FLORISITIC COMPOSITION AND DIVERSITY OF AMAZONIAN RAINFOREST BRYOPHYTES IN THE STATE OF ACRE, BRAZIL. Denise Pinheiro da COSTA 1 ABSTRACT - Bryophyte diversity in Amazonian Brazil is high, presently recorded at 514 species distributed among 36 families and 89 genera. Comparisions of species richness among the Amazonian states of Brazil suggests that the bryoflora of Acre is still underestimated, pres- ently recorded at 106 species distributed among 33 families and 63 genera. After two field trips, the diversity increased 50% showing that the bryoflora is still poorly known. Collection data and comments on morphology, ecology and distribution are given for sixty-two species of bryo- phytes collected in the state of Acre, Brazil, which are new (fifty-two species) or interesting floristic records (ten species). Microlejeunea crenulifolia (Gottsche) Steph. and Stictolejeunea balfourdii Mitt. are new records for Brazil and fifty species are new records for Acre. Key-words: diversity, bryophyte, Acre, Brazil. Composição florística e diversidade de briófitas em floresta no Estado do Acre, Brasil RESUMO - A diversidade de briófitas na região Amazônica brasileira é alta, sendo citado atualmente, 514 espécies, em 36 famílias e 89 gêneros. Comparações entre a riqueza de espécies dos estados da Amazônia brasileira sugerem que a brioflora do Acre ainda é subestimada, contando atualmente com 106 espécies, distribuídas em 33 famílias e 63 gêneros. Após duas excursões científicas, a diversidade para o estado aumentou em 50 %, demonstrando que a brioflora ainda é pouco conhecida. Dados sobre a morfologia, ecologia e distribuição geográfica são apresentados para sessenta e duas espécies de briófitas coletadas no estado do Acre, Brasil, as quais são registros florísticos novos (cinquenta e duas espécies) ou interessantes (dez espécies). Microlejeunea crenulifolia (Gottsche) Steph. e Stictolejeunea balfourdii Mitt. são citadas pela primeira vez para o Brasil e cinquenta espécies são novas ocorrências para o estado do Acre. Palavras-chave: diversidade, briófitas, Acre, Brasil. INTRODUCTION 1994); a catalog of Amazonian mosses includ- ing Brazilian states (Churchill, 1998); and the A total of 500 species of bryophytes liverworts and hornworts of Brazil (Gradstein are estimated to occur in the Amazonian re- & Costa, 2003). In this work 62 species of gion in Brazil (Table 1). Although consider- bryophytes are listed as new records for Acre able parts of the Brazilian Amazon (states of (52 species), and 10 are considered to be inter- Amazonas and Pará) have been studied, little esting floristic record. Trees, shrubs, lianas, information has been available for the state of herbs, and soils were sampled randomly for Acre (106 species of bryophytes are records bryophytes in primary lowland rainforests of published). There are only four papers per- the Tarauacá and Juruá rivers on two field trips taining to the bryophytes of Acre: new (1995 and 2000 – for bryophytes). The present occurences of bryophytes in the Brazilian paper increases the known bryophyte diversity Amazon (Lisboa & Yano, 1987); a list of of Acre by 50%. These results show that the bryophytes from Rio Branco (Vital & Visnadi, bryoflora of Acre is still poorly known, and 1Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Pacheco Leão 915, 22460-030, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil, e-mail: [email protected] BACryToAp AhyMtAesZ OofN AICcAre 3..3.(3): 399-414 399 more efforts are needed to better document the ments on morphology, ecology and distribution region bryophyte diversity in spite of the (the world and Brazil) are given for sixty-two records published. Collection data and com- species of bryophtes. Table 1 – Bryophyte species in the Amazonian states of Brazil (sensu lato). * = Data from Churchill (1998) and ** = Data from Gradstein & Costa (2003). STATES SPECIESOFMOSSES* SPECIESOFHEPATICS** NUMBEROFSPECIES Roraima 59 53 112 Rondônia 108 19 117 Amapá 24 21 45 Acre 60(+16) 46(+36) 106(+54) Amazonas 205 232 437 Pará 133 132 265 Maranhão 11 7 18 Goiás 6 48 54 MatoGrosso 51 65 611 TOTAL 264spp. ca.250spp. ca.514 Noronha (FN), Alagoas (AL), Sergipe (SE), MATERIAL AND METHODS Bahia (BA). Middle-West: Goiás (GO), Mato In 1995 the present author began a col- Grosso (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS). laboration with the Universidade Federal do Southeast: Minas Gerais (MG), Acre (UFAC), and to date, two field trips Espírito Santo (ES), Rio de Janeiro (RJ), São (Tarauacá and Juruá rivers) have yielled a total Paulo (SP). of 600 specimens and 130 species of bryo- South: Paraná (PR), Santa Catarina (SC), phytes, including several new records for the Rio Grande do Sul (RS). state of Acre and two for Brazil. Samples were The symbols preceding the taxa mean: collected in the vegetation of terra firme, várzea * = new record to Acre (52 species: 36 hepat- (floodplain), igarapé (streams), and salão (walls ics and 16 mosses); ** = new record to Brazil of the rivers and streams presenting canalized (2 hepatics). stretches are called salões). All the samples RESULTS collected are deposited at the herbarium of the Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro (RB), with A total of 130 bryophytes species were duplicates sent to the herbarium of the identified during two field trips carried out in Universidade Federal do Acre (UFAC). 1995 and 2000 (130 species in 65 genera and The taxa are listed alphabetically by 27 families) to Acre, of which fifty-two spe- family, genus, and species separated in two cies are new records for Acre (36 hepatic and groups, hepaticae and mosses. Taxonomic and 16 mosses) and two are new records for bryogeographical comments are given. The Brazil. Brazilian states are presented by the main geo- In total, sixty-two taxa are listed by graphical regions and the names of the states family, genus and species separated in hepat- are abbreviated as follows: ics and mosses, with taxonomical comments, North: Roraima (RR), Rondônia (RO), geographical distribution (world and Brazil), Amapá (AP), Acre (AC), Amazonas (AM), references, and specimens examined. Pará (PA), Tocantins (TO). The interesting records were selected, Northeast: Maranhão (MA), Piauí (PI), based mostly on the range extensions and, in Ceará (CE), Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Paraíba general, the comments were included in the (PB), Pernambuco (PE), Ilha Fernando de species distribution. 400 Costa Hepaticae 1992). Brazil: PA, PB, PE, FN, SE, BA, GO, MT, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, RS. Aneuraceae Acre: Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de * Riccardia amazonica (Spruce) S. W. Pesquisa da Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, Arnell on fallen branch, 4-XII-2000, Costa 4003 p.p. Similar to R. tenuicula, differing in the (RB). main axis being 4-7 cells thick, while R. * Frullania nodulosa (Reinw., Blume tenuicula is only 3 cells thick. General distri- & Nees) Nees bution: Afro-American, widely distributed in Recognized by the pendent lobules. Tropical America (Meenks, 1987). Brazil: AP, General distribution: Tropical and subtropical AM, PA, PE, ES, RJ, SP. regions of Asia, Africa, and America (Schuster, Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da 1992). Brazil: RR, AM, PA, PE, BA. Praia do Carapanã, Colocação do Seringal do Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Sumaré, 8°30’84”-71°27’83”, on decaying Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da wood, 19-XI-1995, Costa 2652 (RB); Praia do Carapanã, Fazenda do Barro, 8°20’71- Colocação Samauma, 8°23’03”-71°17’27”, on 80”-71°11’97-91”, on fallen branch, 16-XI- rotten wood, 24-XI-1995, Costa 2831 (RB), 1995, Costa 2571 (RB); Colocação Bom on the base of tree trunk, Costa 2851 p.p. (RB); Jardim, 8°17’80”-71°08’60”, on soil, 26-XI- Colocação Bom Jardim, 8°17’80”-71°08’60”, 1995, Costa 2904 (RB). on rotten wood, 26-XI-1995, Costa 2898 (RB); Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá, Rio Tejo, Lejeuneaceae Vila da Restauração, Base de Pesquisa da Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, on decaying * Acrolejeunea emergens (Mitt.) Steph. wood, 30-XI-2000, Costa 3930 (RB); on de- Recognized by the lobule with 2-4 teeth. caying wood, 1-XII-2000, Costa 3959 (RB). General distribution: Tropical America, Africa, * Riccardia digitiloba (Spruce ex and India (Gradstein, 1994). Brazil: RR, RO, Steph.) Pagán Easily recognized by the tiny thallus AM, PA, MA, BA, GO, MS, MT, MG, RJ, with gemmiferous branches like fingers. Ge SP. neral distribution: Tropical America (Hell, Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do 1969). Brazil: AM, PE, ES, MG, RJ, SP. Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Praia do Carapanã, after Erundina’s house, Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da 8°32’85”-71°28’65”, on bark, 17-XI-1995, Praia do Carapanã, Colocação Bom Jardim, Costa 2601 (RB). 8°17’80”-71°08’60”, on bark, 26-XI-1995, * Amphilejeunea reflexistipula (Lehm. Costa 2906 (RB); Reserva Extrativista do Alto & Lindenb.) Gradst. Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de Underleaves entire, orbicular to reniform Pesquisa da Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, (1-1,5 x wider than long), more than 3 x stem on decaying wood, 30-XI-2000, Costa 3943 width. General distribution: Tropical South p.p. (RB); on decaying wood, 1-XII-2000, America, reaching Argentina (Schäfer-Verwimp, Costa 3958 p.p. (RB). 1991). Brazil: AM, MT, ES, RJ, SP. Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Frullaniaceae Vale do Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva * Frullania ericoides (Nees) Mont. Indígena da Praia do Carapanã, Colocação Leaves squarrose when moist, lobules do Seringal de Tamandaré, 8°32’85”-71°28’65”, saccate close to the stem, stylus uniseriate (4- on bark, 18-XI-1995, Costa 2614 (RB); 7 cells long), and surface of perianth rough. on palm trunk, 18-XI-1995, Costa General distribution: Pantropical (Schuster, 2635 p.p. (RB). Bryophytes of Acre... 401 * Cephalantolejeunea temnanthoides Pesquisa da Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, (Steph.) R.M. Schust. on decaying wood, 1-XII-2000, Costa 3951 p. Underleaves entire, perianth keels den- p. (RB). ticulate, female branches arise from the axils of * Cheilolejeunea clausa (Nees & male bracts. General distribution: a rare Ama- Mont.) R.M. Schust. zonian rheophyte species (Reiner-Drehwald & Recognized by the leaves not caducous, underleaves orbicular, bifid to 1/3 or more, base Weiss, in press). Brazil: AM (Rio Juruá), this rounded. General distribution: Tropical America is the second report to Brazil. (Schuster, 1980). Brazil: AM, PA, PE, BA, GO, Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do MS, MG, RJ, SP, PR. Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Praia do Carapanã, Colocação do Seringal do Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Sumaré, 8°30’84”-71°27’83”, on banks along Praia do Carapanã, Colocação do Seringal do the rivulet, 19-XI-1995, Costa 2683 p.p. (RB); Sumaré, 8°30’84”-71°27’83”, on fallen trunk, Colocação Vai quem quer, 8°24’39”-71°17’90”, 19-XI-1995, Costa 2654 p.p. (RB); Colocação on root, 23-XI-1995, Costa 2783 (RB); Vai quem quer, 8°20’72”-71°11’95”, on rotten Colocação Samauma, 8°23’03”-71°17’27”, on wood, 23-XI-1995, Costa 2812 (RB); Reserva rotten wood, 24-XI-1995, Costa 2823 p.p. Extrativista do Alto Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da (RB); Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá, Rio Restauração, Base de Pesquisa da Restauração, Tejo, Cachoeira da Boa Vista em direção a 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, on fallen branch, 30-XI- Restauração, on banks along the river, 3-XII- 2000, Costa 3927 p.p. (RB); on fallen branch, 2000, Costa 3991 p.p. (RB). 1-XII-2000, Costa 3951 p.p. (RB). * Ceratolejeunea cornuta (Lindenb.) * Cololejeunea obliqua (Nees & Schiffn. Mont.) Schiffn. Leaves with ocelli not in a row, Leaves more or less symmetric, ovate or underleaves ovate, more than 2 x the stem rounded, lobe cells papillose, lobules bidentate, width, perianth with four terete horns. Gen- perianth cells papillose. General distribution: eral distribution: Tropical America. Brazil: RR, Tropical America (Pôrto, 1989, 1990). Brazil: AM, PA, PE, RJ, SP, PR, SC. RO, AP, AM, PA, PE, MG, RJ, SP, PR, SC. Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Praia do Carapanã, Colocação Morada Nova, Praia do Carapanã, Seringal do Pacujá, 8°20’72”-71°11’95”, on living leaves, 25-XI- 8°17’38”-71°06’40”, on decaying wood, 15-XI- 1995, Costa 2888 p.p. (RB); Reserva 1995, Costa 2533 p.p. (RB); Fazenda do Barro, Extrativista do Alto Juruá, Rio Bagé, 8°56’11”- 8°20’71-80”-71°11’97-91”, on bark, 16-XI- 72°33’41”, on living leaves, 28-XI-2000, Costa 1995, Costa 2560 (RB); Colocação do Seringal 3903 p.p. (RB); Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, do Sumaré, 8°30’84”-71°27’83”, on bark, 19- Base de Pesquisa da Restauração, 9°02’52”- XI-1995, Costa 2668 (RB); Colocação 72°16’22”, on living leaf of palm, 30-XI-2000, Samauma, 8°23’03”-71°17’27”, on decaying Costa 3937 (RB); on living leaf of bromelia, wood, 24-XI-1995, Costa 2842 p.p., 2859 p.p. Costa 3938 p.p. (RB); on fallen branch, Costa (RB); on bark, Costa 2883 (RB). 3950 p.p. (RB); on living leaf of palm, 1-XII- * Cheilolejeunea adnata (Kunze) 2000, Costa 3955 p.p. (RB). Grolle * Cololejeunea subcardiocarpa Tixier Recognized by the caducous leaves with Leaves with hyaline border extending to marginal rhizoids. General distribution: Tropi- the dorsal lobe margin, cells smooth, lobules cal America (Grolle, 1977). Brazil: RR, AM, well developed. General distribution: Tropical PA, PE, MG, ES, SP, PR. America (Tixier, 1980). Brazil: AM, PE, MG, Acre: Reserva Extrativista do Alto ES, SP, PR, SC. Juruá, Rio Bagé, 8°56’11”-72°33’41”, on the Acre: Reserva Extrativista do Alto base of tree trunk, 28-XI-2000, Costa 3904 p.p. Juruá, Rio Bagé, 8°56’11”-72°33’41”, on liv- (RB); Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de ing leaves, 28-XI-2000, Costa 3901 p.p. (RB). 