Fort Smith National Histor ite al Park Service Fort Smith Fb er ae Shaped by a diverse cast of colorful characters. soldiers, Indians, outlaws, and lawmen—Fort Smith National Historic Site evokes 80 years of turbulent setts history on the western frontier. Explore remnants Meee of two frontier forts, the tra the historic jail and federal courthouse of Judge Isaac C. Parkers = ‘Trail of Tears, and stony. President Thomas Jefferson wanted south: ‘svsniteagmnee_€23teM American Indians to move west ofthe First Fort Smith was ult n 1896 the Army returned ASR sath Wve ering ta lands owt ete Pied emspeee ge oP ele ereresahr we Scifi terror ment. This awed notion assumed wertr lands {Arkanas ierVley between meet eat obligations by su. 817 Toot ar vacant. avon though they were already occupied the nate Orage and newly providing supplies to relocat- by other native tribes Jeferson thought t would ariving Cherokee, uit oFlogs ng tbe rng the age Toten a: take 7,000 years for whites to sete the ndstove the it fort sat above known athe Tal of Tears "e182 West. Infact the ote an Avkanss ives, Overtime the fort loge rot 50 years a soot known by French vappers ted a thesia it dst Point. yng tobemore sores but the problems fr Abo: George atin pated tht ttecive mn rttaing pee, teindan woul pet and “Oumar ibe ibahe ler Te Mae thay oecaieibe Mere vninduntwoyatite. ante Rogier to 124 and moved ater wer. osetia arbor mae Second Fort Smith Was bultin tn the Civil War the fort saw Into the US Colored Troops {38 because ofan unfounded. ite action, but twas a major (USC). After the war African fear of naan attack But the supply port for both sides in Americans had the redom, 1246-48 USMatican war, 1849 April 1861 the US Army aban- This wasnot tue for American Calforia Gols Rash suring domed the for to Confederate indians, regardless of who they bul farther west madeitan later the Confederates aban important supply depot doned the fort 0 Union oops An 1865 Fort Smith Council Apeoaaltonns who ecupied it forthe est of was held oexableh relations Fee oer Drkansas River eamboats the war with Incans after the Cl Wa Atlanta became 9 Hate In 1036. A second For Sih brought supplies fom St Lou Delegates of 12 nda nations forfeited, tei slaves must be” pledge thr alagonee to the ‘as built starting in 1838, not 1830 a the postcard and New Orleans. The city of tery dived, Ameran indians ight) met with the US govern- feed, andthe property could United Stats The netgear he lioptsened athe hove suggests. Resident and polcans convinced For Smith began te prosper foughton both ices inthe Gil ment Although they had fought We conficated. The council” tres ned separate ets Yor te Gul We ghe War Department of an indian threat right arose and arom. After the Cuil War Waa is western karat on both ses in the war, the ended white ceed. Not with the feet iRerusseauted the iver The fort's stone walls were built ke coastal (161-1865) the miltary perma izes. After the Union forces United States treated all tribes expecting to sign treaties and The councliwas one more steph reat For Sot fortieations meant to withstand heavy canon fi rently clove the Iie needed fetured 0 Fort Smith local ae defeated enemies. They were concerned that bal sovereignty the ylentes eduction oft bt they were never tobe tested in combat for in 1871 [Alvan Americans were recited old that heights hod been wat at take, the ibe simply sovereignty. Federal Court for the Western The barack boement. once 8 <onwits, reformed criminal us > gp illaaia Commissioner, and-Court Clerk, the jail in 1885. Reprinted in The busiest federal court districts. SEALE cmon eatbeae leanicaperorm coeto Gpuicme ove, Tenet sre care mamma icepuat entrain ax Sain ryan Senet ation ayy ues WF Zovshesvys sa get tyson” fsa eset an pom races hee a ser hr ae i Pe RSS © gl Src he © as a a ese ae Feo agai enter aepmreyareme putea eT Ao <teate “the moval fore ots Parker died 0 wees ltr on. (ho hatntend hp loci tnaie operon id — “strong court,” He rehabilitated |» November 17, 1896. ~udge isaac C Parke, 1896 Visiting Fort Smith “THIS dark, crowded underground hole is noisome with odors of every description . . . horrible with all horrors-a veritable hell upon earth.” Make your first stop the visitor center __Barracks-Courthouse-Jail _ “Hell-on-the-Border” Jail Judge Parkers Courtroom Commissary Building in the former basement ofthe 1888 jll Te lomerbarads and federal dct maghebeng lacked none of wo Bae gee C. Patt wasarecmer The Comme bul between 1838 and ofthe second Fort Smith. Rebuiltafter an Tec vateremermih “rekon Doce” ep Chacsinanse bation emwetefertSh Sone do 1849 fire, the barracks were in use until fost andgtshon ovat hee nme ols A Sion honestand ed towable ro So the fort closed in 1871. Added onto later, seins The must se eins on yon the gitulcenstors rooked ae porns bt nals eto Supp re Tre tous aoe Sate i the building was the Federal Courthouse Srey nsomr-tiensoneewer, Nascour} ks stew jutehonged mre Cranaserbt ae 1B Mah endamy fe lar Sane for the Western District of Arkansas. The intent ofthe Unted tater rod. ju bultn 888 Avs ornen and h- Spy marta on Guy but Parker ed west Be ive 1 ts ase sone ve alin the bullding was replaced ngs saring aes nay Holywood Gen vested panes expec on ol ore 4000 camna ces 348 formu bung ove HU. Dopys and on after ajoumalst publidzed the (yt erbesse ebuking jc voew ately a trond eat pny tr ese ces Of ete of ran, brand oor conditions prisoners endured. accurately represents 1867-1877, when a chew of tobacco, local newspaper 160 people that udge Parke sentenced sounds ofthe hustle and bustle of dally there were only 37 states inthe Union,” dubbed the ja "Hotel de Unde Sam” tang, ony 78 were ange, ‘my it. we ‘2 ° eau Sy s. ~ ey Te I~ So First Fort Smith-Belle Point —_Trail of Tears Overlook Gallows Walking Trails ,. oo Smihin i breanef would Ceakescontoled 40min square lped estat fet Sah plow cauk vas val and wales am he SS masiegy A fence ve Coreen Ghocictaet miele soot hey Weiccicl_ hag i2.bderentemciedetor we her eouc eal Wcemaroy bang / , vas abandoned i 1824; ons stone tes, they held te of ther former lands, and dew cows, bute sratse wes Gols fst Fort Sth ste and Tater: * a ae B i C4 Start at the Visitor Center, See its Exhibits, Tour the Grounds, and Walk to the Overlook Tal of Years Overiook, |g al NE ae ‘ters an th fois teres Dog et ore Garend vem, 3 ae: