FORENSIC SCIENCES: CRIMINALISTICS Proceedings 2007-2011 1 American Academy of Forensic Sciences Proceedings 2002-p1 FFoorreennssiicc SScciieenncceess:: CCrriim miinnaalliissttiiccss ii iii FFoorreennssiicc SScciieenncceess:: CCrriim miinnaalliissttiiccss iv AMERICAN ACADEMY OF FORENSIC SCIENCES 410 North 21st Street Colorado Springs, CO 80904 www.aafs.org The Proceedings of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences is an official publication of the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) and includes various areas of the forensic sciences such as pathology, toxicology, physical anthropology, psychiatry, odontology, jurisprudence, criminalistics, questioned documents, digital sciences, engineering sciences and other disciplines. The proceedings herein are from the Criminalistics section for the years 2007 to 2011. As with the Proceedings in which these abstracts were originally published, there is no implication or assertion that the AAFS, any of its sections, or any member of the AAFS have verified the statements and/or conclusions of the abstracts. The views expressed in this publication are not those of the AAFS or individual members. In short, the data and opinions appearing in the abstracts are the responsibility of the individual authors alone. All contents copyright 2007-2011 by the AAFS. Unless stated otherwise, noncommercial reproduction of material contained herein is permitted by the AAFS provided that the copying is faithful to the original. No other reproduction of any form may be done without prior written permission from the AAFS. Printed in the United States of America. v Preface The American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) is a multi-disciplinary professional organization created and maintained to provide leadership in the application of science to the legal system. A premier forensic science organization, its specific objectives are to promote professionalism, integrity, competency and education, and to foster scientific research, improvements in the practice of forensic science, and collaboration within the many fields of forensic science. For sixty-three years, since its founding in 1948, the AAFS has served a distinguished and diverse membership. It comprises eleven different sections representing the broad range of expertise and interest of its members, now numbering over 6200. Included among them are physicians, attorneys, dentists, toxicologists, physical anthropologists, document examiners, psychiatrists, physicists, engineers, criminalists, educators, and digital evidence specialists. Representing all fifty US states, all ten Canadian provinces and 61 other countries from all corners of the world, AAFS members actively practice forensic science. In many cases, AAFS members also teach and conduct research in the field, producing hundreds of refereed publications and books. vi The editors express gratitude to the past and present AAFS leadership, especially to the AAFS staff headed by Executive Director Anne Warren, to the AAFS Presidents since 1949 and to our section’s directors and chair persons. Academy Presidents Robert E. Barsley, DDS, JD 2012-13 Douglas H. Ubelaker, PhD 2011-12 Lowell J. Levine, DDS 1980-81 Joseph P. Bono, MA 2010-11 June K. Jones, MS 1979-80 Thomas L. Bohan, PhD, JD 2009-10 Kurt M. Dubowski, PhD 1978-79 Carol E. Henderson, JD 2008-09 B. Edward Whittaker, BS 1977-78 Bruce A. Goldberger, PhD 2007-08 James T. Weston, MD 1976-77 James G. Young, MD 2006-07 Robert J. Joling, JD 1975-76 Edmund R. Donoghue, MD 2005-06 David A. Crown, DCrim 1974-75 Ronald L. Singer, MS 2004-05 Morton F. Mason, PhD 1973-74 Kenneth E. Melson, JD 2003-04 Douglas M. Lucas, MSc, DSc 1972-73 Graham R. Jones, PhD 2002-03 Cyril H. Wecht, MD, JD 1971-72 Mary Fran Ernst, BLS 2001-02 Edwin C. Conrad, JD, PhD 1970-71 John D. McDowell, DDS, MS 2000-01 James W. Osterburg, MPA 1969-70 Patricia J. McFeeley, MD 1999-00 Maier I. Tuchler, MD 1968-69 Barry A.J. Fisher, MS, MBA. 1998-99 Charles S. Petty 1967-68 Michael A. Peat, PhD 1997-98 Jack L. Sachs, JD 1966-67 Richard Rosner, MD 1996-97 Robert B. Forney, PhD 1965-66 