402 Costa * Lejeunea boryana Mont. tion: Pantropical. According to Gradstein Easily recognized by the underleaves (1994), a rare species in the Neotropics. Bra- with a tooth on the lateral margin and cuticle zil: AM, this is the second record for Brazil. strongly papillose. General distribution: West Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Indies, Venezuela, Guianas, and Brazil. (Reiner- Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Drehwald & Goda, 2000). Brazil: AM, PA, RJ. Praia do Carapanã, Fazenda do Barro, 8°14’- Acre: Reserva Extrativista do Alto 70°57”, on bark, 15-XI-1995, Costa 2553 (RB). Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de * Lopholejeunea nigricans (Lindenb.) Pesquisa da Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, Schiffn. on bark, 1-XII-2000, Costa 3960 p.p. (RB). Leaf apex apiculate or rounded, devel- Lejeunea phyllobola (Nees) Mont. oped lobule partially flattened with free mar- Plants with caducous leaves, and gin acute, perianth emergent. General distribu- tion: Pantropical (Gradstein, 1994). Brazil: androecium with bracteoles throughout the AM, PA, PE, GO, MT, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, antheridial spike. General distribution: Tropi- SC. cal America (Schuster, 1980). Brazil: AC, AM, Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do PA, BA, ES, RJ, SP, RS. Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Praia do Carapanã, Colocação do Seringal do Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Sumaré, 8°30’84”-71°27’83”, on the canopy Praia do Carapanã, Fazenda do Barro, 8°20’71- branch, 19-XI-1995, Costa 2671 p.p. (RB); 80”-71°11’97-91”, on branches of canopy, 16- Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá, Rio Bagé, XI-1995, Costa 2562 (RB); Reserva Extrativista 8°56’11”-72°33’41”, on bark, 28-XI-2000, do Alto Juruá, Rio Bagé, 8°56’11”-72°33’41”, Costa 3906 p.p. (RB); Rio Tejo, Vila da on bark, 28-XI-2000, Costa 3905 p.p. (RB); Restauração, Base de Pesquisa da Restauração, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de Pesquisa 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, on bark, 30-XI-2000, da Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, on bark, Costa 3922 p.p. (RB); on decaying wood, 30- 30-XI-2000, Costa 3944 (RB); on decaying XI-2000, Costa 3942 p.p. (RB); Foz do Rio wood, 2-XII-2000, Costa 3970 p.p. (RB); Tejo, Hospedaria, 8°57’7”-72°33’34”, on rot- Cachoeira da Boa Vista em direção a ten wood, 6-XII-2000, Costa 4010 p.p. (RB). Restauração, on tree trunk, 3-XII-2000, Costa ** Microlejeunea crenulifolia 3995 (RB); Foz do Rio Tejo, Hospedaria, (Gottsche) Steph. 8°57’7”-72°33’34”, on bark, 6-XII-2000, Costa Easily recognized by the distant leaves, 4014 (RB). apex rounded, margin distinctly crenate-serrate. * Lejeunea laetevirens Nees & Mont. General distribution: Trinidad and French Plants with caducous branches, with Guiana (Bischler et al., 1963). According to normal or reduced lobules, or both in the same Bischler et al. (1963), rare and probably con- fined to the Antilles and Guiana, this is the first plant, and underleaves with a conspicuous lat- record for Brazil. eral tooth. General distribution: Tropical Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do America, Southeastern USA, Paraguay, and Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Northern Argentina (Reiner-Drehwald, 2000). Praia do Carapanã, Colocação do Seringal de Brazil: RR, PA, PE, FN, BA, ES, RJ, SP. Tamandaré, 8°32’85”-71°28’65”, on palm Acre: Reserva Extrativista do Alto trunk, 18-XI-1995, Costa 2635 p.p. (RB); Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de Colocação Bom Jardim, 8°17’80”-71°08’60”, Pesquisa da Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, on palm root, 26-XI-1995, Costa 2899 (RB). on decaying wood, 30-XI-2000, Costa 3935 ** Stictolejeunea balfourdii Mitt. (RB). According to Gradstein (1994), this * Lopholejeunea eulopha (Taylor) species has been little collected and probably Schiffn. has been overlooked. It is recognized by the Recognized by the underleaves of main Lejeunea-type vegetative branches, underleaves stems twice wider than long and female suborbicular with two or three times stem bracteole strongly toothed. General distribu- width. General distribution: Tropical America Bryophytes of Acre... 403 and Africa, Malesia, Australia, New Caledonia, ing wood, 30-XI-2000, Costa 3924 p.p. Caroline Islands, and Hawaii (Gradstein, 1994). (RB); on liana, 30-XI-2000, Costa 3929 p.p. This is the first record for Brazil. (RB). Acre: Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá, Foz do Rio Tejo, Hospedaria, 8°57’7”- Marchantiaceae 72°33’34”, on tree root, 6-XII-2000, Costa * Marchantia chenopoda L. 4012 (RB). Recognized by the ventral scales along * Symbiezidium barbiflorum (Lindenb. thallus midline, appendages with acuminate & Gottsche) A. Evans apex, and margins of gemmae cups strongly Recognized by the perianth with short ciliate. General distribution: Tropical America spines, cilia or lacinia in the ventral surface. (Bischler, 1984; Hell, 1969; Vianna, 1985). General distribution: Tropical America Brazil: AM, MT, DF, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, (Gradstein, 1994). Brazil: AM, PA, PE, BA, RS. ES, RJ, SP, SC. Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Praia do Carapanã, Fazenda do Barro, 8°14’- Praia do Carapanã, Colocação Morada Nova, 70°57”, on bank soil, 15-XI-1995, Costa 2554 8°20’71-80”-71°11’97-91”, on bark, 16-XI- (RB); Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá, Rio 1995, Costa 2580 (RB); Colocação do Seringal Tejo, on bank soil along river, 27-XI-2000, do Sumaré, 8°30’84”-71°27’83”, on rotten Costa 3898 p.p. (RB); Cachoeira da Boa Vista wood, 19-XI-1995, Costa 2681 p.p. (RB); forward to Restauração, on bank soil along the Colocação do Macuripe, 8°27’64”-71°22’31”, river, 3-XII-2000, Costa 3989 p.p. (RB). on rotten wood, 20-XI-1995, Costa 2681 p.p. Monocleaceae (RB); 8°26’96”-71°20’95”, on bark, 21-XI- 1995, Costa 2734, 2742 (RB); Colocação * Monoclea gottschei Lindb. Vai quem quer, 8°24’39”-71°17’90”, on bark, Frequently confused with Dumortiera 23-XI-1995, Costa 2784, 2792, 2800 p.p. hirsuta (Sw.) Nees, differing in the thallus (RB); Colocação Samauma, 8°23’03”- margin undulate-crispate, without a midrib, and 71°17’27”, on bark, 24-XI-1995, Costa 2847, with oil bodies on the surface. General distri- 2850, 2853 (RB); Colocação Morada Nova, bution: Tropical and subtropical America 8°20’72”-71°11’95”, on liana, 25-XI-1995, (Gradstein et al., 1992). Brazil: AM, PE, RJ, Costa 2866 (RB); on bark, Costa 2877 p.p., SP, RS. This is the second record for the Ama- 2886 p.p. (RB); Colocação Bom Jardim, zonian region. 8°17’80”-71°08’60”, on bark, 26-XI-1995, Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Costa 2896 (RB). Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da * Symbiezidium transversale (Sw.) Praia do Carapanã, 8°26’96”-71°20’95”, on Trevis. bank soil along rivulet (igarapé), 21-XI-1995, Ventral surface of the perianth smooth Costa 2753 (RB); Colocação Samauma, or with cilia or lacinia in 1-2 rows. General 8°23’03”-71°17’27”, on rotten wood, 24-XI- distribution: Tropical America (Gradstein, 1995, Costa 2843, 2857, 2884 (RB); Reserva 1994). Brazil: AP, AM, PA, MG, ES, RJ. Extrativista do Alto Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de Pesquisa da Restauração, Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, on bank soil along rivu- Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da let (igarapé), 30-XI-2000, Costa 3928 p.p. Praia do Carapanã, Colocação Morada Nova, (RB). 8°20’72”-71°11’95”, on bark, 25-XI-1995, Costa 2892 (RB); Reserva Extrativista do Alto Pallaviciniaceae Juruá, Rio Bagé, 8°56’11”-72°33’41”, on bambu, 28-XI-2000, Costa 3908 p.p. (RB); Rio * Pallavicinia lyelii (Hook.) Gray Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de Pesquisa Similar to Symphyogyna brasiliensis da Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, on decay- (Nees) Nees & Mont., differing in the pres- 404 Costa ence of slime hairs along the margins. General Acre: Reserva Extrativista do Alto distribution: Widespread (Hässel de Menéndez, Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de 1961; Hell, 1969). Brazil: AM, PA, RJ, SP, SC, Pesquisa da Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, RS. on canopy branches, 1-XII-2000, Costa 3964 Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do p.p. (RB). Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da * Plagiochila gymnocalycina (Lehm. Praia do Carapanã, 8°26’96”-71°20’95”, on & Lindenb.) Lindenb. soil, 21-XI-1995, Costa 2733 (RB). Plants with intercalary branches, leaves * Symphyogyna brongniartii Mont. very fragile and caduceus, and apex bifid with Thallus deeply lobate to the midrib, two teeth, margin toothed or entire (upper half), lobes with distinct tooth. General distribution: and perianth naked, not surrounded by large Tropical America. Brazil: AM, MG, RJ, SP, bracts. General distribution: Tropical America SC. (Heinrichs et al., 1998). Brazil: PE, MG, RJ, Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do SP, SC; this is the first record for Amazonian Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da region. Praia do Carapanã, 8°26’96”-71°20’95”, on Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do termite nests, 21-XI-1995, Costa 2738 p.p. Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da (RB). Praia do Carapanã, Colocação do Seringal de Tamandaré, 8°32’85”-71°28’65”, on bark, 18- Plagiochilaceae XI-1995, Costa 2633 p. p. (RB); Colocação Samauma, 8°23’03”-71°17’27”, on rotten * Plagiochila aerea Taylor wood, 24-XI-1995, Costa 2844, 2849 (RB). Recognized by the leaves narrow elon- * Plagiochila martiana (Nees) gate with one or two large teeth at the apex, Lindenb. cells elongate. General distribution: Tropical Leaves imbricate, flattened, large on the America (Grolle & Heinrichs, 1999). Brazil: base, decurrent, ventral base entire, apex trun- reported without locality. cate with few teeth. General distribution: Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Tropical America. Brazil: PE, MS, MG, ES, Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da RJ, SP, SC, RS (Costa & Yano, 1998); this is Praia do Carapanã, Colocação do Seringal de the first record for Amazonian region. Macuripe, 8°27’64”-71°22’31”, on bark, 20- Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do XI-1995, Costa 2689 p.p. (RB). Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da * Plagiochila corrugata (Nees) Nees Praia do Carapanã, após a casa da Sra. & Mont. Erundina, 8°32’85”-71°28’65”, on bark, 17-XI- Recognized by the leaves with the ven- 1995, Costa 2605 p.p. (RB); Colocação do tral margins strongly crispate-undulate. Gen- Seringal de Tamandaré, 8°32’85”-71°28’65”, on eral distribution: Tropical America (Lemos- decaying wood, 18-XI-1995, Costa 2612 (RB); Michel, 1999). Brazil: PE, BA, MG, ES, RJ, Colocação Morada Nova, 8°20’72”-71°11’95”, SP, PR, SC, RS. on bark, 22-XI-1995, Costa 2777 (RB); Colocação Vai quem quer, 8°20’72”-71°11’95”, Acre: Reserva Extrativista do Alto on rotten wood, 23-XI-1995, Costa 2805 (RB); Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de Colocação Samauma, 8°23’03”-71°17’27”, on Pesquisa da Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, decaying wood, 24-XI-1995, Costa 2842 p.p. on tree branches, 2-XII-2000, Costa 3978 p.p. (RB); Colocação Morada Nova, 8°20’72”- (RB). 71°11’95”, on bark, 25-XI-1995, Costa 2885 * Plagiochila cristata (Sw.) Lindenb. (RB); Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá, Rio Plants with leaves longer than wider, Bagé, 8°56’11”-72°33’41”, on bambu, 28-XI- narrow-triangular to rectangular, with two teeth 2000, Costa 3915 (RB); Rio Tejo, Vila at the apex. General distribution: Tropical da Restauração, Base de Pesquisa da America (Heinrichs et al., 1998). Brazil: AM, Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, on tree PA, MG, RJ, SP. trunk, 2-XII-2000, Costa 3973 p.p. (RB); Bryophytes of Acre... 405 Cachoeira da Boa Vista em direção a 2-XII-2000, Costa 3973 p.p. (RB); Foz do Rio Restauração, on “salão” soil with ferns, 3-XII- Tejo, Hospedaria, 8°57’7”-72°33’34”, fallen on 2000, Costa 3987 (RB). the soil, 6-XII-2000, Costa 4011 (RB). * Plagiochila micropteryx Gottsche * Plagiochila rutilans Lindenb. Ordinary branches of the terminal-type, Recognized by the leaves elongate with leaves rectangular, not imbricate, with dentate rounded apex, with small teeth, perianth with apex and ventral margins strongly recurved. bracts. General distribution: Tropical America. General distribution: Tropical America (Inoue, Brazil: RR, AP, AM, PA, PE, BA, MG, ES, 1989). Brazil: PA, BA, RJ, SP, RS; this is the RJ, SP, SC, RS. first record for Amazonian region. Acre: Reserva Extrativista do Alto Acre: Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de Pesquisa da Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, Pesquisa da Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, on shrub along “igarapé”, 30-XI-2000, 1-XII- on bark, 30-XI-2000, Costa 3922 p.p. (RB). 