Revue suisse de Zoologie 120 (4): 549-561; décembre 2013 Four new species ofHomoneura s. str. from Yunnan, China (Diptera, Lauxaniidae) Wenliang LI1»2 & DingYANG1’3 1 Department ofEntomology, ChinaAgricultural University, Beijing 100193, China. Email: [email protected] 2College ofForestry, Henan University ofScience andTechnology, Luoyang 471003, China. 3Corresponding author. E-mail: [email protected] Four new species ofHomoneura s. str. from Yunnan, China (Diptera, Lauxaniidae). - Four species ofHomoneura s. str. fromYunnan, China are described as new to science: H. cangshanensis sp. n., H. crispa sp. n., H. semiannulata sp. n. and H. trisurstylata sp. n. Keywords: Diptera - Lauxaniidae - Homoneura s. str. - new species - Yunnan. INTRODUCTION The genusHomoneura van derWulp inthe family Lauxaniidae contains 8 sub- genera and more than 600 species in the world. The subgenus Homoneura van der Wulp is the largest subgenus, includingmore than 500 known species in the world and more than 100 known species in China (Shi & Yang 2009; Wang, Gao & Yang 2012; Li & Yang 2012). It can be easily separated from other subgenera of the genus Homoneura by the following characters: mesoscutum with anterior supra-alar bristle and intra-alarbristle absent; fore tibia not compressed in male, mid tibia usually with 2-3 posterior ventral bristles, posterior dorsal bristle absent; hind tarsomere 2 not dsiescttiinocntloyfdMar1k+e2nendo;t cwuirnvgedwiftohrwcaorsdtal(Shsietu&laYeaenngdi2n0g09a)b.ruIpnttlhyeaptretispenotfpRap4e+r5,, 4apniceawl species are added to the fauna ofYunnan. MATERIALAND METHODS Genitalia preparations were made by removing and macerating the apical portionofthe abdomenincoldsaturatedNaOHfor6-10hours, acidifythepreparations with glacial acetic acid in water. After examination, they were transferred to fresh glycerine and stored in a microvial on the pin below the specimen. Specimens exa- minedwere deposited in the Entomological Museum ofChinaAgricultural University (CAU), Beijing and intheNatural History Museum ofGeneva, Switzerland (MHNG). The general terminology follows McAlpine (1981) and Shewed (1987). The following abbreviations forbristles are used: a = anterior, acr= acrostichal, ad = anterior dorsal, anepst = anepistemal, apv = apical ventral, av = anterior ventral, dc = dorsocentral, kepst = katepistemal, oc = ocellar, or = fronto-orbital, pd = posterior dorsal, prsc = prescutellar, pv = posteriorventral. Manuscriptaccepted 19.09.2013 550 W. LI & D. YANG TAXONOMIC PART Homoneura cangshanensis new spec. Figs 1-10 Material: Holotype S (CAU), CHINA, Yunnan Province: Dali, Cangshan, Wuweisi (25°43'N, 100°07'E, 2200 m), 30. VII. 2006, Kuiyan Zhang. - Paratypes: CHINA, Yunnan Province: 1 9 (CAU), data same as holotype. - 1 9 (MNHG), Dali, Cangshan, Wuweisi (25°43'N, 100°07'E, 2200 m), 1. VIII. 2006, KuiyanZhang. ETYMOLOGY: The new species is named after the type locality Cangshan. Diagnosis: Antennal arista long plumose, with longest hairs as long as height of1st flagellomere. Wingwith 5 brown spots, separatelyonr-m, dm-cu, andpreapices ofR2+3, R4+5, Mj, preapcial spot of obscure. Abdominal tergites 2-5 somewhat irregular brownish yellow at anterior margin; protandrium incompletely circular; sur- stylus claviform, curved backward and acuate apically; aedeagus with pair ofdorsal sclerites incurved and convergent apically. Description Male: Body length 4.1 mm, wing length 4.7 mm. Female: Body length 4.8- 4.9 mm, wing length 5.1-5.2 mm. Head (Fig. 3) yellow. Frons slightly widerthan long and parallel-sided; ocellar triangle brown; oc strong, about as long as anterior or, anterior or shorter than poste- rior or. Gena about 1/6 height ofeye. Antenna yellow, 1st flagellomere brownish, 1.3 times longerthanhigh; aristalongplumose,blackish brownexceptbrownbasally,with longest hairs as long as height of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis yellowish brown, with yellowish and blackish hairs; palpus pale yellow with blackish hairs. Thorax (Fig. 4) yellowwith grayishwhite pruinescence. Mesoscutumwith 0+3 dc, anterior dc clearly behind transverse scutal suture, acr in 6 somewhat irregular rows, prsc somewhat shorter