Haskell M. Pitluck, JD 1995-96 Dwight M. Palmer, MD 1964-65 Steven C. Batterman, PhD 1994-95 Oliver C. Schroeder, Jr., JD 1963-64 Enrico N. Togneri, BA 1993-94 Milton Helpern, MD 1962-63 Marina Stajic, PhD. 1992-93 S.R. Gerber, MD, LLB 1961-62 Homer R. Campbell, Jr., DDS 1991-92 Russel S. Fisher, MD 1960-61 Ellis R. Kerley, PhD. 1990-91 Ordway Hilton, MA 1959-60 Richard C. Froede, MD 1989-90 John F. Williams, BS 1958-59 Richard S. Frank, BS 1988-89 Val B. Satterfield, MD 1957-58 Yale H. Caplan, PhD 1987-88 Alan R. Moritz 1956-57 Don Harper Mills, JD, MD 1986-87 Fred E. Inbau, BS, LLB, 1955-56 Arthur D. Goldman, DMD 1985-86 A.W. Freireich, MD 1954-55 Maureen Casey Owens, AB 1984-85 Louis P. Regan, MD, LLB 1953-54 George E. Gantner, MD 1983-84 R.N. Harger, PhD 1952-53 Anthony Longhetti, BA 1982-83 S.A. Levinson, MD, PhD 1951-52 Joseph H. Davis, MD 1981-82 R.B.H. Gradwohl, MD 1949-51 vii Criminalistics Section Board of Directors Representatives and Chairs Director Chair 2011-2012 Susan M. Ballou, MS Barbara E. Llewelly, PhD 2010-2011 Susan M. Ballou, MS Matthew R. Wood, MS 2009-2010 Susan M. Ballou, MS Anjali R. Swienton, MFS, JD 2008-2009 Richard E. Tontarski, Jr., MS Hiram K. Evans, MSc 2007-2008 Richard E. Tontarski, Jr., MS Lucy Davis Houck, BHS 2006-2007 Richard E. Tontarski, Jr., MS Peter R. De Forest, DCrim 2005-2006 Joseph P. Bono, MA John D. De Haan, PhD 2004-2005 Joseph P. Bono, MA Susan M. Ballou, MS 2003-2004 Joseph P. Bono, MA Thomas A. Brettell, PhD 2002-2003 Susan H. Johns, MA Marie Samples, MS 2001-2002 Susan H. Johns, MA Frank Schehr, MS, MPA 2000-2001 Susan H. Johns, MA Lawrence A. Presley, MS, MA 1999-2000 Michele E. Kestler, MS Mary M. Gibbons, MCrim 1998-1999 Michele E. Kestler, MS Richard E. Bisbing, BS 1997-1998 Michele E. Kestler, MS Joseph P. Bono, MA 1996-1997 Ronald L. Singer, MS Susan H. Johns, MA 1995-1996 Ronald L. Singer, MS Elaine M. Pagliaro, MS 1994-1995 Ronald L. Singer, MS Richard L. Tanton, MBA 1993-1994 Barry A.J. Fisher, MS, MBA Michele E. Kestler, MS 1992-1993 Barry A.J. Fisher, MS, MBA Sanford A. Angelos, MS, MEd 1991-1992 Barry A.J. Fisher, MS, MBA Kay J. McClanahan, BS 1990-1991 Carla M. Noziglia, MS Jerry D. Nelson, MPA 1989-1990 Carla M. Noziglia, MS Howard A. Harris, PhD, JD 1988-1989 Carla M. Noziglia, MS Ronald L. Singer, MS 1987-1988 Thomas A. Kubic, JD Carla M. Noziglia, MS 1986-1987 Thomas A. Kubic, JD Enrico N. Togneri, BA 1985-1986 Thomas A. Kubic, JD Robert E. Gaensslen, PhD 1984-1985 Richard S. Frank, BS Jan S. Bashinski, MCrim 1983-1984 Richard S. Frank, BS Donald A. Flynt, BS 1982-1983 Richard S. Frank, BS Barry A.J. Fisher, MS, MBA 1981-1982 Andrew H. Principe, BS Richard S. Frank, BS 1980-1981 Andrew H. Principe, BS John I. Thornton, DCrim 1979-1980 Andrew H. Principe, BS Carlos Rabren, MS 1978-1979 Anthony Longhetti, BA J. Eldon Straughan, BA viii 1977-1978 Anthony Longhetti, BA June E. Browne, BA 1976-1977 Anthony Longhetti, BA John F. Anderson, BS 1975-1976 B. Edward Whittaker, Jr., BS John P. Klosterman, MS 1974-1975 B. Edward Whittaker, Jr., BS Andrew H. Principe, BS 1973-1974 B. Edward Whittaker, Jr., BS Richard H. Fox, BS 1972-1973 Joseph D. Nicol, MS Theodore R. Elzerman, MS 1971-1972 Joseph D. Nicol, MS B. Edward Whittaker, Jr., BS 1970-1971 Joseph D. Nicol, MS J.D. Chastain, BA 1969-1970 Herbert L. MacDonell, MS 1968-1969 Wilkaan Fong, BS 1967-1968 David Q. Burd, AB 1966-1967 Lowell W. Bradford, BS Raymond H. Pinker, BS 1965-1966 Charles A. McInerney, AB 1964-1965 Douglas M. Lucas, MS 1963-1964 James W. Osterburg, MPA 1962-1963 Anthony Longhetti, BA 1961-1962 Charles A. Davis 1960-1961 Walter Jack Cadman, BA 1959-1960 Mary E. Cowan, BS 1958-1959 George W. Roche, MS 1957-1958 Lowell W. Bradford, BS 1956-1957 Lowell W. Bradford, BS 1955-1956 John F. Williams, BS 1954-1955 Clemens R. Maise, MS 1953-1954 J.D. Nicol, MS 1952-1953 J.D. Nicol, MS 1951-1952 J.D. Nicol, MS 1950-1951 Ralph F. Turner, MS ix Our heartfelt thanks to the Academy Staff for managing the proceedings process that results in the highest standards of quality including Sonya Bynoe, Publications & Website Coordinator; Debbie Crockett, Finance Manager; Sondra Doolittle, Meetings & Exposition Manager; Phyllis Gilliam, Receptionist; Salena Grant, Assistant Meetings Manager; Cheryl Hunter, Membership Coordinator; Nancy Jackson, Director of Development & Accreditation; Tracie McCray, Accounting Assistant; Christie Vigil, Membership Assistant; and Kimberly Wrasse, Executive Assistant. This further acknowledges the excellent work of all our Criminalistics authors and colleagues worldwide who are willing to share their work for education. Susan M. Ballou, MD Barbara E. Llewellyn, PhD Prepared by: Laura L. Liptai, PhD1 Engineering Sciences 1 The Executive Committee of The American Academy of Forensic Sciences has directed Laura Liptai, Ph.D. of the Engineering Sciences Section to prepare this volume for publication. x Table of Contents Index of Title by Year 2011 .................................................................................................................................................................. Index 1 2010 ............................................................................................................................................................... Index 23 2009 ............................................................................................................................................................... Index 43 2008 ............................................................................................................................................................... Index 61 2007 ............................................................................................................................................................... Index 78 Index by Presenting Author .............................................................................. Index 98 Proceedings by Year 2011 ............................................................................................................................................................................... 1 2010 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 114 2009 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 231 2008 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 341 2007 ......................................................................................................................................................................... 434 Index 1 Index of Title by Year 2011 Validation of a Qualitative TLC Analysis of Seized Ecstasy Tablets Using Easy Ambient Sonic-Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (EASI-MS) Bruno D. Sabino, PhD*, National Institute of Metrology, Standardization and Industrial Quality, Av. N. Sra. das Graças, 50 Xerém, Duque de Caxias, 22250-020, BRAZIL; Morena L. Sodré, PharmD, Emanuele A. Alves, MSc, and Fábio de Oliveira Martinez Alonso, PhD, Instituto de Criminalística Carlos Éboli, Rua Pedro I, 28, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20.060-050, BRAZIL; and Wanderson Romão, MSc, and Marcos N. Eberlin, PhD, ThoMSon Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13084-971, BRAZIL 1 Analysis and Characterization of Several Varieties of Herbal Blends Containing Synthetic Cannabinoids Amber L. Rasmussen, BS*, Marshall University Forensic Science, 1401 Forensic Science Drive, Huntington, WV 25701; Christopher S. Binion, BS, Larry G. Boggs, BS, and Joseph A. Tanner, BS, Kentucky State Police, Eastern Regional Laboratory, 1550 Wolohan Drive, Suite #2, Ashland, KY 41102; and J. Graham Rankin, PhD, Marshall University Forensic Science Program, 1401 Forensic Science Drive, Huntington, WV 25701 1 Trifluoroacetyl Derivatization of Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, 3,4- Methylenedioxymethamphetamine, and Other Controlled Substances With Similar Mass Spectra Erin LaGrone, BS*, Marshall University Forensic Science, 1401 Forensic Science Drive, Huntington, WV 25701; Christopher Kiyak, MS, and Gloria Rodriguez, BS, Austin Police Department, Forensic Chemistry Division, 812 Springdale Road, Austin, TX 78702; and J. Graham Rankin, PhD, Marshall University Forensic Science Program, 1401 Forensic Science Drive, Huntington, WV 