FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES Proceedings of the Joint FEFG/ICF International Conference on Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures (Singapore, 6 -8 August 1991) ORGANIZING COMMITTEE SHTeoh YHLoo KHLee KCGOng YTChew CTTam MOLai AOTay KYLam TETay SCLim SKTing INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE ASArgon R McMeel<ing MFAshby S Nemat -Nasser D Corderoy LV Nikitin B Cotterell WDNix AG Evans ROhtani D Francois HOkamura L B Freund V ZParton J R Griffiths A Pineau CCHsiao PRamaRao J W Hutchinson J R Rice KCHwang R 0 Ritchie RJones LRFRose HHKausch H P Rossmanith WG Knauss M Sakata J F Knott C FShih H Kobayashi K Takahashi HLiebowitz DMRTaplin CTLiu TYokobori YWMai Acknowledgement is made to C F Shih and L Cheng for the use of the figure which appears on the front cover of the Proceedings. FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES Edited by S H TEOH and K H LEE Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore ELSEVIER APPLIED SCIENCE LONDONandN@NYORK ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD Crown House, Linton Road, Barking, Essex IG11 8JU, England Sale Distributor in the USA and Canada ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHING CO., INC. 655 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10010, USA © ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD 1991 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Joint FEFG/ICF International Conference on Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures (1991 -Singapore) 1. Fracture I. Teoh S H II. Lee K H ISBN 1-85166-672-9 The selection and presentation of material and the opinions expressed are the sole responsibility of the author(s) concerned. Special regulations for readers in the USA This publication has been registered with the Copyright Clearence Centre Inc. (CCC), Salem, Massachusetts. Information can be obtained from the CCC about conditions under which photocopies of parts of this publication may be made in the USA. All other copyright questions, including photocopying outside of the USA, should be referred to the publisher. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. PREFACE Recent advances in the field of fracture of engineering materials and structures have increasingly indicated its multidisciplinary nature. This area of research now involves scientists and engineers who work in materials science, applied mathematics and mechanics, and also computer scientists. The present volume, which contains the Proceedings of the Joint FEFG/lCF International Conference on Fracture of Engineering Materials and Structures held in Singapore from the 6th to 8th of August 1991, is a testimony of this multidisciplinary nature. This International Conference was the Second Symposium of the Far East Fracture Group (FEFG) and thus provided a unique opportunity for researchers and engineers in the Far East region to exchange and acquire knowledge of new advances and applications in fracture. The Conference was also the Inter-Quadrennial International Conference on Fracture (ICF) for 1991 and thus appealed to researchers in the international arena who wished to take advantage of this meeting to present their findings. The Conference has brought together over 130 participants from more than 24 countries, and they represented government and industrial research laboratories as well as academic institutions. It has thus achieved its objective of bringing together scientists and engineers with different backgrounds and perspectives but with .a common interest in new developments in the fracture of engineering materials and structures. This volume contains 4 keynote papers, 4 invited papers and 130 contributed papers. The keynote papers cover a broad spectrum of research from the fracture of multi-layered materials and brittle matrix composites to the fracture of polymers at interfaces and an overview of recent Japanese research on ductile fracture. The invited papers and the contributed papers, which have been grouped into 14 sections, also reflected a broad range of research activities. The papers clearly indicated that research into the fracture of composites, bimaterials and ceramics is still growing at a rapid pace. In particular, interfacial fracture mechanics would continue to attract the interest of researchers for many more years. v This International Conference would not have been possible had it not been for the kind help and assistance from the Executive Committee members of the Far East Fracture Group and the Council members of the International Congress on Fracture. Thanks are due to the members of the International Honorary Advisory Committee and the Organizing Committee for their generous help and advice throughout the preparations for the Conference. The strong support provided by the secretarial staff of the Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, National University of Singapore, and the encouragement from the Head of the Department, Associate Professor Poo Aun Neow, are deeply appreciated. The success of the Conference and the publication of this volume was not only the result of the hard work of all the members of the Organizing Committee but also that of BAC Printers for its editorial work, Applied Research