99778800552200228811221199__PPRRIINNTT..iinndddd aa 1166//1100//1133 88::0044 PPMM The publisher gratefully acknowledges the generous support of the Philip E. Lilienthal Asian Studies Endowment Fund of the University of California Press Foundation, which was established by a major gift from Sally Lilienthal. 99778800552200228811221199__PPRRIINNTT..iinndddd bb 1166//1100//1133 88::0044 PPMM Following the Leader 99778800552200228811221199__PPRRIINNTT..iinndddd ii 1166//1100//1133 88::0044 PPMM This page intentionally left blank Following the Leader Ruling China, from Deng Xiaoping to Xi Jinping David M. Lampton university of california press Berkeley • Los Angeles • London 99778800552200228811221199__PPRRIINNTT..iinndddd iiiiii 1166//1100//1133 88::0044 PPMM University of California Press, one of the most distinguished university presses in the United States, enriches lives around the world by advancing scholarship in the humanities, social sciences, and natural sciences. Its activities are supported by the UC Press Foundation and by philanthropic contributions from individuals and institutions. For more information, visit www.ucpress.edu. University of California Press Berkeley and Los Angeles, California University of California Press, Ltd. London, England © 2014 by The Regents of the University of California Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Lampton, David M. Following the leader : ruling China, from Deng Xiaoping to Xi Jinping / David M. Lampton. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-0-520-28121-9 (cloth : alk. paper) — isbn 978-0-520-95739-8 (e-book) 1. China—Politics and government—1976–2002. 2. China—Politics and government—21st century. 3. Political leadership—China. 4. Political culture— China. I. Title. JQ1516.L36 2013 320.951—dc23 2013032715 Manufactured in the United States of America 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 In keeping with a commitment to support environmentally responsible and sustainable printing practices, UC Press has printed this book on Natures Natural, a fi ber that contains 30% post-consumer waste and meets the minimum requirements of ansi/niso z39.48-1992 (r 1997) (Permanence of Paper). 99778800552200228811221199__PPRRIINNTT..iinndddd iivv 2244//1100//1133 66::5588 PPMM To Noah Joseph and Sadie Mae Lampton, who will live with and shape this century’s relations with China 99778800552200228811221199__PPRRIINNTT..iinndddd vv 1166//1100//1133 88::0044 PPMM This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Illustrations and Tables ix Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 1. Evolution in the Revolution 13 part one. china, a wide-angle view 2. Governance and Leadership 47 3. Policy Making 78 4. The World 108 part two. china, an up-close view 5. Nightmares 139 6. Soldiers and Civilians 165 7. Negotiation Chinese Style 192 Conclusion: Driving beyond the Headlights 219 Appendix: The Interviews and Interviewing in China 233 Notes 247 Index 281 99778800552200228811221199__PPRRIINNTT..iinndddd vviiii 1166//1100//1133 88::0044 PPMM