Gerhard Ernst / Jakob Steinbrenner / Oliver R. Scholz (Eds.) From Logic to Art Themes from Nelson Goodman P h i l o s o p h i s c h e F o r s c h u n g P h i l o s o p h i c a l R e s e a r c h Herausgegeben von / Edited by Johannes Brandl • Andreas Kemmerling Wolfgang Künne • Mark Textor Band 7 / Volume 7 Gerhard Ernst / Jakob Steinbrenner Oliver R. Scholz (Eds.) From Logic to Art Themes from Nelson Goodman Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliographie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the Internet at http://dnb.ddb.de North and South America by Transaction Books Rutgers University Piscataway, NJ 08854-8042 [email protected] United Kingdom, Ireland, Iceland, Turkey, Malta, Portugal by Gazelle Books Services Limited White Cross Mills Hightown LANCASTER, LA1 4XS [email protected] Livraison pour la France et la Belgique: Librairie Philosophique J.Vrin 6, place de la Sorbonne ; F-75005 PARIS Tel. +33 (0)1 43 54 03 47 ; Fax +33 (0)1 43 54 48 18 www.vrin.fr 2009 ontos verlag P.O. Box 15 41, D-63133 Heusenstamm www.ontosverlag.com ISBN: 978-3-86838-019-4 2009 No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in retrieval systems or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use of the purchaser of the work Printed on acid-free paper ISO-Norm 970-6 FSC-certified (Forest Stewardship Council) This hardcover binding meets the International Library standard Printed in Germany by buch bücher dd ag Preface Nelson Goodman was born on August 7th 1906 in Somerville, Massachusetts. When he died on November 25th 1998 at the age of 92 in Needham, Massachusetts, the world lost one of its great philosophers. In August 2006 a couple of Goodman aficionados met in Munich to celebrate the Centennial. The proceedings of the ensuing international conference Nelson Goodman: From Logic to Art – Looking Back on the Occasion of his 100th Birthday are documented in this volume. The conference was organized by the editors and carried out in the Seminar for Philosophy, Logic and Philosophy of Science at Ludwig Maximilians University Munich. We want to thank Godehard Link for his organizational support and the University for its hospitality. Alexander Oldemeier and Philipp Richter provided invaluable help in preparing the manuscripts for publication. We are very much indebted to them. Last, but not least we want to thank the contributors for their lectures at the conference and, of course, for their papers. The contributions in this volume attest the fact that Goodman’s thinking holds many treasures waiting for being digged up. May they inspire further research. Gerhard Ernst Jakob Steinbrenner Oliver R. Scholz SA: The Structure of Appearance, third edition, Dordrecht 1977 (first edition 1951) FFF: Fact, Fiction, Forecast, fourth edition, Cambridge, Mass. 1983 (first edition 1954) LA: Languages of Art: An Approach to a Theory of Symbols, second edition, Indianapolis, Ind. 1976 (first edition 1968) PP: Problems and Projects, Indianapolis 1972 WW: Ways of Worldmaking, second printing 1981, Indianapolis 1978 MM: Of Mind and Other Matters, Cambridge, Mass. 1984 R: N. Goodman u. C.Z. Elgin: Reconceptions in Philosophy and Other Arts and Sciences, Indianapolis 1988 Contents Oliver R. Scholz The Life and Opinions of Nelson Goodman – A Very Short Introduction 1 Daniel Cohnitz The Unity of Goodman’s Thought 33 Marcus Rossberg Leonard, Goodman, and the Development of the Calculus of Individuals 51 Wolfgang Heydrich Counterfactuals beyond Paradox 71 Ansgar Seide Contextualist References in Nelson Goodman’s Solution to the “New Riddle of Induction” 121 Karl-Georg Niebergall On “About”: Definitions and Principles 137 Richard Schantz Goodman on Truth 171 Thomas Splett How Much of a Relativist Is Goodman? 191 Mark Textor Exemplification and Idealisation 207 Inga Vermeulen, Georg Brun, Christoph Baumberger Five Ways of (not) Defining Exemplification 219 Jakob Steinbrenner Art-Samples. On the Connection between Art and Science 251 Remei Capdevila Werning Nelson Goodman’s Autographic-Allographic Distinction in Architecture: The Case of Mies van der Rohe’s Barcelona Pavilion 269 Christoph Baumberger Ambiguity in Architecture 293 Sabine Ammon Language of Architecture. Some Reflections on Nelson Goodman’s Theory of Symbols 321 Axel Spree Fiction, Truth, and Knowledge 329 Contributors 345 Oliver R. Scholz The Life and Opinions of Nelson Goodman 1 – A Very Short Introduction Abstract Nelson Goodman was an eminent philosopher and a passionate art collector. The first section of this introductory essay provides some biographical information with special emphasis on Goodman's education and academic career. The second part gives a survey of his major works and highlights their most distinctive contributions. The final section throws a glance at the still imperfect reception of his rich legacy. 1. Life Nelson Goodman was one of the outstanding thinkers of the 20th century. In a memorial note in the Harvard University Gazette (1998), Hilary Putnam considers him to be “one of the two or three greatest analytic philosophers of the post-World War II period”.2 Goodman has left his mark in many fields of philosophical investigation. Whether Epistemology, Philosophy of Science, Logic, Metaphysics, the General Theory of Symbols, Philosophy of Language or Philosophy of Art, all have been challenged and enriched by the problems he has shown up, the projects he developed from them and the solutions he has suggested. Non-philosophical disciplines, too, – from measurement theory (cf. e.g. Grunstra 1972) to linguistics (cf. e.g. Heydrich 1982, 1993), literary criticism (cf. e.g. Scholz 1984; Ihwe 1985; Thürnau 1994) and art education – build on his findings. In further fields we may yet expect his ideas to be taken up. 1 This is a revised and extended version of (Scholz 2005). I am grateful to Morton G. White, Catherine Z. Elgin, Henry S. Leonard, Jr., Karlheinz Lüdeking, Daniel Cohnitz and Marcus Rossberg for personal communication and advice. For his translation of my German text I want to thank Rudolf Owen Müllan (Hughes). A much more comprehensive and thorough introduction in Goodman’s philosophy is now available in (Cohnitz; Rossberg 2006). 2 Quoted in (Cohnitz; Rossberg 2006, 11).