Y. Li, K.-M. Tjok & J.M.E. Audibert Validation of the use of finite element method for suction caisson design 333 J. Cao, J.M.E. Audibert, K.-M. Tjok & M.K. Hossain Developments in the Australian frontiers Geotechnical interpretation for the Yolla A Platform 343 P.G. Watson & C. Humpheson Preloading of drag anchors in carbonate sediments 351 S.R. Neubecker, M.P. O’Neill & C.T. Erbrich The geotechnical performance of Deep Penetrating Anchors in calcareous sand 357 M.D. Richardson, C.D. O’Loughlin & M.F. Randolph Seabed geotechnical characterisation with a ball penetrometer deployed from the Portable Remotely Operated Drill 365 P.J. Kelleher & M.F. Randolph Static and cyclic behavior of laterally loaded piles in calcareous sand 373 W.D. Guo & B.T. Zhu Foundation solutions for offshore wind turbines Design aspects of monopiles in German offshore wind farms 383 K. Lesny & J. Wiemann Finite element modelling of horizontally loaded monopile foundations for offshore wind energy converters in Germany 391 K. Abdel-Rahman & M. Achmus Tripods with suction caissons as foundations for offshore wind turbines on sand 397 M. Senders The tensile capacity of suction caissons in sand under rapid loading 405 G.T. Houlsby, R.B. Kelly & B.W. Byrne Moment loading of caissons installed in saturated sand 411 F.A. Villalobos, B.W. Byrne & G.T. Houlsby The theoretical modelling of a suction caisson foundation using hyperplasticity theory 417 L. Nguyen-Sy & G.T. Houlsby Shallow foundations: vertical bearing capacity Bearing capacity of parallel strip footings on non-homogeneous clay 427 C.M. Martin & E.C.J. Hazell Study on bearing behaviors of foundations on multi-layer subsoil 435 F.F. Yuan, M.T. Luan & S.W. Yan Numerical study of shallow foundations on calcareous sand 443 N. Yamamoto, M.F. Randolph & I. Einav VII Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK Undrained bearing capacity of shallow foundations on structured soils 451 D.S. Liyanapathirana & J.P. Carter An investigation into the vertical bearing capacity of perforated mudmats 459 D.J. White, A.J. Maconochie, C.Y. Cheuk, M.D. Bolton, D. Joray & S.M. Springman Shallow foundations: combined loading Yield loci for shallow foundations by ‘swipe’testing 469 G. Gottardi, L. Govoni & R. Butterfield Investigating 6 degree-of-freedom loading on shallow foundations 477 B.W. Byrne & G.T. Houlsby Single surface hardening model – a system law to describe the foundation-soil interaction 483 A. Kisse & K. Lesny Bearing capacity of strip footings subjected to complex loading 491 L. Thorel, A.-H. Soubra, J. Garnier & R. Assaf Numerical analysis of bearing capacity of foundation under combined loading 499 S.F. Zhao, M. Luan & A-Z. Lu Centrifuge tests on improving offshore foundation systems 507 H.G.B. Allersma Shallow foundations: mobile jack-up units Extraction of jackup spudcan foundations 517 O.A. Purwana, C.F. Leung, Y.K. Chow & K.S. Foo Numerical simulation of the breakout process of an object at the ocean bottom 523 X.X. Zhou, Y.K. Chow & C.F. Leung Spudcan penetration in sand overlying clay 529 K.L. Teh, C.F. Leung & Y.K. Chow Punch-through of spudcan foundations in two-layer clay 535 M.S. Hossain, Y. Hu, M.F. Randolph & D.J. White Influence of jack-up operation adjacent to a piled structure 543 D.P. Stewart FE modelling of spudcan – pipeline interaction 551 L. Kellezi, G. Kudsk & P.B. Hansen Jack-up footing penetration and fixity analyses 559 L. Kellezi, H.W.L. Hofstede & P.B. Hansen Breakwater caissons and liquifaction Performance of caisson breakwater subjected to breaking wave loads 569 X.Y. Zhang, C.F. Leung & F.H. Lee An interaction model for seismic stability analysis of caisson type structure 577 H. Hazarika VIII Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK Progressive ocean wave modelling in drum centrifuge 583 F.P. Gao & M.F. Randolph Numerical analysis of dynamic response of seabed under random wave loading 589 Z. Wang, M. Luan, Z. Liu & D. Wang Pipelines The performance of pipeline ploughs in layered soils 597 M.F. Bransby, G.J. Yun, D.R. Morrow & P. Brunning Physical and numerical modelling of lateral buckling of a pipeline in very soft clay 607 J.R.M.S. Oliveira, M.S.S. Almeida, M.C.F. Almeida, R.G. Borges, C.S. Amaral & A.M. Costa Bearing capacity and large penetration of a cylindrical object at shallow embedment 615 E.R. Barbosa-Cruz & M.F. Randolph Stability design of untrenched pipelines – geotechnical aspects 623 J. Zhang & C.T. Erbrich Pipeline-seabed interaction analysis subjected to horizontal cyclic loading 629 T. Takatani A numerical model of onset of scour below offshore pipelines subject to steady currents 637 D. Liang & L. Cheng Arctic seabed ice gouging and large sub-gouge deformations 645 A.C. Palmer, I. Konuk, A.W. Niedoroda, K. Been & K.R. Croasdale Model tests to simulate riser-soil interaction in touchdown point region 651 E.C. Clukey, L. Haustermans & R. Dyvik Capacity of piles in sand Results from axial load tests on pipe piles in very dense sands: the EURIPIDES JIP 661 H.J. Kolk, A.E. Baaijens & P. Vergobbi CPT-based design method for steel pipe piles driven in very dense silica sands compared to the Euripides pile load test results 669 P.Y. Foray & J.-L. Colliat Bearing capacity of driven piles in sand, the NGI approach 677 C.J.F. Clausen, P.M. Aas & K. Karlsrud The UWA-05 method for prediction of axial capacity of driven piles in sand 683 B.M. Lehane, J.A. Schneider & X. Xu An updated assessment of the ICP pile capacity procedures 691 R.J. Jardine, F.C. Chow, J.R. Standing, R.F. Overy, E. Saldivar-Moguel, C. Strick van Linschoten & A. Ridgway A general framework for shaft resistance on displacement piles in sand 697 D.J. White Field research into the effects of time on the shaft capacity of piles driven in sand 705 R.J. Jardine, J.R. Standing & F.C. Chow IX Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK Design criteria for pipe piles in silica sands 711 H.J. Kolk, A.E. Baaijens & M. Senders Estimating the end bearing resistance of pipe piles in sand using the final filling ratio 717 K. Gavin & B.M. Lehane Evaluation of end-bearing capacity of open-ended piles driven in sand from CPT data 725 X. Xu, B.M. Lehane & J.A. Schneider Evaluation of end-bearing capacity of closed-ended pile in sand from cone penetration data 733 X. Xu & B.M. Lehane The influence of effective area ratio on shaft friction of displacement piles in sand 741 D.J. White, J.A. Schneider & B.M. Lehane A centrifuge study of the monotonic and cyclic resistance of piles and pile groups in sand 749 C. Gaudin, B.M. Lehane & P.F. Wallis Correlations for shaft capacity of offshore piles in sand 757 J.A. Schneider & B.M. Lehane Axial load tests on pipe piles in very dense sands at Ras Tanajib 765 H.J. Kolk, A.E. Baaijens, K.A. Shafei & O.A. Dakhil Piles Bearing capacity of driven piles in clay, the NGI approach 775 K. Karlsrud, C.J.F. Clausen & P.M. Aas Lateral pile design of the Ursa tension leg platform 783 E.H. Doyle, E.T. Richard Dean & J.A. Newlin Case study on soil plugging of open-ended steel pipe piles in Tokyo Bay 791 T. Matsumoto & P. Kitiyodom Foundation capacity of piled offshore platforms 799 N. Morgan, I.M.S. Finnie, G. Stewart & J.L. Price Soil characterization for consistent reliability in the Load and Resistance Factor Design of pile foundations 807 K.C. Foye & R. Salgado Buckling considerations in pile design 815 S. Bhattacharya, T.M. Carrington & T.R. Aldridge Propagation of pile tip damage during installation 823 T.R. Aldridge, T.M. Carrington &N.R. Kee One dimensional wave propagation analysis of an open-ended pipe pile with consideration of the excess pore pressure in soil plug 829 T. Matsumoto, T. Wakisaka & A. Numata Simplified analysis of single pile subjected to dynamic active and passive loadings 837 P. Kitiyodom, R. Sonoda & T. Matsumoto Simplified dynamic analysis of pile group subjected to horizontal loading 845 R. Sonoda, P. Kitiyodom & T. Matsumoto X Copyright © 2005 Taylor & Francis Group plc, London, UK