than 1st post-sutural dc. Legs pale yellow. Fore femur with 4 strong pv and 5 pd, ctenidium with 11-12 short bristles; fore tibia with 1 long preapical ad and 1 short apv. Mid femur with 4 a and 1 apv; mid tibia with 1 strong preapical ad and 3 strong apv. Hind femurwith 1 preapical ad; hind tibia with 1 weak preapical ad and 1 short apv. Wing (Fig. 2) slightly yellow, with 5 brown spots, sepa- rately on r-m, dm-cu, and preapices ofR2+3, R4+5, Mj, preapcial spot ofMj obscure; subcostal cell hyaline; costa with 2nd (between and R2+3), 3rd (between R2+3 and R4+5) and 4th (between R4+5 and Mj) sections in proportion of 2.5 : 0.8 : 0.5; r-m beyond middle ofdiscal cell; ultimate andpenultimate sections ofMj inproportion of 1.5 : 1.0; ultimate section ofCuAj about 1/7 ofpenultimate. Halterpale yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 5) yellow; tergites 2-5 somewhat irregular brownish yellow at anterior margin. Male genitalia (Figs. 6-10): protandrium incompletely circular; epandrium nearly trapezoid in lateral view; surstylus claviform curvedbackward and , acuateapically; hypandrialapodeme longandparallel; gonopodcolumniform, aboutas long as aedeagus; aedeagus without apical incision, but with pair of dorsal sclerites incurved and convergent apically; aedeagal apodeme as long as aedeagus. Distribution: China (Yunnan). Remarks: The new species resembles H longinotata Shi & Yang from China . (Hainan) in the following characters: ocellar triangle brown; oc about as long as anterior or; arista long plumose, with longest hairs as long as height of 1st flagello - NEW SPECIES OFHOMONEURA 551 Figs 1-5 Homoneura cangshanensis sp. n. Male. (1) Body, lateralview. (2)Wing. (3) Head, dorsalview. (4) Mesoscutum, dorsalview. Female. (5)Abdomen, dorsal view. mere; wing with similar pattern; abdomen without dark spots; surstylus claviform, curved backward and acuate apically. But it can be separated from the latter by the following features: frons without dark bands; 1st flagellomere brownish; protandrium incompletely circular; aedeagus without apical incision; aedeagal apodeme as long as aedeagus. In H. longinotata the frons has 2 brownish bands; the 1st flagellomere is , black at apical 1/3; the protandrium is a complete circle; the apical incision of the aedeagus is deep; the aedeagal apodeme is shorterthan aedeagus (Shi & Yang 2009). Homoneura crispa new. spec. Figs 11-20 Material: Holotype S (CAU), CHINA, Yunnan Province: Fugong, Yaping (27°10'N, 98°45'E, 2000 m), 27. V. 2007, Xingyue Liu (CAU). - Paratypes: CHINA, Yunnan Province: 1 6 (MNHG), data same as holotype. Etymology: Latin, crispa meaning curled, referring to the aedeagus curled , apically. DIAGNOSIS: Frons with 2 brown lateral bands. Wing with 5 brown spots, dark on dm-cu, r-m, preapices of R2+3, R4+5 and Mx; preapical spots of R4+5 and confluent; subcostal cell brownish. Abdominal tergites 2-6 each with a black band at posterior margin, and tergites 3-6 with a narrow black median band; protandrium 552 W. LI & D. YANG Homoneura cangshanensis sp. n. Male. (6) Protandrium and epandrium, lateral view. (7) Epandrial complex, posterior view. (8) Protandrium, anterior view. (9) Aedeagal complex, ventral view. (10)Aedeagal complex, lateral view. Scale 0.5 mm. circular; surstylus bifurcated; hypandriumY-shaped; aedeagus curled towards dorsum and acuted apically, with pair oflateral spurs medially. Description Male: Body length 4.2-4.3 mm; wing length 4.3-4.5 mm. NEW SPECIES OFHOMONEURA 553 Figs 11-15 Homoneura crispa sp. n. Male. (11) Body, lateral view (apical portion ofabdomen removed). (12)Wing. (13) Head, dorsalview. (14) Mesoscutum, dorsalview. (15)Abdomen, dorsalview. Head (Fig. 13) yellow. Frons about as wide as long and parallel-sided, with 2 brown lateral bands; ocellar triangle black brown; oc strong, about as long as anterior or; anteriororshorterthanposterioror. Gena about 1/5 height ofeye.Antennayellow; 1stflagellomereyellowexceptbrownone side, 1.6 times longerthanhigh; aristablack exceptbrownbasally, withlongesthairs about 1/4widthof1st flagellomere. Proboscis brownish, with blackish and yellowish hairs; paplus yellowish, with black hairs. Thorax (Fig. 14) brownish, with grayishwhite pruinescence. Mesoscutumwith 1 wide blackish brown median band extending to apical margin ofscutellum, 0+3 dc, anteriordcclosetotransverse scutalsuture, acrin 6rows,prsc shorterthananteriordc. Legs yellow. Fore femurwith 5 strongpv and 7 pd, ctenidiumwith 9-10 shortbristles; fore tibiawith 1 long preapical ad and 1 short apv. Mid femurwith 7 a and 1 apv; mid tibiawith 1 strongpreapical adand 3 strong apv. Hind femurwith 1 preapical ad; hind tibia with 1 weak preapical ad and 1 short apv. Wing (Fig. 12) slightly yellow, with 5 brown spots, dark on dm-cu, r-m, preapices ofR2+3, R4+5 and Mj; preapical spots of R4+5 and Mj confluent; subcostal cell brownish; costa with 2nd (between R and R2+3), 3rd (between R2+3 and R4+5) and 4th (between R4+5 and Mj) sections inj pro- portion of 12 : 2.8 : 2.3; r-m before middle ofdiscal cell; ultimate and penultimate 554 W. LI & D. YANG Figs 16-20 Homoneura crispa sp. n. Male. (16) Protandrium and epandrium, lateral view. (17) Epandrial complex, posteriorview. (18)Protandrium, anteriorview. (19)Aedeagal complex, ventralview. (20)Aedeagal complex, lateralview. Scale 0.5 mm. sections of in proportion of 1.8 : 1.0; ultimate section of CuAj about 1/8 of penultimate. Halterpale yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 15) brown, with grayish white pruinescence; tergites 2-6 each with a black band at posterior margin, and tergites 3-6 with a narrow black median band. Male genitalia (Figs 16-20): protandrium circular, with setulae above spiracle; surstylusbifurcated, anterioronewithhairs, andlongerthanposteriorone;hypandrium Y-shaped, hypandrial apodemes not distinct, gonopod long; aedeagus curled towards dorsum and acuted apically, with pair oflateral spurs medially. Female Unknown. : NEW SPECIES OFHOMONEURA 555 Distribution: China (Yunnan). Remarks: ThenewspeciesresemblesH. suturalisYang,Zhu&HufromChina (Fujian) inthe following characters: wing with similarpattern, preapical spots ofR4+5 andMj confluent; anteriordc closetotransverse scutal suture; abdominal tergiteswith a black median band. But it canbe separated from the latterby the following features: facewithoutspots; mesoscutumwith 1 wideblackishbrownmedianbandextendingto apical margin of scutellum; subcostal cell ofwing brownish; abdominal tergites 2-6 each with a black band atposteriormargin. InH. suturalis the face has abrown spot; , the mesoscutum has no darkened bands; the subcostal cell of the wing is hyaline; abdominal tergites 2-6 eachhas ablackband at theposteriormargin (Yang, Zhu & Hu 2003). Homoneura semiannulata new spec. Figs 21-30 Material:Holotype 6 (CAU),CHINA,YunnanProvince: Kunming,Xishan,Erdaogou (24°58'N, 102°37'E, 1900 m), 15. IV. 2007, Hui Dong. -Paratypes: CHINA,YunnanProvince: 1 9 (CAU),datasameasholotype.- 1 6 (MNHG),Kunming,Xishan(24°58'N, 102°37'E, 1900 m), 16. V. 1981, JikunYang; 1 6 (CAU), Kunming, Fengmingshan (25°38'N, 102°51'E, 2600 m), 3. X. 1987, Jinjun Du. - 1 3,4 $$ (CAU & MNHG), Kunming, Xishan (24°58'N, 102°37'E, 1900 m), 28. V. 2005, Xingyue Liu. ETYMOLOGY: Latin, semi-, prefix meaning half+ annulata, meaning annular, referring to the shape ofthe hypandrial ventral processes in the lateral view. Diagnosis: Face brownish except yellow ventral margin medially. Wing (Fig. 23) slightly yellow, with 5 brown spots, separately on r-m, dm-cu, andpreapices ofR2+3, R4+5, M], preapcial spot ofMj obscure. Abdominal tergites 5-6 each with a brown median spot; protandrium incompletely circular; surstylus consisting of2 pro- cesses; hypandrium semiannular in the lateral view, long ventral processes incurved and almost convergent; aedeagus with deep apical incision. Description Male: Body length 4.7-5.7 mm, wing length 5.0-5.7 mm. Female: Body length 5.0-5.3 mm, wing length 5.3-5.5 mm. Head (Fig. 23) yellow. Face brownish except yellow ventral margin medially. Frons slightly wider than long and parallel-sided; ocellar triangle brown; oc strong, about as long as anterior or, anterior or slightly shorter than posterior or. Gena about 1/6heightofeye.Antennal scapeandpedicelyellow, 1st flagellomerebrownishexcept yellow basally; 1st flagellomere 1.3 times longer than high; arista long plumose, blackish brown except brown basally, with longest hairs as long as height of 1st flagellomere. Proboscis yellowish brown, with yellowish and blackish hairs; palpus pale yellow with blackish hairs. Thorax (Fig. 24) yellow with grayish white pruinescence. Mesoscutum with 0+3 dc, anteriordc clearlybehindtransverse scutal suture, acrin 6 somewhat irregular rows, prsc somewhat shorter than 1st post-sutural dc. Legs pale yellow. Fore femur with 4 strong pv and 6 pd, ctenidium with 10-12 short bristles; fore tibia with 1 long preapical ad and 1 short apv. Mid femur with 6 a and 1 apv; mid tibia with 1 strong preapical ad and 3 strong apv. Hind femurwith 1 preapical ad; hind tibiawith 1 weak preapical ad and 1 shortapv. Wing (Fig. 22) slightlyyellow, with 5 brown spots, sepa- 556 W. LI & D. YANG Figs 21-25 Homoneura semiannulata sp. n. Male. (21) Body, lateral view. (22) Wing. (23) Head, dorsal view. (24) Mesoscutum, dorsalview. (25)Abdomen, dorsal view. rately on r-m, dm-cu, and preapices ofR2+3, R4+5, M1? preapcial spot ofMj obscure; subcostal cell hyaline; costa with 2nd (between Rj and R2+3), 3rd (between R2+3 and R4+5) and 4th (between R4+5 and Mj) sections in proportion of 2.6 : 0.8 : 0.5; r-m beyond middle ofdiscal cell; ultimate andpenultimate sections ofMj inproportion of 1.5 : 1.0; ultimate section ofCuAj about 1/8 ofpenultimate. Halterpale yellow. Abdomen (Fig. 25) yellow; tergites 5-6 each with a blackish brown median spot. Male genitalia (Figs 26-30): protandrium incompletely circular; epandrium nearlyoblonginlateralview, surstylusconsistingof2 smallprocesses, anteriorprocess atbasal 1/3 ofepandrium, posteriorprocess atventral apex ofepandrium; hypandrium semiannular in the lateral view, hypandrial apodeme long and parallel, long ventral processes incurved and almost convergent; gonopod columniform, shorter than 1/2 length ofaedeagus; aedeagus with deep apical incision, pair ofdorsal sclerites bifur- cated apically, pair of ventral aclerites curved outward and acute apically; aedeagal apodeme longer than aedeagus. Distribution: China (Yunnan). X NEW SPECIES OFHOMONEURA 557 Homoneura semiannulata sp. n. Male. (26) Protandrium and epandrium, lateral view. (27) Epandrial complex, posterior view. (28) Protandrium, anterior view. (29) Aedeagal complex, ventralview. (30)Aedeagal complex, lateralview. Scale 0.5 mm. Remarks: Thenew species resemblesH. haejuana Sasakawa & Kozânekfrom NorthKoreainthefollowingcharacters: frons slightlywiderthanlong; ocellartriangle brown; wing with similar pattern. But it can be separated from the latter by the following features: face brownish except yellow on ventral margin medially; abdo - minai tergites 5-6 each with a blackish brown median spot; protandrium incompletely 558 W. LI & D. YANG Figs 31-35 Homoneuratrisurstylatasp. n. male. (31)Body, lateralview. (32)Wing. (33)Head,dorsalview. (34) Mesoscutum, dorsal view. (35)Abdomen, dorsal view. circular; surstylus consisting of 2 small processes; hypandrium semiannular in the lateralview. InH. haejuana,the faceisentirelyyellow;theabdominaltergites3-6each has a brown median longitudinal band; the protandrium is a complete circle; the surstylus has a long ungulateprocess; the hypandrium is not semiannular in the lateral view (Sasakawa & Kozdnek 1995). Homoneura trisurstylata new spec. Figs 31-40 Material: Holotype 6 (CAU), CHINA, Yunnan Province: Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Lushilin(21°54'N, 101°16'E, 600m), 5.V. 2009,TingtingZhang.-Paratypes: CHINA,Yunnan Province: 1 <?, 1 9 (MNHG), Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Lushilin (21°54'N, 101°16'E, 600 m), 21. IV. 2007, Wenliang Li. - 1 9 (CAU), Xishuangbanna, Menglun, Lushilin (21°54'N, 101°16'E, 600m), 21. IV. 2007, Hui Dong. Etymology: Latin, tri-, prefix meaning three + surstyla, meaning surstylus, referring to the surstylus consisting of3 processes. Diagnosis: Antenna yellow except 1st flagellomere blackish brown at apical 1/3. Wing with 5 brown spots, separately on r-m, dm-cu, preapices ofR2+3, Mj, and apex ofR4+5, preapcial spot of obscure. Protandrium circular; surstylus consisting of3 processes; hypandrium H-shaped.