2000, Costa 3960 p.p. (RB). * Plagiochila patula (Sw.) Lindenb. * Plagiochila vicentina Lindenb. Ordinary branches of the terminal-type, Dorsal leaf base with ciliate teeth. Gen- dorsal and ventral leaf base long-decurrent. eral distribution: Tropical America (Herzog, General distribution: Tropical America 1931). Brazil: AM; this is the second record (Heinrichs et al., 1998). Brazil: BA, RJ. for Brazil. Acre: Reserva Extrativista do Alto Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Pesquisa da Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, Praia do Carapanã, Fazenda do Barro, 8°20’71- on fallen branch, 30-XI-2000, Costa 3927 p.p. 80”-71°11’97-91”, on canopy branch, 16-XI- (RB). 1995, Costa 2584 (RB); Colocação Samauma, * Plagiochila raddiana Lindenb. 8°23’03”-71°17’27”, on rotten wood, 24-XI- Ordinary branches of the terminal-type, 1995, Costa 2825 (RB); Colocação Morada ventral leaf base extending beyond the stem Nova, 8°20’72”-71°11’95”, on branch, 25-XI- forming a keel, long-decurrent, entire or 1995, Costa 2895 (RB); Reserva Extrativista toothed. General distribution: Tropical America do Alto Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, (Heinrichs & Gradstein, 2000). Brazil: AM, Base de Pesquisa da Restauração, 9°02’52”- PA, PE, MT, MG, ES, RJ, SP, PR, SC, RS. 72°16’22”, on bark, 30-XI-2000, Costa 3934 Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do (RB). Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Praia do Carapanã, Seringal do Pacujá, Radulaceae 8°17’38”-71°06’40”, on decaying wood, 15-XI- 1995, Costa 2547 (RB); após a casa da Sra. * Radula flaccida Lindenb. & Erundina, 8°32’85”-71°28’65”, on bark, 17-XI- Gottsche 1995, Costa 2596 (RB); Colocação do Seringal Recognized by the funnel-shaped gem- do Sumaré, 8°30’84”-71°27’83”, on the canopy mae occurring on the dorsal leaf margin. Gen- branch, 19-XI-1995, Costa 2659 (RB); eral distribution: Tropical America, Africa and 8°26’96”-71°20’95”, on rotten wood of palm, adjacent islands (Yamada, 1988). Brazil: RR, 21-XI-1995, Costa 2732 (RB); Colocação Vai AM, PA, MG, SP. quem quer, 8°20’72”-71°11’95”, on bark, 23- Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do XI-1995, Costa 2811 (RB); Colocação Bom Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Jardim, 8°17’80”-71°08’60”, on fallen branch, Praia do Carapanã, Colocação do Seringal de 26-XI-1995, Costa 2912 (RB); Reserva Tamandaré, 8°32’85”-71°28’65”, on liana, 18- Extrativista do Alto Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da XI-1995, Costa 2610 p.p. (RB); on living Restauração, Base de Pesquisa da Restauração, leaves, 18-XI-1995, Costa 2636 p.p. (RB); 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, on bark, 30-XI-2000, Colocação do Seringal do Sumaré, 8°30’84”- Costa 3925 p.p. (RB); on decaying wood, 1- 71°27’83”, on living leaves, 19-XI-1995, Costa XII-2000, Costa 3947 p.p. (RB); on tree trunk, 2663 p.p. (RB); Colocação do Seringal de 406 Costa Macuripe, 8°27’64”-71°22’31”, on living leaf, Praia do Carapanã, Fazenda do Barro, 8°14’- 20-XI-1995, Costa 2698 p.p. (RB); Colocação 70°57”, on bank soil along the river, 15-XI- Samauma, 8°23’03”-71°17’27”, on living 1995, Costa 2550 (RB); on bank soil along the leaves, 24-XI-1995, Costa 2838 p.p. (RB); river, 15-XI-1995, Costa 2551 p.p. (RB). Reserva Extrativista do Alto Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de Pesquisa da Brachytheciaceae Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, on living leaves, 30-XI-2000, Costa 3933 (RB); on liv- * Platyhypnidium aquaticum (A. Jaeg.) ing leaves, 2-XII-2000, Costa 3977 (RB). M. Fleisch. * Radula javanica Gottsche Aquatic plant, presenting leaves large- Leaf-lobe falcate-ovate with apex ovate, with alar cells forming a distinct group. rounded to obtuse, lobule subquadrate with General distribution: Tropical America (Buck, apex obtuse, and keel slightly sinuate 1998). Brazil: SP (Visnadi & Vital, 1989); this to straight, covering 1/3-1/2 of stem. General is the first record for Amazonian region. distribution: Pantropical (Castle, 1966, Acre: Reserva Extrativista do Alto 1968). Brazil: AM, AP, PA, PE, MG, RJ, SP, Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de RS. Pesquisa da Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do on rotten wood along river, 1-XII-2000, Costa Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da s.n. (RB). Praia do Carapanã, 8°26’96”-71°20’95”, on bark, 21-XI-1995, Costa 2760 (RB). Calymperaceae * Radula recubans Taylor Leaf-lobe is broadly-ovate with rounded Calymperes erosum C. Müll. apex, lobule quadrate, slightly auriculate, apex It can be confused with Calymperes narrowly rounded, and keel incurved covering afzelli Sw., differing in the mamillose cancellina the stem. General distribution: Tropical and cells, and the gemmae ventrally on the leaf tips. subtropical America (Castle, 1966). Brazil: PA, General distribution: Pantropical (Reese, 1993). RJ, SP, RS. Brazil: RR, RO, AP, AC, AM, PA, PB, PE, Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do BA, MT, MG, RJ. Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Praia do Carapanã, Fazenda do Barro, 8°20’71- Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da 80”-71°11’97-91”, on canopy branch, 16-XI- Praia do Carapanã, Colocação do Seringal de 1995, Costa 2564 p. p. (RB). Macuripe, 8°27’64”-71°22’31”, on bark, 20- XI-1995, Costa 2704 (RB); 8°26’96”- Mosses 71°20’95”, on palm trunk, 21-XI-1995, Costa 2738 (RB); on palm trunk, 21-XI-1995, Costa Bartramiaceae 2741 (RB); Colocação Morada Nova, 8°20’72”-71°11’95”, on palm trunk, 25-XI- Philonotis uncinata (Schwaegr.) Brid. 1995, Costa 2873, 2882 (RB); Colocação Bom Leaf with a strong-excurrent midrib, Jardim, 8°17’80”-71°08’60”, on palm, 26-XI- cells elongated to rectangular with a papilla in 1995, Costa 2907, 2908 (RB). the upper angles, and in the margin projected. * Syrrhopodon incompletus Schwaegr. General distribution: Southern USA, Tropical var. luridus (Paris & Broth.) Florsch. America, Africa, and Oceania (Sharp et al., According to Reese (1993), recognized 1994). Brazil: RO, AC, AM, PA, PI, PB, PE, by the single teeth on the leaf margins. Gen- BA, MT, MG, ES, RJ, SP, SC. In Acre eral distribution: Tropical America (Reese, sampled twice times on the stream banks, 1993). Brazil: RR, AM, PA. sometimes mixed with Splachnobryum Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do obtusum. Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Praia do Carapanã, Colocação Bom Jardim, Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da 8°17’80”-71°08’60”, on palm, 26-XI-1995, Bryophytes of Acre... 407 Costa 2916 (RB); Reserva Extrativista do Alto 1995, Costa 2744 (RB); Reserva Extrativista Juruá, Rio Tejo, Vila da Restauração, Base de do Alto Juruá, Rio Bagé, próximo a Base Pesquisa da Restauração, 9°02’52”-72°16’22”, de Pesquisa da Restauração, 8°56’11”- on trunk of palm, 2-XII-2000, Costa 3972 p.p. 72°33’41”, on rotten wood, 5-XII-2000, Costa (RB). 4007 (RB). * Fissidens guianensis Mont. Fissidentaceae According to Florschütz (1964), this is a very variable species recognized by the leaves * Fissidens anguste-limbatus Mitt. var. with cells bulging, uni- or pluripapillose, cells anguste-limbatus [Syn.: Fissidens pennula of vaginant lamina pluripapillose. General dis- Broth., fide Pursell, 1994] tribution: Widespread in Tropical America Leaves elliptic-ovate, bordered, cells (Churchill & Linares, 1995). Brazil: RR, RO, smooth, cells of the vaginant lamina larger AM, PA, PI, PE, GO, MT, ES, RJ, SP, SC. (lower half), apex round-obtuse. General Dis- Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do tribution: Colombia and Brazil (Churchill & Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da Linares, 1995). Brazil: RR, RO, AM, PA, PE, Praia do Carapanã, Colocação Samauma, FN, MT, MG, RJ, SP, PR, SC. 8°23’03”-71°17’27”, on the base of tree trunk, Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do 24-XI-1995, Costa 2851 p.p. (RB). Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da * Fissidens prionodes Mont. Praia do Carapanã, Colocação Morada Nova, 8°20’72”-71°11’95”, on rotten wood, 22-XI- Leaves linear-lanceolate, costa excurrent, 1995, Costa 2763 (RB). apiculate, cells mamillose with thickened walls. General distribution: Widespread in Tropical Fissidens elegans Brid. America (Churchill & Linares, 1995). Brazil: RR, RO, AM, PA, PI, PE, BA, RJ, SP. Leaves acute to broad-acute, margin Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do crenulate, entire to denticulate, bordered on the Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da vaginant lamina, apex with one clear cell, costa Praia do Carapanã, 8°26’96”-71°20’95”, on sub-percurrent to short-excurrent. General dis- termite nests, 21-XI-1995, Costa 2737 (RB); tribution: Southern USA and Tropical America Fazenda do Barro, 8°20’71-80”-71°11’97-91”, (Sharp et al., 1994). Brazil: RR, RO, AC, AM, on bark, 16-XI-1995, Costa 2573 (RB); on PA, PE, GO, MT, MG, RJ, SP, SC. Appar- palm root, 16-XI-1995, Costa 2577 (RB); ently disjunct between northern and southeast- Colocação Bom Jardim, 8°17’80”-71°08’60”, ern Brazil. on palm, 26-XI-1995, Costa 2903 p.p. (RB). Acre: Reserva Extrativista do Alto Fissidens submarginatus Buch in C. Juruá, Rio Bagé, 8°56’11”-72°33’41”, on ter- Krauss [Syn.: F. intermedius C. Muell., fide mite nest, 28-XI-2000, Costa 3911 (RB). Bruggeman-Nannenga & Pursell, 1995] