FourthEzra and SecondBaruch Supplements to the Journal for the Study of Judaism Editor BenjaminG.Wright,III DepartmentofReligionStudies,LehighUniversity AssociateEditors HindyNajman DepartmentofReligiousStudies,YaleUniversity EibertJ.C.Tigchelaar FacultyofTheologyandReligiousStudies,KULeuven AdvisoryBoard a.m.berlin–k.berthelot–r.bloch– g.bohak–j.j.collins–j.duhaime–k.hogan– p.w.vanderhorst–o.irshai–a.k.petersen–s.mason– j.h.newman–m.r.niehoff–m.popović–i.rosen-zvi– j.t.a.g.m.vanruiten–m.segal–j.sievers–g.stemberger– l.t.stuckenbruck–j.c.devos VOLUME164 Thetitlespublishedinthisseriesarelistedatbrill.com/jsjs Fourth Ezra and Second Baruch Reconstruction after the Fall Editedby MatthiasHenze GabrieleBoccaccini WiththeCollaborationof 
JasonM.Zurawski LEIDEN•BOSTON 2013 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData FourthEzraandSecondBaruch:reconstructionafterthefall/editedbyMatthiasHenze,Gabriele Boccaccini,withthecollaborationofJasonM.Zurawski. pagescm.–(SupplementstotheJournalforthestudyofJudaism,ISSN1384-2161;volume164) Includesindex. ISBN978-90-04-25867-9(hardback:alk.paper)–ISBN978-90-04-25881-5(e-book) 1.Bible.Apocrypha.Esdras,2nd–Criticism,interpretation,etc.2.SyriacApocalypseof Baruch–Criticism,interpretation,etc.I.Henze,Matthias,editorofcompilation. BS1715.52.F682013 229'.1–dc23 2013029369 Thispublicationhasbeentypesetinthemultilingual“Brill”typeface.Withover5,100 characterscoveringLatin,IPA,Greek,andCyrillic,thistypefaceisespeciallysuitablefor useinthehumanities.Formoreinformation,pleaseseewww.brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN1384-2161 ISBN978-90-04-25867-9(hardback) ISBN978-90-04-25881-5(e-book) Copyright2013byKoninklijkeBrillNV,Leiden,TheNetherlands. KoninklijkeBrillNVincorporatestheimprintsBrill,GlobalOriental,HoteiPublishing, IDCPublishersandMartinusNijhoffPublishers. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced,translated,storedin aretrievalsystem,ortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronic,mechanical, photocopying,recordingorotherwise,withoutpriorwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher. AuthorizationtophotocopyitemsforinternalorpersonaluseisgrantedbyKoninklijkeBrillNV providedthattheappropriatefeesarepaiddirectlytoTheCopyrightClearanceCenter, 222RosewoodDrive,Suite910,Danvers,MA01923,USA. Feesaresubjecttochange. Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper. Inmemoryof HananEshel,ל״ז July25,1958–April8,2010 ע״שׁתןסינבד״כ־ח״ישׁתבאב׳ח Scholar,teacher,friend CONTENTS Preface.................................................................. xi PART1 INTRODUCTION 4Ezraand2Baruch:TheStatusQuaestionis ............................ 3 MatthiasHenze PART2 4EZRA,2BARUCH ANDPRE-70CEJEWISHLITERATURE 4Ezraand2BaruchinLightofQumranLiterature ..................... 31 DevorahDimant TheEvilnessofHumanNaturein1Enoch,Jubilees,Paul,and4Ezra:A SecondTempleJewishDebate...................................... 63 GabrieleBoccaccini PART3 PSEUDEPIGRAPHYIN4EZRAAND2BARUCH EnochandEzra......................................................... 83 JohnJ.Collins TraditionaryProcessesandTextualUnityin4Ezra..................... 99 HindyNajman WhoIsthe‘I’of4Ezra? ................................................. 119 LorenzoDiTommaso viii contents PART4 ACLOSEREADINGOF4EZRAAND2BARUCH Ezra’sVisionoftheLady:TheFormandFunctionofaTurningPoint .. 137 LorenT.Stuckenbruck TheEpistleofBaruchandItsRolein2Baruch.......................... 151 LutzDoering TheOtherworldlyMediatorsin4Ezraand2Baruch:AComparison withAngelicMediatorsinAscentApocalypsesandinDaniel, Ezekiel,andZechariah ............................................. 175 BenjaminE.Reynolds BaruchasaProphetin2Baruch ........................................ 195 BalázsTamási PART5 THESOCIALANDHISTORICAL CONTEXTOF4EZRAAND2BARUCH 4Ezraand2BaruchinSocialandHistoricalPerspective................ 221 LesterL.Grabbe WhyEzraandNotEnoch?RewritingtheScriptoftheFirstExilewith theHopeforaPromptRestorationofZion’sFortunes.............. 237 PierluigiPiovanelli PART6 4EZRA,2BARUCH,ANDEARLYCHRISTIANITY TheUsesofApocalypticEschatology................................... 253 AdelaYarbroCollins ANewTestamentReader’sGuideto2Baruch:Ora2BaruchReader’s GuidetotheNewTestament ....................................... 271 GeorgeW.E.Nickelsburg OnaPossibleBaptismalBackgroundof4Ezra13:3–6................... 295 AlexanderToepel contents ix TheNatureoftheResurrectedBodies:2BaruchandtheNew Testament .......................................................... 309 EugenJ.Pentiuc PART7 4EZRA,2BARUCH,ANDPOST-70CEJEWISHLITERATURE Enoch,Ezra,andtheJewishnessof“HighChristology” ................. 337 DanielBoyarin 4Ezraand2Baruchwiththe(Dis-)AdvantageofRabbinicHindsight.. 363 StevenD.Fraade PART8 THENACHLEBEN OF4EZRAAND2BARUCH ThePreservationof4EzraintheVulgate:ThankstoAmbrose,Not Jerome.............................................................. 381 KarinaMartinHogan NachlebenandTextualIdentity:VariantsandVarianceinthe ReceptionHistoryof2Baruch ...................................... 403 LivIngeborgLied IndexofModernAuthors............................................... 429 IndexofAncientSources ............................................... 434