From Solidarity to Martial Law: The Polish Crisis of 1980–1981 A Documentary History NATIONAL SECURITY ARCHIVE COLD WAR READERS Series Editor MALCOLM BYRNE Previously published: THE PRAgUE SPRINg ‘68 UPRISINg IN EAST gERMANY, 1953 THE 1956 HUNgARIAN REVOLUTION A CARDBOARD CASTLE? From Solidarity to Martial Law: The Polish Crisis of 1980–1981 A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY Edited by ANDRZEJ PACZKOWSKI and MALCOLM BYRNE Associate Editors gREgORY F. DOMBER MAgDALENA KLOTZBACH Central European University Press Budapest New York ©2007 by Andrzej Paczkowski and Malcolm Byrne Published in 2007 by Central European University Press An imprint of the Central European University Share Company Nádor utca 11, H-1051 Budapest, Hungary Tel: +36-1-327-3138 or 327-3000 Fax: +36-1-327-3183 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.ceupress.com 400 West 59th Street, New York NY 10019, USA Tel: +1-212-547-6932 Fax: +1-646-557-246 E-mail: [email protected] All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the permission of the Publisher. ISBN 963-7326-84-7 cloth 978-963-7326-84-4 ISSN 1587-2416 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data From Solidarity to martial law : the Polish crisis of 1980-1981 : a documentary history / edited by Andrzej Paczkowski and Malcolm Byrne ; associate editors, gregory F. Domber, Magdalena Klotzbach. — 1st ed. p. cm. — (National Security Archive Cold War readers) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 9637326847 1. Poland—Politics and government—1980–1989—Sources. 2. NSZZ “Solidarnosc” (Labor or- ganization)—History—Sources. I. Paczkowski, Andrzej, 1938– II. Byrne, Malcolm. III. Domber, gregory F., 1974– IV. Klotzbach, Magdalena. V. Title. VI. Series. DK4442.F76 2006 943.805’6—dc22 2006034150 Printed in Hungary by Akadémiai Nyomda, Budapest Table of Contents Foreword by Lech Wałęsa xiii Editors’ Preface and Acknowledgments xvii Acronyms and Abbreviations xxiii Chronology of Events xxviii “The Polish Crisis: Internal and International Dimensions” Andrzej Paczkowski and Malcolm Byrne 1 PART ONE—THE BIRTH OF SOLIDARITY Document No. 1: 47 Protocol No. 13 of PUWP CC Politburo Meeting, July 18, 1980 Document No. 2: 50 Extract from Protocol No. 210 of CPSU CC Politburo Meeting, August 25, 1980 Document No. 3: 51 Cardinal Wyszyński’s Sermon at Jasna góra Following the Outbreak of Strikes, with Reactions, August 26–28, 1980 Document No. 4: 57 Protocol of PUWP CC Politburo Meeting, August 27, 1980 Document No. 5: 64 CPSU CC Politburo Commission Order to Enhance Readiness of Military Units for Possible Use in Poland, August 28, 1980 Document No. 6: 66 The Szczecin Agreement, August 30, 1980 Document No. 7: 70 The gdańsk Agreement, August 31, 1980 Document No. 8: 81 President Carter’s Letter to Allies on Poland, September 1, 1980 Document No. 9: 83 CPSU CC Politburo Report on Topics for Discussion with the Polish Leadership, September 3, 1980 Document No. 10: 87 Special Coordination Committee, Summary of Conclusions, “Meeting on Poland,” with Attachment, September 23, 1980 v PART TWO—FRATERNAL ASSISTANCE Document No. 11: 93 Transcript of Bulgarian (BCP CC) Politburo Meeting, October 21, 1980 Document No. 12: 101 Solidarity National Coordinating Commission Statement on Union Registration, October 24, 1980 Document No. 13: 103 Protocol of PUWP CC Secretariat Meeting, October 25, 1980 Document No. 14: 119 Transcript of Bulgarian (BCP CC) Politburo Meeting, October 25, 1980 Document No. 15: 123 Transcript of CPSU CC Politburo Meeting, October 29, 1980 Document No. 16: 129 Transcript of CPSU CC Politburo Meeting, October 31, 1980 Document No. 17: 132 Letter from Leonid Brezhnev to Erich Honecker, November 4, 1980 Document No. 18: 134 Letter from Erich Honecker to Leonid Brezhnev, November 26, 1980 Document No. 19: 136 Report of the Czechoslovak Army Chief of Staff to the Minister of National Defense, December 3, 1980 Document No. 20: 138 CIA Alert Memorandum, “Poland,” December 3, 1980 Document No. 21: 139 Message from Ryszard Kukliński on Impending Warsaw Pact Invasion, December 4, 1980 Document No. 22: 141 Minutes of Warsaw Pact Leadership Meeting in Moscow, December 5, 1980 Document No. 23: 162 Minutes of U.S. Special Coordination Committee Meeting, December 7, 1980 Document No. 24: 165 CIA Situation Report, “Poland,” December 8, 1980 Document No. 25: 167 Transcript of CPSU CC Politburo Meeting, December 11, 1980 PART THREE—FROM CRISIS TO CRISIS Document No. 26: 171 Protocol of Meeting of Leading Aktiv Members of Ministry of Internal Affairs, January 5, 1981 vi Document No. 