FORAGE CROPS OF THE WORLD Volume II: Minor Forage Crops FORAGE CROPS OF THE WORLD Volume II: Minor Forage Crops Edited by Md. Hedayetullah, PhD Parveen Zaman, PhD Apple Academic Press Inc. Apple Academic Press Inc. 3333 Mistwell Crescent 9 Spinnaker Way Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Waretown, NJ 08758 Canada USA © 2019 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Exclusive worldwide distribution by CRC Press, a member of Taylor & Francis Group No claim to original U.S. Government works International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-77188-685-7 (Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-351-16728-4 (eBook) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-77188-686-4 (2-volume set, Hardcover) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-351-16724-6 (2-volume set, eBook) All rights reserved. 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ISBN 978-1-77188-684-0 (v. 1 : hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-77188-685-7 (v. 2 : hardcover).--ISBN 978-1-77188-686-4 (set : hardcover).-- ISBN 978-1-351-16736-9 (v. 1 : PDF).--ISBN 978-1-351-16728-4 (v. 2 : PDF).--ISBN 978-1-351-16724-6 (set : PDF) 1. Forage plants. I. Hedayetullah, Md., 1982-, editor II. Zaman, Parveen, 1989-, editor SB193.F67 2018 633.2 C2018-903719-9 C2018-903720-2 CIP data on file with US Library of C ongress Apple Academic Press also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic format. For information about Apple Academic Press products, visit our website at www.appleacademicpress.com and the CRC Press website at www.crcpress.com ABOUT THE EDITORS Md. Hedayetullah, PhD Md. Hedayetullah, PhD, is an Assistant Professor/Scientist and Officer In-Charge, AICRP (All India Coordinated Research Projects) on Chickpea, Directorate of Research, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal. He is a former Agronomist with the NABARD, Balasore, Odisha, India. He was also formerly a Professor at the M.S. Swaminathan Institute of Agriculture Science, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Gajapati, Odisha, India, and an Assistant Professor at the College of Agriculture, Tripura, Government of Tripura, India. Dr. Hedayetullah is the author and co-author of 20 research papers, five review papers two book chapters, and one book. Dr. Hedayetullah acquired his BS degree (Agriculture) from H.N.B. Garhwal University, Uttarakhand, India. He received his MS degree (Agronomy) from Palli Siksha Bhavana, Institute of Agriculture, Visva Bharati University, Sriniketan, West Bengal, India. He received his PhD (Agronomy) from Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India. He was awarded the Maulana Azad National Fellowship Award from the University Grant Commission, New Delhi, India. He has received several fellowship grants from various funding agencies to carry out his research works during his academic career. Parveen Zaman, PhD Parveen Zaman, PhD, is an Assistant Director of Agriculture (Farm) at the Pulse & Oilseed Research Sub-Station, Beldanga, Department of Agriculture, Government of West Bengal, India. She is author and co-author of four research papers, three review papers, and four book chapters. She acquired her BS degree (Agriculture), receiving a Gold Medal, from Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal, India. She received MS degree (Agronomy), also with Gold Medal, from Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, vi About the Editors Nadia, West Bengal, India. She was awarded the Maulana Azad National Fellowship Award from the University Grants Commission, New Delhi, India, and has received several fellowship grants from various funding agencies to carry out her research works during her academic career. CONTENTS List of Contributors ..................................................................................xi List of Abbreviations ................................................................................xv Acknowledgments ...................................................................................xvii Preface ....................................................................................................xix PART I: Nonleguminous Perennial Forages .........................................1 1. Setaria Grass (African Grass) ....................................................................3 Md. Hedayetullah, Parveen Zaman, and Dhiman Mukherjee 2. Para Grass (Buffalo Grass) ......................................................................13 Md. Riton Chowdhury 3. Doob Grass (Bermuda Grass) ..................................................................21 Md. Hedayetullah and Parveen Zaman 4. Marvel Grass (Diaz Blue Stem) ...................................................................31 Golam Moinuddin 5. Pangola Grass (Digit or Woolly Finger Grass) .......................................39 Md. Hedayetullah, Parveen Zaman, and Rajib Kundu 6. Canary Grass (Harding Grass)................................................................47 Bulbul Ahmed and Md. Hedayetullah 7. Anjan Grass (African Foxtail Grass) ......................................................55 Md. Hedayetullah, B. Bhattacharya, and Parveen Zaman 8. Rhodes Grass (Abyssinian Rhodes Grass) ..............................................65 Md. Hedayetullah and Sibajee Banerjee PART II: Leguminous Forages ............................................................75 9. Grass Pea (Indian Vetch) ..........................................................................77 Raghunath Sadhukhan, Md. Hedayetullah, and Parveen Zaman viii Contents 10. Moth Bean (Dew Bean) .............................................................................91 Parveen Zaman and Md. Hedayetullah 11. Soybean (Bhatman) .................................................................................101 Sagar Maitra 12. Fenugreek (Greek Clover) ......................................................................121 Parveen Zaman, Md. Hedayetullah, and Kajal Sengupta 13. Senji (Sweet Clover) ................................................................................131 Md. Hedayetullah, Parveen Zaman, and Raghunath Sadhukhan 14. Mung Bean (Green Gram) .....................................................................139 Kajal Sengupta 15. Urd Bean (Black Gram) .........................................................................155 Kajal Sengupta and Md. Hedayetullah PART III: Nonleguminous and Nongraminaceous Forages ............169 16. Sunflower (Sujyomukhi) .........................................................................171 A. Zaman and Parveen Zaman 17. Brassicas...................................................................................................187 Utpal Giri, Soma Giri, Navendu Nair, Abhijit Saha, Sonali Biswas, Niladri Paul, M. K. Nanda, and Protit Bandyopadhyay 18. Turnip (Salgam) ......................................................................................207 Parveen Zaman and Md. Hedayetullah 19. Gajar (Carrot) .........................................................................................215 Mohammed Abdel Fattah and Md. Hedayetullah 20. Amaranthus (Pigweed) ...........................................................................225 G. C. Bora PART IV: Leguminous Perennial Trees ............................................239 21. Subabul (River Tamarind) .....................................................................241 Sagarika Borah, Mokidul Islam, and T. Samajdar 22. Gliricidia (Quickstick) ............................................................................251 Golam Moinuddin Contents ix 23. Khejri (Prosopis) .....................................................................................259 Raj Kumar, B. S. Khadda, A. K. Rai, J. K. Jadav, and Shakti Khajuria 24. Nonconventional Legumes Forage Crops .............................................287 Dhiman Mukherjee and Md. Hedayetullah 25. Azolla: An Unconventional Forage Crop ..............................................309 Dulal Chandra Roy, Abhijit Saha, and Sonali Biswas 26. Disease Management of Nonleguminous and Nongraminaceous Forages .....................................................................321 Diganggana Talukdar and Utpal Dey Index .................................................................................................................339