Corporation for its help in the Conference logistics, Diners World Travel for looking after accommodation and travel related matters, and Elsevier Science Publishers for its advice on publishing requirements. Finally, thanks are due to all the contributors for their careful preparation of the manuscripts in camera-ready form. This method has its typographical limitations. However, it is hoped that they will not distract the reader in any way. SHTeoh KHLee August 1991 Singapore vi CONTENTS Preface v KEYNOTE PAPERS Some Mechanics Problems of Multi-Layered Materials 3 C.F. Shih The Mechanical Properties of Brittle Matrix Composites 13 A.G. Evans Ductile Fracture Behavior near the Crack-Tip 23 -An Overview of Recent Japanese Research M. Sakata Fracture of Polymers at Interfaces 29 H.H. Kausch and W.J. Cantwell INVITED PAPERS Mixed-Mode Interfacial Fracture Mechanics 41 C.F. Shih and L. Cheng New Insights on Interfacial Fracture Mechanics 51 W. Yang A Theory of Fatigue Crack Initiation 57 T. Mura, S. Qin and H. Fan Stress Intensity Distributions around Surface Flaws in Motor Grain 69 Geometries C.w. Smith and L. Wang FRACTURE OF METALLIC MATERIALS Study on the Ductile Fracture of Aluminium Alloy 77 M. Kikuchi and H. Miyamoto vii Fracture Toughness Transition Curve Shape for Ferritic Structural 83 Steels K.Wallin Fracture Initiation and Steady Crack Propagation of 89 Elastic-Plastic Material in Plane-Stress Case T. Zhuang and Z.F. Wang Fracture Toughness of Double Austenitized AISI M2 High Speed Tool 99 Steel E. Tekin and B. agel Elastic-Plastic Asymptotic Solution for Crack under Triaxial 107 Stress Constraint W.L. Guo and XJ. Fu Influence of Nickel on the Fracture Behaviour of Fe-O.2C Alloy 113 M. Srinivas, G. Malakondaiah and P. Rama Rao Fracture Toughness Simulation of Low Alloy Steel 119 M. Ayoub, H. Hamed and M. EI-Nagar Effects of Cooling Rate on Fracture Toughness 125 M.a. Lai, H.S. Fong and W.Y. Lee Dynamic Fracture Study on CrNiMoV Alloy Steel under Different Heat 130 Treatments and Impact Rates Y.E. Sun, K.H. Lee and T.E. Tay A Study of Fracture Behaviour of Steel in Metal Cutting 139 HZ. Wu and Z.W. Chen FRACTURE OF COMPOSITES AND POLYMERS On the Fibre Pullout and Pushin Problem in Composite Materials 147 with Controlled Interfaces M.G. Lau and Y.W. Mai Crack Tip Plasticity in Unidirectional Metal Matrix Composites 153 S. Venkatakrishnaiah, M.W. Kennett, RA. Dupuy and L.R. Dharani Stiffness Change and R-Curve Behaviour due to Matrix Cracking in 159 Off-Axis Plies of Glass/Epoxy Laminates P. Lee-Sullivan and A. Poursartip viii The Influence of Loading Rate on the Strength of Composite 165 Materials CR. Chiang Stresses of Composite Laminates Containing Holes and Cracks 170 H.Y. Yeh and MD. Le A Probabilistic Approach to Tensile Fracture of Composites with 176 Holes K.Y. Lin and M.C. Cheng The Effect of Ductile Innerlayer on the Fatigue and Transverse 182 Tensile Behavior of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Materials MB.Hsu Fatigue of an Aluminium Alloy Reinforced with Oxide Ceramic 188 Microspheres M J. Couper, BR. Crawford,] R. Griffiths and K. Xia Influence of Microstructure on Cyclic Stress Response and Cyclic 194 Fracture Behavior of Aluminium Alloy Metal-Matrix Composite T.S. Srivatsan, R. Auradkar, A. Prakash and £J. Lavernia Effects of InternallResidual Stresses on the Crack-Tip Failure 203 Micromechanisms of Engineering Materials I.M. Low and X.S. Li Static and Fatigue Damage Progression in Graphite Fibre Reinforced 209 Peek F. Aymerich, F. Ginesu, P. Priolo and s.w. Ming The Fatigue Crack Propagation Behaviour of Short Carbon Fibre 215 Reinforced PEEK Composites K.S. Saib, W.J. Evans and D.H. Isaac Applicability of Fracture-Based and Strength-Based Criteria to 221 Debonding in Fibrous Composites C.Y. Yue and W.L. Cheung Deformation and Fracture related to Friction and Wear of Aluminium 228 Alloy (2014)-50 Vol% Graphite Particle Composites YB.Liu Effects of Temperature and Humidity on Fracture Behavior of 237 Thermoplastic Film K. Kishimoto, M. Notomi and T. Koizumi ix Creep Rupture Modelling of Polyacetal 243 S.H. Teoh and W. Michaeli An Investigation of Damage Accumulation in 251 Cross-Ply Glass/Epoxy Laminates K.H. Leong and J.E. King Effects of Rate and Temperature on the Impact Fracture Toughness 257 of Short Fibre Reinforced Plastics I.M.LowandX.s.Li FRACTURE OF BIMATERIALS & ELECTRONIC MATERIALS Mixed-Mode Fracture Analysis of Debonding and Matrix Crack 265 Processes by the Virtual Crack Closure Method F.G. Buchholz Three-Dimensional Fracture Analysis of a Thin Film on a Rigid 271 Substrate T.Nakamura Stress Concentration Prediction at a Fracture Site in Composite 277 Bimaterial Plates under Axial Load A. Harrison A Method for Evaluating the Lower Bound of Thermal Fatigue Life 283 in Microelectronic Package Metals R. Ohtani and T. Kitamura A Penny-Shaped Crack at a Transversely Isotropic Bimaterial 289 Interface Y. Wang andR.KND. Rajapakse A Rigid Line Inclusion between Dissimilar Media 295 C.P. Jiang and C.T. Liu FRACTURE OF CERAMICS AND CONCRETE Theoretical Modeling of Fracture Toughness of Fiber Reinforced 303 Ceramics A.A. Rubinstein An Evaluation of Static Fatigue Characteristics of Glass Ceramics 309 in Water Y. Kimura, T. Yagasaki, M. Ito and M. Watanabe x