25701 2 Investigation of the Stability of Cannabinoids in Cannabis, Decarboxylation Reaction, and the Validation of HPLC Method for the Quantitative Determination of Cannabinoids Stephanie H.J. Lim, BSc*, Angeline T.W. Yap, PhD, and Chiu Guay Phua, BSc, Health Sciences Authority, 11 Outram Road Singapore, 169078, SINGAPORE 2 Identification of Alkaloids and Cutting Agents in Illicit Brazilian Cocaine Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Elvio D. Botelho, BS*, Brazilian Federal Police, Diretoria Tecnico Cientifica, Edifício Inc. SAIS Quadra 07 Lote 23, Brasilia, 70610-200, BRAZIL; Adriano O. Maldaner, PhD, Brazilian National Institute of Criminalistic, SAIS Q7 Lote 23, SEPLAB/Inc., BRASILIA, BRAZIL; Jorge J. Zacca, PhD, Brazilian Federal Police, SQSW 300 Bloco M Apto 505, Setor Sudoeste, Brasília, 70673-046, BRAZIL; Ricardo B. Cunha, PhD, University of Brasilia, Chemistry Institute, Laboratory of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Campus Darcy Ribeiro, Brasilia, 70910-900, BRAZIL; and Alex F.C. Campos, PhD, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Área Universitária 1, Vila NS de Fátima, Planaltina - DF, 73300-000, BRAZIL 3 Detection of Altered Bloodstains with BlueStar® Chandra Thurston, BS*, Forensic Services, Greenwood Village Police Department, 6060 South Quebec Street, Greenwood Village, CO 80111; and Ismail M. Sebetan, PhD, and Paul Stein, PhD, Forensic Sciences Program, National University, 11255 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037-1011 3 Massacre of AWA Indians in Colombia: Genetic Identification Martha L. Camargo, BSc*, Instituto de Medicina Legal, Calle 4B Nº 36- 01, Cali, COLOMBIA 4 Index 2 Unique Evidence and Examination in Methadone Suspected Death Caroline Kelley, BS*, Nicola Ranieri, BS, and Rick A. Flurer, PhD, United States FDA-FCC, 6751 Steger Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45237; Samuel R. Gratz, PhD, FDA Forensic Chemistry Center, 6751 Steger Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45237; and Thomas W. Brueggemeyer, PhD, United States FDA-FCC, 6751 Steger Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45237 4 Some Error Rates Associated With Angle of Impact Calculations Kaitlin Leslie*, and Taylor Lowis, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Department of Entomology, 202 Entomology Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583- 0816; Larry Barksdale, MA, Lincoln Police Department, 575 South 10th Street, Lincoln, NE 68508; and David O. Carter, PhD, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Department of Entomology, 616 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0996 5 Determining Buried Human Decomposition Odor Profiles in Various Biotopes Patricia T. Caldwell, PhD*, and Douglas Beussman, PhD, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, FBI Laboratory, CFSRU, Quantico, VA 22135; Christopher Tipple, PhD, FBI Laboratory, CFSRU, Quantico, VA 22135; Mark Sabo, PhD, Catawba College, 2300 West Innes Street, SCI 207, Salisbury, NC 28144; Nishan Dulgerian, MS, Rex Stockham, MS, and Wynn Warren, BS, FBI - ERTU, FBI Laboratory, Quantico, VA 22135; and Brian A. Eckenrode, PhD, FBI Laboratory, CFSRU, Building 12, Quantico, VA 22135 5 Evaluation of the Scent Transfer Unit (STU- 100) for the Collection of Human Odor from Porous Objects Norma I. Caraballo, BSc*, Florida International University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 11200 Southwest 8th Street, CP 345, Miami, FL 33199; Howard Holness, MBA, Florida International University, 11200 Southwest 8th Street, CP330, Miami, FL 33199; DeEtta Mills, PhD, Florida International University, OE 167, Biological Sciences, 11200 Southwest 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199; and Kenneth G. Furton, PhD, Internatioal Forensic Research Institute, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33199 6 Genetic Detection of Serial Rapists in Sexual Assault Cases in Colombia Andrea Pinzon, MSc*, Medicina Legal, Calle 4B Nº 36-01, Cali, COLOMBIA 7 Determination of Cyanide as an Indicator of Bitter Almonds in a Shipment of Organic Almonds Valerie M. Toomey, BS*, Elisa A. Nickum, BS, and Cheryl L. Flurer, PhD, United States Food and Drug Administration, 6751 Steger Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45237 7 Morphological Variation in Hair From Mammals of the Order Carnivora Kevin W.P. Miller, PhD, California State University, Fresno, Chemistry & Criminology, 2555 East San Ramon Avenue, Fresno, CA 93740-8034; and Michael V. Gonzalez, BS*, California State University, Fresno, 2555 East San Ramon Avenue, MS SB70, Fresno, CA 93740 7 Morphological Variation in Hair from Mammals of the Order Artiodactyla Elsbeth S. Murata*, and Michael V. Gonzalez, BS, California State University, Fresno, 2555 East San Ramon Avenue, MS SB70, Fresno, CA 93740; and Kevin W.P. Miller, PhD, California State University, Fresno, Chemistry & Criminology, 2555 East San Ramon Avenue, Fresno, CA 93740-8034 8 Index 3 A High Throughput Protocol for Using Soil Molecular Biology as Trace Evidence Sabreena Larson, BS*, Jason M. Hustedt, BS, Amy Knobbe, MFS, and Niraj Patel, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Biochemistry, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664; Rhae A. Drijber, PhD, University of Nebraska- Lincoln, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, 279 Plant Sciences Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0915; Cheryl P. Bailey, PhD, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Department of Biochemistry, Lincoln, NE 68588- 0664; and David O. Carter, PhD, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Department of Entomology, 616 Hardin Hall, Lincoln, NE 68583-0996 9 Reliability in Forensic Science: Pedagogical Implications H. Dale Nute, PhD*, and Mark Feulner, MA, MS, Florida State University, 4750 Collegiate Avenue, Panama City, FL 32405 9 The Implementation of the Brazilian DNA Database Guilherme S. Jacques, MSc*, Hélio B. Lima, PhD, and Paulo R. Fagundes, BS, SAIS 07, Lote 23, Brasília, 70610-200, BRAZIL 10 Internal Validation of Yfiler® for Casework at the Saint Louis Metropolitan Police Department Anthony W. Eiler, BS*, 1202 McBrien Road, East Ridge, TN 37412; Samantha K. Webb, MA, Saint Louis Metropolitan Police Department, 1200 Clark Avenue, Saint Louis, MO 63103; and Pamela J. Staton, PhD, Marshall University, Forensic Science Center, 1401 Forensic Science Drive, Huntington, WV 25701 10 An Interesting Mutation at Locus DYS385 in an Uncle-Nephew Pair in a Fatherless Paternity Case Massimo Lancia, MD*, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, snc, Perugia, 06126, ITALY; Eugenia Carnevali, MD, Hospital of Terni, Via T. di Joannuccio, snc, Terni, 05100, ITALY; Alessio Coletti, MD, INPS, Via Canali, 5, Perugia, 06122, ITALY; Simona Severini, PhD, and Susanna Massetti, PhD, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, snc, Perugia, 06126, ITALY; Luigi Carlini, MD, Hospital of Terni, Via T. di Joannuccio, snc, Terni, 05100, ITALY; and Marina Dobosz, PhD, and Mauro Bacci, MD, University of Perugia, Via del Giochetto, snc, Perugia, 06126, ITALY 11 STR Data for Three Closely Linked X- Chromosomal Markers in an Argentinean Population David A. Gangitano, PhD, 14723 TC Jester Boulevard, Apartment 1118, Houston, TX 77068; Brittney C. Gonzalez, BS*, Sam Houston State University, 21800 Highland Glade Court, Kingwood, TX 77339; and Pablo A. Noseda, BS, Av. Melian 2008, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA 11 Entire mtGenome Sequencing: A Strategy for High-Quality Samples Elizabeth A. Lyons, MFS*, Kimberly Sturk-Andreaggi, MFS, Jodi A. Irwin, PhD, and Rebecca S. Just, MFS, 1413 Research Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20850 12 Determination of an Effective Housekeeping Gene for the Quantification of mRNA for Forensic Applications Lilliana I. Moreno, MA, MFS*, 7514 Woodside Lane, Apartment 31, Lorton, VA 22079; Courtney M. Tate, PhD, FBI, CFSRU, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Building 12, Room 308, Quantico, VA 22135; Erika L. Knott, BS, FBI, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Building 12, Quantico, VA 22135; Jade E. McDaniel, BS, 2395 Burnt Tree Lane, #9, East Lansing, MI 48823; Barbara W. Koons, MS, and Mark F. Kavlick, BS, FBI Laboratory, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135; Stephanie M. Rogers, BS, FBI, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Building 12, Quantico, VA 22135; Rhonda L. Craig, MS, 2046 Stargrass Court, Woodbridge, VA 22192; and James M. Robertson, PhD, Federal Bureau of Investigation, CFSRU, FBI Laboratory, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135 12 Index 4 ABO Blood Group Antigens and Mucin-Like Proteins in Human Buccal Cells Kabre’Shiya S. Austin*, Oluseyi A. Vanderpuye, PhD*, and Dwayne Goolsby, BS*, Albany State University, Forensic Science, 504 College Drive, Hartnett Building, Room 118, Albany, GA 31705 13 Kabre’Shiya S. Austin*, Oluseyi A. Vanderpuye, PhD*, and Dwayne Goolsby, BS*, Albany State University, Forensic Science, 504 College Drive, Hartnett Building, Room 118, Albany, GA 31705 Robin Freeman, MS, MBA*, Harris County Institute of Forensic Sciences, 1885 Old Spanish Trail, Houston, TX 77054 13 Protein Based Identification of Epithelial Cell Types in Forensic Samples Jo Simons, PhD, ESR, Private Bag 92 021, Aucklan , NEW ZEALAND; and Sue Vintiner, BSc*, ESR, 120 Mount Albert Road, Mount Albert, Private Bag 92021, Auckland, NEW ZEALAND 14 A Comparison of Chemical Enhancements for the Detection of Latent Blood Sarah J. Seashols, MS, Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Forensic Science, 1020 West Main Street, PO Box 843079, Richmond, VA 23284-3079; and Heather D. Cross, BS*, Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Forensic Science, 11136 Goose Creek Road, Bristol, VA 24202 14 Optimization and Application of DNA Repair Enzymes to Damaged DNA for Short Tandem Repeat DNA Analysis Jonathan Lucyshyn, BS, 7627 Gralnick Place, Springfield, VA 22153; Shauna Dineen, MS, FBI Academy, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Building 12, Quantico, VA 22135; Tracey Dawson Cruz, PhD, Virginia Commonwealth University, 1000 West Cary Street, PO Box 842012, Richmond, VA 23284; Rhonda Craig, MS, FBI Laboratory, nDNA Unit, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135; and James M. Robertson, PhD*, Federal Bureau of Investigation, CFSRU, FBI Laboratory, 2501 Investigation Parkway, Quantico, VA 22135 15 Voluntary Interruption of Pregnancy (VIP): STR Profile From Chorionic Villus as Evidence of Sexual Violence Ciro Di Nunzio, PhD*, Institute of Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Magna Graecia University,, Viale Europa Germaneto, Catanzaro, 88100, ITALY; Antonio Perna, MD*, Institute of Legal Medicine, School of Medicine,, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy, Catanzaro, 88100, ITALY; Michele Morelli, PhD*, Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine,, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy, Catanzaro, 88100, ITALY; Emilio D Oro, MD*, Institute of Legal Medicine, School of Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy, Catanzaro, 88100, ITALY; Giulio Di Mizio, PhD*, Policlinico Universitario Camp, Germaneto, Edificio Clinico, Sec. Foren Med, Viale Europa, Catanzaro, 88100, ITALY; and Pietrantonio Ricci, MD*, Università degli Studi Magna Grecia Catanzaro, Viale Europa - Località Germaneto, Catanzaro, 88100, ITALY 15 Accuracy Matters When Quantitative, Manually-Pipetted PCR Assays Transfer to Automation: A Story in Diagnosing and Troubleshooting Keith J. Albert, PhD*, Artel, 25 Bradley Drive, Westbrook, ME 04092; and Lisa Knapp, MS, Agilent Automation Solutions, 5301 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Santa Clara, CA 95051 16 Geographic Origins of Illegally Harvested Hawksbill Sea Turtle Products Elizabeth F. Shattuck, BS*, and David R. Foran, PhD, Michigan State University, Forensic Science Program, 560 Baker Hall, East Lansing, MI 48824 16 Probative Value of Male DNA on Underwear Collected From Female Children With Adult Male Caretakers Sarah Geering, BS*, Stephanie King, PhD, Shelly Steadman, MS, Steven Hoofer, PhD, and Robert C. Hansen, MS, Sedgwick County Regional Forensic Science Center, 1109 North Minneapolis, Wichita, KS 67214 17