May 22005 www.sbcmag.info Component Manufacturers Divided on Whole House Design 2005 NDS® for Wood Construction Chunk-Out Design Errors • Surviving Idaho ...and much more! CHANGE SSERVICE RREQUESTED PRSRT STD U.S. Postage PAID Madison,WI Permit No. 2223 SBC MMagazine•66300 EEnterprise LLane•SSuite 2200•MMadison,WI53719 Cut. Do it all M T Panel. with i ek . Project. MiTek’s design software, connector products, and component manufacturing equipment offer the best in cost-reduction and production efficiencies. Whether you need a saw, a press, a material handling system, a special piece of equipment, or anything else for component manufacturing, MiTek has a solution for you. A variety of choices in all categories – with Assemble. Handle. options that complement your existing operation. CC ™ YYBBEERR TCT RROOOFOTRFUSTS RROALLCERKPERERSS™ MT CSRmAaNrtE AA//TT LASER PROMJiTeEkC®TION SYSTEMS F Power FSr•aAm•eWr FLOLOOR OTRURSTS RROLALECRKPREESRS™ PLATES C O M P O N E N T S AW ™ Layout NPaanile-ol nA-stsheme-Fbllyy ¤ d JackRabbitTM eserve hts r g All ri WalPlus+ nc. ™ gs, I TM din THE Creating the Advantage. Now. Tek Hol MA DEiTetAriLch /FMRiTAekM JoIiNntG V,enLtLurCeTM 31Fo4r re.a4de3r s4er.v1ice2, g0o 0to w•www.sbwcmwag..inmfo/imii.teck.hotmm ©2004 Mi TM contents May 2005 • www.sbcmag.info 44 68 Component Manufacturers Divided WTCA2005 Regional on Whole House Design Workshop & Conferences by Libby Walters by WTCA Staff As the industry faces the reality of whole house If you missed this year’s Regional Workshop & design, component manufacturers continue to harbor Conferences in New Orleans and Las Vegas, conflicting opinions about it. Read an executive catch up on details from the Risk Management & summary of the issues surrounding WHD Liability Avoidance and Building Code & 56 and comments from manufacturers. Design Issues seminars. Surviving Idaho by Libby Walters Excelling in a tight market, making whole house design work for their customers, and refereeing an internal turf war: Idaho Truss is doing a lot more than surviving. 60 The Road to Re-entry: “A Practical Skill to Pay the Bills” (Part 3 of 3) by Libby Walters Go inside the walls of Marion Correctional Institute 50 (MCI) and meet inmates learning “a practical skill 74 to pay the bill” as truss technicians at Stark Marion. 2005 National Design Specification® Industry Veteran Remembered for His Colorful (NDS®) for Wood Construction Character & Contributions to the Industry by Phil Line, P.E.; John “Buddy” Showalter, P.E.; by Melinda Caldwell and Robert J. Taylor, Ph.D., P.Eng. Ronnie Wright (1937-2005) lived the kind of life The 2005 Edition of the National Design Specification few have the courage to live and made many for Wood Constructionis now approved. contributions to the structural building components Discover the changes to the 2005 NDShere. industry along the way. See page 85 for details about exciting developments at www.sbcmag.info! Columns Departments Editor’s Message • Strategic Reactions to Competitive Forces 7 Readers Respond 16 Publisher’s Message • Design Advancements Are Largely Market-Driven 12 Adventures in Advocacy 76 Technical Q&A • Chunk-Out Design Errors 14 Chapter Corner 78 Safety Scene • Proper Lifting TechniquesPrevent Back Pain 18 Calendar of Events 81 Economic Environment • A Comparison of Global Lumber Manufacturing Costs 22 Builder Banter 82 BCMC2005 • QRM to the Rescue! 26 Industry News &Data 84 WTCA Update • Proper Constuction of Wood Framed Gable End Walls 28 Classified Ads 86 • The TTT Level I Experience:New & Improved 32 In Memoriam 87 Across the Board • WTCAOpen Quarterly Meeting: Feb. 25, 2005, Atlanta, GA 34 Advertiser Index 88 For reader service, go to www.sbcmag.info/holtec.htm Code Connection • Design Limitations 42 Parting Shots 90 May 2005 Structural Building Components Magazine www.sbcmag.info 5 (cid:47)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:3) Editor’s Message (cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:49)(cid:72)(cid:90)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:87)(cid:86) Strategic Reactions to Competitive Forces (cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:78)(cid:3)(cid:92)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:191)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3) by Kendall Hoyd (cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:83)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3) T his issue of SBCis built on the theme of design and engineering enhance- (cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:83)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:4) “Of all human powers operating ments in our industry. As WTCA president, my typical marching orders are (cid:21)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:24)(cid:24)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:42)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:36)(cid:71)(cid:71)(cid:89)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:86) on the affairs of mankind, none is to come up with some material that is consistent with that theme. That won’t real- greater than that of competition.” ly happen this time for two basic reasons. One, I am, for lack of more apt terminol- (cid:11)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:28)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:12) ogy, an accountant by background, and therefore don’t know enough about engi- —Henry Clay (1777 - 1852) (cid:36)(cid:39)(cid:55)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:3)(cid:57)(cid:76)(cid:78)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:92)(cid:13) (cid:48)(cid:54)(cid:53)(cid:3)(cid:47)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:13) neering or design to even fake it. Two, I know that Libby is about to go on vaca- U.S. politician, lawyer. Speech, 1832. (cid:41)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:3) (cid:36)(cid:79)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:13) (cid:50)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:45)(cid:82)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:13) tion, and by the time this reaches SBC staff for review, she won’t be around to do (cid:36)(cid:16)(cid:49)(cid:56)(cid:16)(cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:13) (cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:79)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:13) anything about it. (cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3) (cid:37)(cid:38)(cid:48)(cid:38)(cid:13) (cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:86) Instead, I’m going to lay out a framework for evaluating our industry’s position in (cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:24)(cid:3) (cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:13) (cid:52)(cid:88)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:13) the competitive landscape of the overall construction industry. In 1979 a Harvard (cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:80)(cid:3) (cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17) (cid:53)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:88)(cid:73)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:13) professor named Michael Porter published an article entitled “How Competitive (cid:36)(cid:71)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3) (cid:40)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:13) (cid:53)(cid:82)(cid:69)(cid:69)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:13) Forces Shape Strategy” (Harvard Business Review, March-April 1979). I have (cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:92)(cid:13) (cid:54)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:16)(cid:55)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:17)(cid:13) always found his ideas very useful in providing a way to think about the strategic (cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3) problems that a business, or in our case, an industry, faces. Design and engineer- (cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:56)(cid:54)(cid:36)(cid:12)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:13) (cid:54)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:13) (cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3) ing intellectual property and knowledge are part of the definition of our competi- (cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:37)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:13) (cid:54)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:13) tive landscape, so I’m not ignoring our editorial focus completely. (cid:54)(cid:37)(cid:38)(cid:3)(cid:90)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:3)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3) (cid:46)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:88)(cid:73)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:13) (cid:55)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:47)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:17)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:13) (cid:90)(cid:90)(cid:90)(cid:17)(cid:86)(cid:69)(cid:70)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:17)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3) (cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:46)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:78)(cid:82)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:92)(cid:13) (cid:55)(cid:85)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:90)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:17)(cid:13) Dr. Porter wrote that the strength of the competitive forces in an industry deter- (cid:47)(cid:68)(cid:78)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:13) (cid:55)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:69)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:72)(cid:69)(cid:3)(cid:56)(cid:54)(cid:36)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:13) mines the profitability of an industry, and a company or industry’s evaluation of (cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:25)(cid:19)(cid:27)(cid:18)(cid:22)(cid:20)(cid:19)(cid:16)(cid:25)(cid:26)(cid:21)(cid:22)(cid:17) these forces should shape strategy. Most of what follows is a summarization of his (cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:56)(cid:54)(cid:36)(cid:13) (cid:56)(cid:54)(cid:51)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:13) 1979 article. (cid:48)(cid:76)(cid:55)(cid:72)(cid:78)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:13) (cid:57)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:47)(cid:47)(cid:38) (cid:48)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:54)(cid:68)(cid:88)(cid:90)(cid:13) (cid:58)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:85)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:13) “Every industry has an underlying structure, or a set of fundamental economic (cid:21)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:24)(cid:24)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:54)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:89)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:36)(cid:71)(cid:71)(cid:89)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:86) and technical characteristics, that gives rise to these competitive forces.” (cid:11)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:24)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:12) The basic classification of the forces that govern competition in an industry accord- (cid:38)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85) (cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:83)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:88)(cid:73)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74) ing the Dr. Porter, (you could also call this a “threat matrix” if you were more dra- (cid:41)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:56)(cid:54)(cid:36)(cid:13) (cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:86) matically inclined), is as follows: (cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) (cid:54)(cid:41)(cid:54)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17) (cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:91)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:93)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:47)(cid:47)(cid:38)(cid:13) (cid:55)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:16)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71) 1. Threat of new entrants (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:11)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:93)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:3) (cid:55)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:18)(cid:48)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:17)(cid:13) 2. Bargaining power of suppliers (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:83)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:47)(cid:47)(cid:38)(cid:12) (cid:55)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:18)(cid:56)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17)(cid:13) 3. Bargaining power of customers 4. Threat of substitute products (cid:21)(cid:21)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:19)(cid:24)(cid:24)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:37)(cid:37)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:81)(cid:93)(cid:93)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:36)(cid:71)(cid:71)(cid:89)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:86) at a glance Here is my view of how component manufacturers are situated with respect to (cid:11)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:22)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:86)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:12) these four forces. (cid:43)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:74)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:56)(cid:54)(cid:36)(cid:3)(cid:47)(cid:38) (cid:54)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17) ❑ Consider this framework for evaluating (cid:47)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:92)(cid:16)(cid:43)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:92) (cid:55)(cid:68)(cid:71)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) our industry’s position in the competitive Threat of New Entrants (cid:49)(cid:56)(cid:38)(cid:50)(cid:49)(cid:54)(cid:55)(cid:40)(cid:40)(cid:47)(cid:140) (cid:58)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:80)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:80)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:17) landscape of the construction industry. If you have a stake in the success of a structural building component manufactur- (cid:54)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:88)(cid:73)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74) ❑There are basic forces that govern indus- er, you probably live with a concern about the threat of a new competitor entering try competition: the threat of new entrants, your market. Design software advancements and equipment automation have bargaining power of suppliers and custo- greatly reduced the need for certain knowledge or experience as the minimum (cid:54)(cid:37)(cid:38)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:74)(cid:68)(cid:93)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:71)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:86)(cid:3) (cid:52)(cid:45) mers, and the threat of substitue products. price of entry to open a truss plant. Having strong skills in geometry and trigonom- (cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:74)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:72)(cid:3) ❑ Our industry brings value by providing a etry used to be critical success factors. While they are certainly useful still, you (cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:88)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:88)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3) service/product bundle that lowers costs don’t need them to open a truss plant. Design software has taken over that func- and raises quality. tion. Another major deterrent generally to new entrants within an industry is high (cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:92)(cid:4) Continued on page 8 May 2005 Structural Building Components Magazine www.sbcmag.info 7 (cid:13)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:71)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:88)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:47)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:70)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:70)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:23)(cid:18)(cid:20)(cid:24)(cid:18)(cid:19)(cid:24)(cid:17) Editor’s Message TM Continued from page 7 capital costs or initial investments to get started. As we all know, compared to other industries the initial investment to get started in our industry isn’t a really high number. Publisher Truss Publications, Inc. Product differentiation, access to distribution channels and non-scale 6300 Enterprise Lane, Suite 200 • Madison, WI 53719 related cost disadvantages are other typical barriers to entry. Many Phone: 608/310-6706 • Fax: 608/271-7006 plants in many markets probably have access to customers, or ability [email protected] • www.sbcmag.info to execute certain types of work very well, or maybe even a unique Editor access to lower cost lumber than anyone else, but truly I would guess Kendall Hoyd that none of these barriers is particularly strong in a component man- Idaho Truss & Component Co. • [email protected] ufacturer’s case either. I’ve heard hundreds of anecdotes over the Art Director years about the truss plant down the road that is simply willing to Melinda Caldwell 608/310-6729 • [email protected] work for less, and this “willingness” can usually overcome a lot. Managing Editor & Circulation Director As automation of manufacturing equipment progresses, the barrier of Libby Walters high capital investment is going up a little bit each year. As each of 608/310-6724 • [email protected] us goes through the process of automating more and more of our Advertising Manager &Editorial Review plant, the investment required to compete with existing truss plants Suzi Grundahl goes up a little bit at a time, and that lowers the threat of new 608/310-6710 • [email protected] entrants. Conversely, our industry is like virtually all others in that the Sales & Marketing Peggy Pichette advance of software capability and information technology continual- 608/310-6723 • [email protected] ly simplifies the technical part of our business—in our case, compo- Kirk Grundahl nent design. This is good for existing plants in that it lowers the cost 608/274-2345 • [email protected] of training new staff, and of executing projects with ever-higher Staff Writers for May degrees of difficulty, but it is also makes it easier for new entrants Molly E. Butz • Stephanie Lowe •Sean Shields because much of the specialized knowledge that truss plant man- Rachel Smith • Anna L. Stamm • Richard Zimmermann agers, owners and technicians used to have proprietary command of Web Site Designer is now embedded in software that can be readily obtained and Lora Gilardi learned by new players. 608/310-6711 • [email protected] The other major element governing the competitiveness of new Accountant Mike Younglove entrants in an industry is called the “experience curve.” Incumbent 608/310-6714 • [email protected] companies, by virtue of having conducted successful operations and Computer Systems Administrator transactions for a number of years enjoy the advantages of knowing Jay Edgar things like when you are better off to stick-frame a part of a roof, what 608/310-6712 • [email protected] types of customers they serve best, or how to get new employees to For advertising contact: stay longer or learn faster. Like many things in life, most of these les- Peggy Pichette • Director of Sales sons are learned the hard way, and in business that means added [email protected] • Phone: 608/310-6723 cost. Of all the barriers to entry that are present for component man- ufacturers, this one appears to be the most effective and prevalent. Send all ad materials, insertion orders, contracts & payments to: The bottom line for a component manufacturer, with respect to threat Truss Publications, Inc. of new entrants, is that we have a lot more to worry about in that 6300 Enterprise Lane • Suite 200 Madison, WI 53719 respect than Intel or Motorola or even our lumber or plate suppliers. Phone: 608/310-6706 • Fax: 608/271-7006 In entrepreneurial America, there are plenty of capitalists willing and [email protected] • www.sbcmag.info able to take on the barriers to entry that exist for component manu- facturers. The mission of Structural Building Components Magazine (SBC)is to increase the knowledge of and to promote the common interests of those engaged in manufacturing and distributing structural building components. Further, SBCstrives to ensure growth, continuity and Bargaining Power of Customers & Suppliers increased professionalism in our industry, and to be the information conduit by staying The threat of new entrants is present for component suppliers due to abreast of leading-edge issues. SBC’seditorial focus is geared toward the entire structural building component industry, which includes the membership of the Wood Truss Council of fairly low barriers to entry. Our suppliers and in large parts of the America (WTCA), the Steel Truss and Component Association (STCA) and the Structural Component Distributors Association (SCDA). These associations make up an industry strate- country, our customers, however, enjoy significant economies of scale gic planning committee called the Structural Building Components Council (SBCC). The and high capital requirements as barriers to entry in their respective opinions expressed in SBCare those of the authors and those quoted, and are not necessar- ily the opinions of the associations listed above. industries. For most truss plants, it is probably pretty rare for accounts Copyright ©2005 by Truss Publications, Inc. All rights reserved. Continued on page 10 8 May 2005 For reader service, go to www.sbcmag.info/alpine.htm Editor’s Message Threat of Substitutes Continued from page 8 Finally, some good news. As truss manufacturers, we enjoy protection in this area because the choice of substitutes for payable to pay a lumber invoice issued by a company small- trusses in most light framing applications is very limited. It is er than they are. The same goes for truss plate invoices, for another illustration of the extent of regionalization and frag- that matter. Similarly, large publicly traded companies con- mentation of our industry that there are still construction struct a large and increasing portion of the housing built in markets where stick-framed roofs compete directly with the United States, so for many manufacturers, the scale of components and maintain a healthy market share, but for the their customers is far greater than their own. most part, in most of the country, there is not much threat of The relative scale of the suppliers and customers determines some other framing product or technology displacing metal the concentration of bargaining power. As a rule, component plate connected wood trusses as the predominant product. manufacturers are price takers and don’t have much effect on We really tend to worry only about competing with each the price of 2x4s, no matter how much they shop or negoti- other and not with the suppliers of extruded plastic trusses ate. If any component manufacturer were in a position to or cast-in-place concrete residential roof systems. buy, say 50 percent of a mill’s production on a regular basis, Industry Profitability that manufacturer might have different conversations indeed So how do we maintain a healthy, profitable industry in the when it comes to the price of lumber. This is because the face of these forces which mostly seem to be arranged purchasers (component manufacturers) are fragmented and against us? We do it by being the ones able to find the value small in comparison to lumber producers, and the negotiat- propositions that meet the customers’ demands in our ing power is concentrated in favor of the sellers. Any single respective markets. What is our value proposition? We don’t manufacturer doesn’t have much influence because the own the software; most of us don’t have any proprietary transactions that manufacturer represents aren’t very impor- equipment designs or patented technologies or products, so tant in the overall fortunes of the lumber mills. how do we bring value to the customers? We bring value by Similarly, when a component manufacturer deals with a being the ones able to assemble the software, the equipment, national builder that will buy 25 or 30 percent of total produc- the flow of design information, and knowledge of the cus- tion if the manufacturer agrees to their price, the tables have tomers’ requirements into a service/product bundle that gets turned, and now the seller is disadvantaged in negotiations buildings and homes built for less money and higher quality with respect to the buyer because of the exact same phe- than they otherwise would. nomenon in reverse. The buyer is large and has concentrat- In biological terms, we are the red blood cells. The lungs are ed bargaining power with respect to the seller. The buyer’s big and important, and the muscles are big and important, decision about where to buy can have a very material affect physiologically. But if the red blood cells didn’t interact with on the fortunes of the seller. the air brought in by the lungs, pick out the oxygen, and So far after evaluating the first three factors of Dr. Porter’s transport it in just the perfect way to the muscles, muscles analysis, we find that we are faced with fairly low barriers to and lungs would be useless to the organism. We are located entry, (and therefore a reasonable threat of new competitors), in the value chain of a construction project precisely where and most component manufacturers are very small in scale the rubber hits the road, and we continue to thrive, despite all with respect to both suppliers and customers (creating trans- the competitive forces, because we transform a wide variety actional and bargaining disadvantages). Sounds great, huh? of inputs into something that makes buildings better. SBC For reader service, go to www.sbcmag.info/temple.htm 10 May 2005 Structural Building Components Magazine www.sbcmag.info Publisher’s Message Design Advancements Are Largely Market-Driven by SBC Staff T hose of you who have been in the building components industry for “Yesterday I was a dog. Today I’m more years than you have toes don’t need a reminder that times have a dog. Tomorrow I’ll probably still changed. Much of what is different today lies within the realm of component be a dog. Sigh! There’s so little design and engineering, which brings us to this issue’s theme: Design & hope for advancement.” Engineering Advancements. —Charles M. Schulz, (Snoopy) Just think of the dozens of new design software versions and upgrades you’ve U.S. cartoonist (1922 - 2000) installed. You’ve weathered the storm of multiple building code changes. The demands of the local market have changed slightly or drastically, and you’ve risen to the challenge. In the last few years, “whole house design” and “turnkey” have made their way into your daily vocabulary. Truss and component design ability has migrated from “we don’t have the capability to design that” to “if you can dream it, we can design and build it.” In short, these changes impacting truss and com- ponent design are largely market-driven. They are the result of demands from the builder and end user for building components that are safer as well as more com- plex, economical and efficient . As usual, we’ve tried to bring you a wide range of content in this issue. It’s no sur- prise that among the hottest topics in the industry is whole building/house design. And it’s a topic that’s bound to get ever hotter. Find component manufacturer per- spectives that run the gamut in “Component Manufacturers Divided on Whole Building Design” on page 44. In “Surviving Idaho” (page 56) we spotlight WTCA President Kendall Hoyd’s Idaho Truss. It seems that no matter where you go, there’s no escaping the challenges of running a successful truss plant. Find out why often the greatest reward means persevering through the rough spots. Part 3 of “The Road to Reentry” (page 60) wraps up the series, as we walk into the life of prison inmates participating in Stark Truss’s technician training program at Marion (Ohio) Correctional Facility. We hope you’ll be inspired by this group’s enthusiasm and hunger for learning a new skill that has promise to carry them through their eventual re-integration into society. And from Stark’s perspective, Robotic wall panel production? It’s finally here. training inmates from the ground up and giving them an opportunity for employ- ment (post-release) helps remedy the industry’s truss technician shortage. To Are you ready to dramatically reduce manpower, increase production and improve quality? Now you can. Robotic technology allows Damon, Pete, Rick, Squire and Tim: we wish you all the best. you to eliminate problems and costs associated with labor on the factory floor. Weinmann automated panel technology from Stiles Machinery features a CNC controlled framing station and multi-function bridge. Stud placement, nailing, sheathing fastening and routing at a glance Have you ever gotten the “chunk-out” error in your design software in the case functions are automated from the data received from your engineering or CAD programs. High speed production of one-off custom ❑ The editorial focus of this issue is Design of a truss that does not run for long spans and wondered what the heck it means? home wall panels can now be accomplished at considerably lower cost when compared to the other wall panel systems. When you & Engineering Advancements. As it turns out, WTCA staff have heard from many of you on the same question, work with Stiles Machinery you receive industry leading training, software, 24/7 technical support, parts, and field service. so we’ve decided to cover it in this issue’s Technical Q&A column. In the U.S., call Michael Miller, Product Manager at Stiles, at 616.698.7500. ❑ The market continues to drive component manufacturers to take on more building Finally, don’t forget to check out “The TTT Level I Experience: New & Improved” design functions. for some of the new features available in the second version of Truss Technician ❑ The truss manufacturing business is very Training Level I Online. Subtle changes in content and a sleek new interface takes In Canada, call Peter Aschenbrenner at Homag, 905.670.1700. challenging, yet has the ability to also be the Level I user to new heights in e-learning. For reader service, go to www.sbcmag.info/stiles.htm very rewarding through helping people There really is something for everyone in this issue. Get your design on! SBC and seeing the fruit of one’s labor. software leasing education service parts e-tech 12 May 2005 Structural Building Components Magazine www.sbcmag.info www.stilesmachinery.com Your success is our business. Technical The TPI 1-2002 commentary further states: Q & A The 1600 lb/in limit specified in Section 8.9.2 was added to the 2002 edition of the (cid:29)(cid:13)(cid:20)(cid:13)(cid:32)(cid:12)(cid:1)(cid:44)(cid:57)(cid:202)(cid:47)(cid:34)(cid:49)(cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:32)(cid:13)(cid:45)(cid:45) Chunk-Out Design Errors Standard to check against a wood “chunk- out” failure at tension joints, which testing has shown to be a failure mode that can occur, particularly with narrow-face plating. (cid:58)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:79)(cid:71)(cid:183)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:85) Test data from applications with plates on by Rachel Smith W the narrow faces of 2x4 lumber has shown e receive questions on new provisions of the ANSI/TPI 1-2002 National that the relatively high stress concentrations If you’re in the process Design Standard for Metal Plate Connected Wood Truss Construction as in the outermost portion of the narrow lumber of switching to ANSI/TPI 1-2002, more and more truss manufacturers are switching from the ANSI/TPI 1-1995 ver- faces where the teeth penetrate can result in premature wood fracture when a knot or “chunk-out”errors may be a new sion. The following question relates to a new provision in Section 8.9.2 that applies other grain deviation occurs near the plate. wrinkle in your floor truss designs. to trusses with plating on the narrow face of lumber like floor trusses. Based on this empirical limit, the maximum Read more about how to handle Question normal duration tension load is 2400 lb for these errors. Could you explain what a “chunk-out” error means in our software when we have a 4x2 or 3x2, and 4800 lb for two 4x2s or a truss that does not run for long spans? two 3x2s. As far as what you can do about it, Gary Answer Obudzinski, a senior engineer at Truswal Sys- The chunk-out provision in design software is meant to address a tems Corporation says, “Chunk-out is based on potential design failure where high tension members can tear out the member force, and if the member force (web the wood at the edge of the teeth along the grain of the wood. You or chord) is slightly over the allowable load of can think about this as very similar to what happens when you split 2,400 lbs for a 4x2 web member, for example, a piece of wood with an ax and it separates along the grain. (See (cid:53)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:4)(cid:3)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:4)(cid:3)(cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:73)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:71)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:4) we will try to move a panel point and lower photo.) Generally, changing lumber species or grade won’t help; it’s the force to be less than 2,400 lbs. If this does based on the size of the member underneath the truss plate and the not work, our suggestion is to increase the amount of axial force. (cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:71) (cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:42)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:46)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:86) member stack (i.e., add another web or two) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:85) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:73)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:68)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:15) Stu Lewis, Research & Development Manager at Alpine Engineered until it works. For example, two 2x4s are good (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:76)(cid:83)(cid:86) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:37)(cid:79)(cid:82)(cid:70)(cid:78)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:90)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:15) Products explains, “This limitation was to account for interaction of for 4,800 lbs. If a chord has chunk-out failure, (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:83)(cid:88)(cid:87) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:76)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:47)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:69)(cid:72)(cid:85) stress concentrations due to the teeth on a truss plate only penetrat- we suggest doubling the chord in that panel.” (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:47)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:72)(cid:68)(cid:85) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:86)(cid:17) ing about 1/3-inch into the lumber and stress concentrations due to Scott Coffman, a Builder’s First Source engi- (cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:47)(cid:68)(cid:85)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85) wood defects near the plate. This was found through experience (cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:93)(cid:82)(cid:81)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:79) neer, reports that he and his designers most (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:88)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:16)(cid:36)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:16)(cid:53)(cid:88)(cid:81)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74) to result in low tensile capacities of lumber even when the wood (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:86)(cid:3)(cid:36)(cid:89)(cid:68)(cid:76)(cid:79)(cid:68)(cid:69)(cid:79)(cid:72) often see the chunk-out error on longer can- defect was not under the plate, so it is not something that can be (cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:47)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:50)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:82)(cid:81) tilevers, typically 24" long, with a large point readily solved by increasing plate length.” (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:47)(cid:82)(cid:90)(cid:3)(cid:49)(cid:82)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:15)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:72) (cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:20)(cid:21)(cid:24)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:82)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:86) load at the end. His solution is to double the top (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:75)(cid:82)(cid:82)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:85)(cid:82)(cid:80) Photo of test joint after chunk-out failure in web. Section 8.9.2 of TPI 1-2002 states: chord in the cantilever with the stacked section (cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:89)(cid:72) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:76)(cid:87) extending into the back span twice the can- (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:88)(cid:87)(cid:87)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:87)(cid:86) For wood thickness greater than 2 inches with plates embedded only on the surface (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:60)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:56)(cid:81)(cid:76)(cid:84)(cid:88)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:49)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:86) tilever distance. (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:23)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:76)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:72)(cid:91)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74) normal to the thickness, the tension, T, introduced by a single joint into a wood mem- ber, shall not exceed 1600 pounds per inch of wood width, where wood thickness is The chunk-out error message may be new for (cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:68)(cid:80) (cid:135)(cid:3)(cid:38)(cid:82)(cid:80)(cid:83)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:87)(cid:72) the wood cross-section dimension perpendicular to the plane of the truss and wood those switching to TPI 1-2002, but most design (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:58)(cid:76)(cid:87)(cid:75)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:88)(cid:74)(cid:74)(cid:72)(cid:71) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:55)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:81)(cid:16)(cid:46)(cid:72)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80)(cid:86) width is the wood cross-section dimension in the plane of the truss, and this tension (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:43)(cid:92)(cid:71)(cid:85)(cid:68)(cid:88)(cid:79)(cid:76)(cid:70)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:92)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:80) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:39)(cid:72)(cid:86)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:68)(cid:81)(cid:71)(cid:3)(cid:44)(cid:81)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:79)(cid:72)(cid:71) software was already making a similar check on limit shall be adjusted per Section 6.4. (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:73)(cid:82)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:51)(cid:85)(cid:72)(cid:70)(cid:76)(cid:86)(cid:72)(cid:79)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:41)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:71)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:69)(cid:92)(cid:3)(cid:82)(cid:88)(cid:85)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:91)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:72)(cid:81)(cid:70)(cid:72)(cid:71) webs and doubling those up when necessary. at a glance (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:48)(cid:68)(cid:87)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:68)(cid:79)(cid:3)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:3)(cid:53)(cid:82)(cid:87)(cid:82)(cid:85) (cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:3)(cid:40)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:72)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:76)(cid:81)(cid:74)(cid:3)(cid:54)(cid:87)(cid:68)(cid:73)(cid:73) The difference now is that webs and chords are ❑ ANSI/TPI 1-2002 has several new provi- subject to the same check. SBC sions that you will need to get used to as To pose a question for this column, call the WTCA you change over from the 1995 version. technical department at 608/274-4849 or email ❑ Some floor truss designs created with [email protected]. For more frequently-asked (cid:94)(cid:94)(cid:94)(cid:21)(cid:61)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:51)(cid:51)(cid:42)(cid:21)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:84) 1995 provisions may develop “chunk- technical questions and answers, visit the Education & (cid:55)(cid:79)(cid:33)(cid:3)(cid:15)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:29)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:31)(cid:29)(cid:24)(cid:20)(cid:29)(cid:23)(cid:30)(cid:23)(cid:3)(cid:139)(cid:3)(cid:45)(cid:72)(cid:95)(cid:33)(cid:3)(cid:15)(cid:26)(cid:26)(cid:29)(cid:16)(cid:3)(cid:31)(cid:29)(cid:24)(cid:20)(cid:27)(cid:26)(cid:25)(cid:32) out” errors when they are re-analyzed Technical section of the WTCA web site at www. (cid:58)(cid:72)(cid:83)(cid:76)(cid:90)(cid:33)(cid:3) (cid:3)(cid:24)(cid:20)(cid:31)(cid:30)(cid:30)(cid:20)(cid:57)(cid:76)(cid:59)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:79)(cid:20)(cid:24)(cid:3)(cid:139)(cid:3)(cid:80)(cid:85)(cid:77)(cid:86)(cid:90)(cid:73)(cid:74)(cid:39)(cid:61)(cid:76)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:87)(cid:83)(cid:72)(cid:85)(cid:51)(cid:51)(cid:42)(cid:21)(cid:74)(cid:86)(cid:84) with ANSI/TPI 1-2002. woodtruss.com. More answers are only a click away! (cid:59)(cid:86)(cid:83)(cid:83)(cid:3)(cid:45)(cid:89)(cid:76)(cid:76) ❑ Doubling the particular web or chord in For reader service, go to www.sbcmag.info/vecoplan.htm that section will solve the problem. 14 May 2005 Structural Building Components Magazine www.sbcmag.info May 2005 Structural Building Components Magazine www.sbcmag.info 15 Readers Respond: This issue’s theme—Design & Engineering Advancements— brings a variety of topics to light, inspiring SBCreaders from com- ponent manufacturers to engineers to pass along their thoughts. Design It Correctly in the First Place the designs we build and ship and the cus- Component manufacturer Bob Becht of tomer installs without problem. Chambers Truss added a few comments on an Thanks for the article. I hope it stimulates article about truss design, pointing out that discussion. advances in design software allow for more efficient and economical truss design rules. Bob Becht, Chambers Truss, Fort Pierce, FL Dear Rachel, Architects & Structural Engineering I read your article “Rules of Good Truss Industry veteran John Meeks submitted the Design” in the March issue of SBC with following letter in response to a recent article great interest. Most of what I read I agreed published in STRUCTURE Magazine, sur- with but some of it was old-fashioned and rounding the issue of building design and might lead some to believe that not follow- structural engineering. For full text of the ing these guidelines is “bad design.” article, “Should Architects be Allowed to Do Structural Engineering?,” visit Support I take issue with building a studio truss as a Docsat www.sbcmag.info. scissors truss with a non-structural filler. The scissors truss with filler is not structurally Dear SBC Magazine: superior and adds a lot of useless lumber I recently came across the attached article in and plate. The scissors truss with filler has STRUCTURE Magazine and thought you three bottom chords instead of two and a might find it of interest. This paper pretty For reader service, go to www.sbcmag.info/eagle.htm world of webbing. The studio truss you show well explains the long term state of affairs has 12 pieces and 22 plates; the scissors between Architects and Engineers here in truss with filler has 19 pieces and 56 plates! QQuuiicckk DDeelliivveerryy Florida. Outside Dade and Broward counties That’s 58 percent more pieces! That just isn’t almost anyone could design a residence, the good design. In a market that demands concept being that residences are simple RReelliiaabbllee SSuuppppllyy “value engineering,” the scissors truss with structures and there is therefore no need for filler is a non-starter. The argument that the expensive Architects and Structural Engi- CCoonnssiisstteenntt QQuuaalliittyy scissors truss with filler is easier to repair neers. The unusual progression of present doesn’t bear much scrutiny. While it is easi- day residential design has evolved into the er to repair, the best solution is to design it most complex of structural designs. Ask any MSR Inventory Available correctly in the first place; we do it every day. SE if he or she would rather design a in Aurora, IL, & Reading, PA All trusses are difficult to repair if they are $2,000,000 residence or a $2,000,000 built wrong. warehouse building. My guess is that most State-of-the-Art Sawmills Our customer service department doesn’t S.E.s would prefer the warehouse. in Perry & Preston, GA report many problems with studio trusses. If How does this affect WTCA? It falls right into the drop is inches off, the repair of the studio Grade Marked SYP my earlier predictions that the wood truss truss is as easy as the scissors truss with #1, #2 & MSR industry will eventually offer complete engi- filler because in the studio, the bottom chord neered structures. The homeowners may to the right of the peak and the drop web on choose to use an Architect for the overall the right side of the peak are dead wood and building design to meet his/her family living can be cut away. One of the reasons we used conditions, but the overall S.E. design will to build a scissors truss with filler (instead of go to the nearest component manufacturer a studio) was we did not have the capability who offers complete design services. We believe in long term relationships! to design the studio truss. Now we can design anything. I thought you might find this article of con- cern to the component industry. As the market becomes ever more competi- Call 1-800-768-2105 today! tive and the truss design software becomes Very truly yours, [email protected] more capable, many of the old practices die John E. Meeks, P.A., Ft. Lauderdale, FLSBC www.tollesonlumber.com out. When I walk the shop I am amazed by For reader service, go to www.sbcmag.info/tolleson.htm 16 May 2005 Structural Building Components Magazine www.sbcmag.info For reader service, go to www.sbcmag.info/mangotech.htm Proper lifting technique is critical to back safety, but perhaps more important is proper planning. Safety Scene addition, repetitive motion can contribute to back problems. Many times the item you are moving could be moved with a piece of equipment such as a dolly or a forklift. Consider Proper Lifting Techniques Back injuries can also occur off the job and non-work related using mechanical help wherever possible. If the item needs Prevent Back Pain factors can contribute to back problems. Hobbies and leisure to be moved manually, and it is heavy or ungainly—like a activities often prove to be a source of back strain, so it’s truss or wall panel—ask for help! When using mechanical important to keep yourself in good physical shape and mon- help, remember to push, not pull—you’ll have more control, by Molly E. Butz itor all of your activities off the job as well. and greater leverage. Also be sure to fasten the load to the A ccording to the American Public Health Association (AHPA), back pain Also consider that not all back injuries are a result of sudden equipment, so sudden stops or rolling vibrations don’t cause is the single most common and costly work-related injury. And, similar trauma; many are of a cumulative type, where a repeated it to fall off. Be kind to your back and your to many occupational injuries, the hidden costs of a back injury, such as sched- minor injury has flared up, or contin- back will be kind to you! When moving an item from a hard- uling delays and decreased production rates, increase the overall financial impact ued use of a heavy tool in the same to-reach place, be sure to position enormously. position has caused pain, or a great yourself as close to the load as possi- deal of time is spent in the same Back pain and injuries can occur in varying degrees. The pain can range from dull ble. Slide it out to get it closer, and position. and achy to pure agony, and doesn’t necessarily indicate the severity of the injury. be sure that you have adequate room Sprains and strains to the muscles, tendons, ligaments and disks are a few of the By using the correct lifting posture, for your hands and arms. Be aware of main causes for back pain; however, the good news is that many of these back you can avoid back injury. Rules of adjacent obstructions on either side problems are preventable through the use of proper lifting techniques. proper lifting include: or above the load. Think about where the item will be placed once you’ve There are a wide variety of injuries that can occur in the back. Some injuries are • Size up the load before lifting— lifted it: will it be overhead? On a serious enough to require surgery, some even lead to permanent disability. Any test by moving a corner or push- shelf? Under an overhang? In a nar- back injury can limit your activity level, both on and off the job. A component ing the load. row spot? Try to allow yourself as manufacturing facility can be a particularly precarious place to work, especially • Bend the knees when lifting—let much room as possible to set the when discussing back care. Lifting or moving heavy lumber and boxes of metal your legs do the work. load down. You can always shift it plates, repetitive motions and many other daily activities can lead to pain or injury • Place feet close to the object and slightly later. Check your path from to the back. center yourself over the load. place to place so that you can • Lift straight up in a smooth correct lift remove tripping hazards and protect ...back injuries cost American industry 10 to 14 billion dollars in workers’ motion. openings. Make sure that the light- compensation costs and about 100 million work days annually. • Do not twist or turn your body ing is sufficient to see where you are once the lift is made. going. Also, stabilize uneven or loose • Make sure there is a clear path— Remember that most back injuries can be attributed to one of these causes: ground, or choose an alternate route. don’t fall over something you The shortest way isn’t always the • Poor conditioning can’t see. fastest, or the safest. • Lifting, bending or reaching with a bowed out back • Set the load down properly (with • Twisting or jerking movements your legs). As always, moderation and balance • Repetitive motion • Always push a load that is on a are important considerations in the • Slouched sitting cart—never pull it. care and maintenance of your back. • Loss of flexibility • If it is a long object, get some According to the National Institute • Lack of adequate rest help. for Occupational Safety and Health • Drug or alcohol abuse • Split the load into smaller loads if (NIOSH), back injuries cost American • Obesity and/or poor nutrition possible. industry 10 to 14 billion dollars in • Stressful work and/or living habits workers’ compensation costs and Proper lifting technique is critical about 100 million work days annual- Poor posture can contribute to back problems. As a preventative measure, it will to back safety, but perhaps more ly. A healthy lifestyle—attention to help to become aware of your postures for sleeping, standing and sitting. Two important is proper planning. Before incorrect lift posture, conditioning and body at a glance favored sleeping positions include: sleeping on your side with your knees bent or you lift that box, tool, piece of mechanics, avoiding obesity, alco- sleeping on your back. For good chair posture, sit with your knees slightly higher equipment, lumber or truss, take a moment to consider your ❑ Attention to posture, conditioning, hol, drugs and smoking, and minimizing stress—will help you than your hips with your hips located near the rear of the chair and when stand- action: in maintaining a healthy back! SBC avoiding obesity, alcohol, drugs, smok- ing, stand with the shoulders back with the spine’s “S curve” centered over the ing, and minimizing stress will take help • Do you need to lift the item manually? pelvis. To pose a question for this column or to learn more about WTCA’s you in maintaining a healthy back! • How heavy is it? Operation Safety Program, contact WTCA Staff at 608/274-4849, email ❑ Truss plants have many awkward loads Physical conditioning is important. Extra weight means extra strain on the back. • Where are you moving the item from? [email protected], or view the Operation Safety demonstration to lift and carry, so lifting care is very Even ten pounds can make a difference on the strain transferred to your back. • Where does it have to go? online at www.wtcatko.com. important. Stress can play a part in muscle spasms so it is important to take time to relax. In • What route do you have to follow? 18 May 2005 Structural Building Components Magazine www.sbcmag.info May 2005 Structural Building Components Magazine www.sbcmag.info 19