For Folk’s Sake McGill-Queen’s/BeaverbrookCanadianFoundationStudiesinArtHistory martha langfordandsandra paikowsky,serieseditors RecognizingtheneedforabetterunderstandingofCanada’sartisticculturebothathome andabroad,theBeaverbrookCanadianFoundation,throughitsgeneroussupport,makes possiblethepublicationofinnovativebooksthatadvanceourunderstandingofCanadian artandCanada’svisualandmaterialculture.Thisseriessupportsandstimulatessuch scholarshipthroughthepublicationoforiginalandrigorouspeer-reviewedbooksthat makesignificantcontributionstothesubject.WewelcomesubmissionsfromCanadian andinternationalscholarsforbook-lengthprojectsonhistoricalandcontemporary Canadianartandvisualandmaterialculture,includingNativeandInuitart,architecture, photography,craft,design,andmuseumstudies.StudiesbyCanadianscholarson non-Canadianthemeswillalsobeconsidered. ThePracticeofHerProfession TheCodexCanadensisandthe FlorenceCarlyle,CanadianPainterinthe WritingsofLouisNicolas AgeofImpressionism TheNaturalHistoryoftheNewWorld, SusanButlin HistoireNaturelledesIndesOccidentales EditedandwithanIntroductionby BringingArttoLife François-MarcGagnon, ABiographyofAlanJarvis TranslationbyNancySenior, AndrewHorrall ModernizationbyRéalOuellet PicturingtheLand MuseumPieces NarratingTerritoriesinCanadianLandscape TowardtheIndigenization Art,1500to1950 ofCanadianMuseums MarylinJ.McKay RuthB.Phillips TheCulturalWorkofPhotographyinCanada TheAlliedArts EditedbyCarolPayneand ArchitectureandCraftinPostwarCanada AndreaKunard SandraAlfoldy NewfoundlandModern RethinkingProfessionalism ArchitectureintheSmallwoodYears, EssaysonWomenandArtinCanada, 1949–1972 1850–1970 RobertMellin EditedbyKristinaHuneaultand JaniceAnderson TheOfficialPicture BreakingandEntering TheNationalFilmBoardofCanada’sStill TheContemporaryHouseCut,Spliced, PhotographyDivisionandtheImage andHaunted ofCanada,1941–1971 EditedbyBridgetElliott CarolPayne FamilyTies Paul-ÉmileBorduas LivingHistoryinCanadian ACriticalBiography HouseMuseums François-MarcGagnon AndreaTerry TranslatedbyPeterFeldstein PicturingLiberalism OnArchitecture PhotographyandtheMaking MelvinCharney:ACriticalAnthology ofModernToronto EditedbyLouisMartin SarahBassnett MakingTorontoModern ArchitectureonIce ArchitectureandDesign,1895–1975 AHistoryoftheHockeyArena ChristopherArmstrong HowardShubert NegotiationsinaVacantLot ForFolk’sSake StudyingtheVisualinCanada ArtandEconomyinTwentieth-Century EditedbyLyndaJessup,ErinMorton,and NovaScotia KirstyRobertson ErinMorton VisiblyCanadian ImagingCollectiveIdentitiesintheCanadas, 1820–1910 KarenStanworth For Fo l k ’s Sa ke Art and Economy in Twentieth-Century Nova Scotia ERIN MORTON McGill-Queen’sUniversityPress Montreal&Kingston • London • Chicago ©McGill-Queen’sUniversityPress2016 isbn978-0-7735-4811-4(cloth) isbn978-0-7735-4812-1(paper) isbn978-0-7735-9986-4(epdf) Legaldepositfourthquarter2016 BibliothèquenationaleduQuébec PrintedinCanadaonacid-freepaper Thisbookhasbeenpublishedwiththehelpofagrantreceivedfrom theCanadaCouncilArtBooksProgram,fundedbytheWritingand PublishingandVisualArtsSections.Fundinghasalsobeenreceived fromtheUniversityofNewBrunswick. McGill-Queen’sUniversityPressacknowledgesthesupportofthe CanadaCouncilfortheArtsforourpublishingprogram.Wealso acknowledgethefinancialsupportoftheGovernmentofCanada throughtheCanadaBookFundforourpublishingactivities. LibraryandArchivesCanadaCataloguinginPublication Morton,Erin,1981–,author Forfolk’ssake:artandeconomyintwentieth-centuryNovaScotia/ ErinMorton. (McGill-Queen’s/BeaverbrookCanadianFoundationstudies inarthistory) Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. Issuedinprintandelectronicformats. isbn978-0-7735-4811-4(cloth).–isbn978-0-7735-4812-1(paperback). –isbn978-0-7735-9986-4(epdf) 1.Folkart–NovaScotia–History–20thcentury. 2.Folkart–Economic aspects–NovaScotia–History–20thcentury. 3.Folkartists–History– 20thcentury. 4.Folkartists–NovaScotia–Economicconditions–20th century. 5.NovaScotia–Culturalpolicy–History–20thcentury. 6.Nova Scotia–Economicconditions–20thcentury. I.Title. II.Series:McGill- Queen’s/BeaverbrookCanadianFoundationstudiesinarthistory nk842.n69m672016 745.0971609'045 c2016-903873-4 c2016-903874-2 Thiseditionwasdesignedandtypesetbystudiooneonone inFilosofia11/14 DedicatedwithlovetothememoriesofHelen, mygrandmotherandfirstartteacher;Donnie, mygrandfatherandtheonlywoodcarverwho everletmepainthiscreations;andTrudyand PaulaGarson,whoinspiredgenerationsof weirdartkidsinYarmouth Cont e nt s verso Acknowledgments • xi Preface • xv INTRODUCTION 1 TheHistoricalPresentismofFolkArt • 3 2 AGenealogyofFolkArtinCanada:NostalgiaandtheAncestry ofModernArt • 17 PART ONE ArtInstitutionsandtheInstitutionalizationofFolkArt 3 “BehindThoseWeatheredDoors”:ChrisHuntington,theArtGallery ofNovaScotia,andtheInstitutionalizationoftheFolkloricFuture • 39 4 TeachingtheSelf-Taught:CollinsEisenhauer,theNovaScotiaCollege ofArtandDesign,andtheArt-WorldEconomiesofFolkArt • 86 5 “TalesofTheseHalcyonDays”:TheCentralizedDecentralization ofRegionalCultureMaking • 133 PART TWO MaudLewisandtheSocialAestheticsoftheEveryday 6 OrdinaryAffects:PublicHistory,MaudLewis,andtheCulturalObject ofOptimisminRuralNovaScotia • 175 7 CommemorativeExpectations:TheCommunity-CorporateModel oftheMaudLewisPaintedHousePreservation • 218 8 ArtWorks:TheMaudLewisAuthority,Tourism,andNeoliberalCopyright • 260 CONCLUSION 9 TheAfterImagesandAfterAffectsofFolkArtinthePresent • 295 Illustrations • 305 Notes • 313 Bibliography • 373 Index • 393