FORMAL METHODS FOR OPEN OBJECT-BASED DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS IFIP -The International Federation for Information Processing IFIP was founded in 1960 under the auspices of UNESCO, following the First World Computer Congress held in Paris the previous year. An umbrella organization for societies working in information processing, IFIP's aim is two-fold: to support information processing within its member countries and to encourage technology transfer to developing nations. As its mission statement clearly states, IFlP's mission is to be the leading, truly international, apolitical organization which encourages and assists in the development, exploitation and application of information technology for the benefit of all people. IFIP is a non-profitmaking organization, run almost solely by 2500 volunteers. It operates through a number of technical committees, which organize events and publications. IFIP's events range from an international congress to local seminars, but the most important are: · The IFIP World Computer Congress, held every second year; · open conferences; · working conferences. The flagship event is the IFIP World Computer Congress, at which both invited and contributed papers are presented. Contributed papers are rigorously refereed and the rejection rate is high. As with the Congress, participation in the open conferences is open to all and papers may be invited or submitted. Again, submitted papers are stringently refereed. The working conferences are structured differently. They are usually run by a working group and attendance is small and by invitation only. Their purpose is to create an atmosphere conducive to innovation and development. Refereeing is less rigorous and papers are subjected to extensive group discussion. Publications arising from IFIP events vary. The papers presented at the IFIP World Computer Congress and at open conferences are published as conference proceedings, while the results of the working conferences are often published as collections of selected and edited papers. Any national society whose primary activity is in information may apply to become a full member of IFIP, although full membership is restricted to one society per country. Full members are entitled to vote at the annual General Assembly, National societies preferring a less committed involvement may apply for associate or corresponding membership. Associate members enjoy the same benefits as full members, but without voting rights. Corresponding members are not represented in IFIP bodies. Affiliated membership is open to non-national societies, and individual and honorary membership schemes are also offered. FORMAL METHODS FOR OPEN OBJECT-BASED DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS IFIP TC6 I WG6.1 Third International Conference on Formal Methods for Open Object-Based Distributed Systems (FMOODS) February 15-18, 1999, Florence, Italy edited by Paolo Ciancarini Universita di Bologna, Italy Alessandro Fantechi Universita di Firenze, Italy Robert Gorrieri Universita di Bologna, Italy ~. " SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-1-4757-5266-3 ISBN 978-0-387-35562-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-0-387-35562-7 Copyright © 1999 by Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999 AlI rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo copying, record ing, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of ,the publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. Printed on acid-free paper. Contents Preface ix Committee members and list of referees xi PART 1 Languages Piccola - A Small Compositional Language (Invited Talk) Oscar Nierstrasz An Algebra of Actors 3 M. Gaspari, G. Zavattaro Developing Object-based Distributed Systems 19 M.Bonsangue, J. N. Kok, K. Sere PART 2 Semantics I Reasoning about Histories in Object-based Distributed Systems 35 F.S. de Boer Mobile Nets 51 N. Busi Observation equivalences for the semantics of inheritance 67 C. Balzarotti, F. De Cindio, L. Pomello PART 3 Java and Coordination Tools for Integrating Formal Methods into the Java Software Development Pro- cess (Invited Talk) 83 Sriram Sankar vi Design and implementation of coordination protocols for distributed cooperat- ing objects: A general graph-based technique applied to CORBA 89 K. Drira, F. Gouezec, M. Diaz Specifying component-based Java applications (Short Paper) 105 S. Cimato PART 4 Object Composition and Reuse Object Composition: A Case Study 113 D. Ramazani, G. v. Bochmann Specifying Reusable Controllers for Software Components (Short Paper) 131 J.M. Troya, A. Vallecillo Composition and Interaction for Behavioural Specifications 149 S. Veglioni, F Parisi-Presicce Formal specification of discrete systems by active predicates and dynamic constraints (Short Paper) 161 T. Bolognesi, A. Bracciali PART 5 Telecommunications Distributed Feature Composition: An Architecture for Telecommunication Ser- vices (Tutorial) 169 Pamela Zave Pattern Application vs. Inheritance in SDL 171 B. Geppert, F. Roessler, R. Gotzhein Engineering Telecommunication Services With SDL 187 R. Sinnott, M. Kolberg SDL in Rigorous Object-Oriented Analysis (Short Paper) 205 R. G. Clark, Ana M. D. Moreira PART 6 Formal Methods A Junction between State Based and Behavioural Specification (Invited Talk) 213 H. Bowman and J. Derrick Protocol Assuring Universal Language 241 R. van Rein, M. Fokkinga Specification of Dynamic Reconfiguration in the Context of InpuVOutput Rela- fuM ~9 K. Stoelen vii Assessing Service Properties with Regard to a Requested OoS: The Service Metric (Short paper) 273 C. Linnhoff-Popien, D. Thissen Combining Design Methods for Service Development (Short paper) 281 M. Born, A. Hoffmann, Mang Li, I. Sehieferdeeker PART 7 Emerging Standards LSCs: Breathing Life into Message Sequence Charts 293 W. Damm, D. Harel Modular Reasoning for Actor Specification Diagrams 313 Scott F. Smith, Carolyn L. Talcott Towards a Formal Operational Semantics of UML Statechart Diagrams 331 D. Latella, I. Majzik, M. Massink PART 8 Semantics II Foundations for Wide-Area Systems (Tutorial) 349 Luea Cardelli Calculi for Concurrent Objects (Tutorial) Cosimo Laneve Infinite types for distributed object interfaces 351 E. Najm, A. Nimour, J. B. Stefani Static safety analysis for non-uniform service availability in Actors 371 J. L. Colaco, M. Pantel, F. Dagnat, P. Salle A Logic for the Specification of Multi-Object Systems (Short Paper) 387 J. Broersen, R. Wieringa PART 9 Semantics III Distributed and concurrent objects based on linear logic (Invited Talk) 399 Naoki Kobayashi, Akinori Yonezawa Composition in Multiparadigm Specification Techniques 401 L. Blair, G. Blair Formal Development of Object-Based Systems in a Temporal Logic Setting 419 E. Canver, F. W. von Henke Preface This volume contains the proceedings of the Third IFIP WG 6.1 International Confer ence on Fonnal Methods for Open Object-Based Distributed Systems (FMOODS99). The conference was held in Florence, Italy, on the 15th-18th February, 1999. The event was the third meeting of such a conference series, initiated in Paris in March 1996 and continued in Canterbury in July 1997. The goal of FMOODS conferences is to collect works at the convergence of three importmlt mld related fields: • foonal methods, • distributed systems, and • object-based technology. Such a convergence is representative of some of the latest advances in the field of distributed systems (for exmnple, the ODP reference model mld the work of the OM G) and provides links between several scientific and technologic communities (for instance, FORTEIPSTV, ICODP, BCOOp, etc.). The papers included in this book, which were presented at the conference, reflect the scope of the conference. The collection includes also many abstracts of invited talks and tutorials, mld (either full or short) papers that were submitted, reviewed, and accepted by the Progrmn Committee. Our invited mld tutorial speakers at FMOODS 99 were drawn from Switzerland, the UK, It.:'1ly, Japml, and the USA. Tutorialists: • Luca CardeUi of Microsoft Research Lab in Cmnbridge, UK, has contributed to the foundation of the theory of object oriented languages, and more recently of calculi for mobile entities, which was the subject of his tutorial. • Cosimo Lmleve, with the University of Bologna. is well-known for his work in the theory of concurrent, functionallmlguages; recently, his main research interest is in foundations of object-oriented languages. x • Pamela Zave, Technology Advisor in the Network Services Research Labs of AT&T, is an expert in the area of specification, verification and implementation of telecommunication services. Invited speakers: • Howard Bowman and John Derrick, with the University of Canterbury, are well-known for their work about formal methods for object-oriented languages. • Oscar Nierstrasz, of the University of Berne, contributed significantly to the development of object oriented languages and calculi. • Remo Pareschi has worked in the past in several international research centers, and is currently Chief Research Officer for Telecom Italy. He is renowned for his works on coordination languages and applications, like groupware and workflow. (Unfortunately, his contribution cannot appear in the proceedings). • Sriram Sankar is president and CEO ofMetamata, Inc., a Java developer products Company famous for software development environment, language design and compiler for Java. • Naoki Kobayashi of University of Tokyo has recently got many interesting and highly original results in the theory of object migration and dynamic name binding, based on linear logic. The technical papers in this volume include 19 regular papers and 7 short papers that were selected among 52 submissions. The conference was partitioned in several sessions covering the following topics: Languages, Semantics, Java and Coordination, Object Composition and Reuse, Telecommunications, Formal Methods, and Emerging Standards. A panel on CORBA-based research and applications was also held during the conference. The conference was supported again by IFIP, in particular TC 6 and WG6.1, and thanks are due to Augusto Casaca and Guy Leduc for their efforts in this respect. We are also grateful to the following institutions for their support: CNR, EU-DGXIII (sponsoring young researchers), the Universities of Florence and Bologna. In addition, we would like to thank all authors for their high quality submissions: We are very grateful to all program committee members and external anonymous referees for all their efforts in reviewing papers and helping in shaping the final programme. Last but not least, the members of the local organisation committee; many thanks especially to Mario Bravetti for managing and updating the electronic submission system (that Vladimiro Sassone allowed us to use) and to Gianluigi Zavattaro who helped many authors to solve their problems with the format of the final version. PAOLO ClANCARINI, ALESSANDRO FANTECHI, ANI> ROBERTO GORRIERI Florence, February 1999