27: 176 CPSU CC Instructions to the Soviet Ambassador Concerning Lech Wałęsa Visit to Italy, January 14, 1981 Document No. 28: 180 PUWP CC Report on Leonid Zamyatin’s Visit to Katowice, January 16, 1981 Document No. 29: 184 Transcript of CPSU CC Politburo Meeting, January 22, 1981 Document No. 30: 188 Supplement No. 1 to PUWP CC Politburo Protocol No. 657 Analyzing the Intentions of Solidarity, January 26, 1981 Document No. 31: 193 National Intelligence Estimate (NIE 12.6–81), “Poland’s Prospects over the Next Six Months,” January 27, 1981 Document No. 32: 212 Solidarity National Coordinating Commission, “Statement on the Current Social and Political Situation,” circa February 1981 Document No. 33: 215 Supplement No. 2 to PUWP CC Politburo Protocol No. 69, February 6, 1981 Document No. 34: 218 Memorandum of Conversation between Erich Honecker and Fidel Castro, February 28, 1981 Document No. 35: 221 Transcript of CPSU CC Politburo Meeting, March 12, 1981 Document No. 36: 223 Polish Ministry of Internal Affairs Duty Report on Preparations for Martial Law, March 16, 1981 Document No. 37: 226 Protocol No. 82 from PUWP CC Politburo Meeting, March 25, 1981 Document No. 38: 234 Transcript of CPSU CC Politburo Meeting, March 26, 1981 PART FOUR—SEARCH FOR A “POLISH SOLUTION” Document No. 39: 239 Transcript of CPSU CC Politburo Meeting, April 2, 1981 Document No. 40: 245 CIA Alert Memorandum, “Poland,” April 3, 1981 Document No. 41: 246 East german Report of Discussion with Marshal Viktor Kulikov, April 7, 1981 vii Document No. 42: 255 Brezhnev’s Speech to CPCz CC Politburo, April 7, 1981 Document No. 43: 259 Transcript of CPSU CC Politburo Meeting, April 9, 1981 Document No. 44: 265 Transcript of CPSU CC Politburo Meeting, April 16, 1981 Document No. 45: 267 Extract from Protocol No. 7 from CPSU CC Politburo Meeting, April 23, 1981 Document No. 46: 273 Message from Ryszard Kukliński to CIA, April 26, 1981 Document No. 47: 275 Transcript of CPSU CC Politburo Meeting, April 30, 1981 Document No. 48: 278 Informational Memorandum from the L’vov District Secretary to the CPUkr Central Committee, May 7, 1981 Document No. 49: 280 Memorandum of Meeting between Leonid Brezhnev, Erich Honecker, gustáv Husák et al, in Moscow, May 16, 1981 Document No. 50: 294 CPSU CC Letter to the PUWP CC, June 5, 1981 Document No. 51: 299 Transcript of PUWP CC Politburo Meeting during Break in CC Session, June 10, 1981 Document No. 52: 304 Memorandum from Ronald I. Spiers to the Secretary of State, “Polish Resistance to Soviet Intervention,” June 15, 1981 Document No. 53: 307 Transcript of CPSU CC Politburo Meeting on Brezhnev–Kania Conversation, June 18, 1981 Document No. 54: 310 CIA National Intelligence Daily, “USSR–Poland: Polish Military Attitudes,” June 20, 1981 Document No. 55: 312 Information on Andrei gromyko’s Talks with the PUWP Leadership, July 3–5, 1981 Document No. 56: 315 Report to HSWP CC Politburo with Verbatim Transcript of July 21 Telephone Conversation between Kania and Brezhnev, July 22, 1981 Document No. 57: 319 Notes of Solidarity National Coordinating Commission Conference in gdańsk, July 24, 1981 viii Document No. 58: 330 Record of Brezhnev–Honecker Meeting in the Crimea, August 3, 1981 Document No. 59: 334 PUWP CC Assessment of Public Attitudes toward Solidarity, August 17, 1981 Document No. 60: 342 Information on Brezhnev Meeting with Kania and Jaruzelski on August 14, 1981, August 22, 1981 Document No. 61: 348 Transcript of CPSU CC Politburo Meeting, September 10, 1981 Document No. 62: 350 Protocol No. 002/81 of Meeting of the Homeland Defense Committee, September 13, 1981 Document No. 63: 357 CPSU CC Communication to the PUWP CC, “Intensifying Anti-Soviet Feelings in Poland,” September 14, 1981 Document No. 64: 360 Information on Brezhnev–Kania Telephone Conversation, September 15, 1981 Document No. 65: 363 Message from Ryszard Kukliński to CIA, September 15, 1981 Document No. 66: 365 Letter from HSWP CC Signed by Kádár to PUWP CC via Kania, September 17, 1981 Document No. 67: 368 Excerpt from CPSU CC Politburo Meeting Regarding Brezhnev–Kania Conversation, September 17, 1981 Document No. 68: 370 Report to the HSWP CC Politburo by the Hungarian Ambassador to Warsaw, September 18, 1981 Document No. 69: 375 PUWP CC, “Instructions on the More Important Activities of the Party, Organs of Power and State Administration,” September 18, 1981 PART FIVE—FINAL PREPARATIONS Document No. 70: 387 Czesław Kiszczak’s Notes for October 5 Politburo Meeting, October 4, 1981 Document No. 71: 392 Notes of Brezhnev–Jaruzelski Telephone Conversation, October 19, 1981 ix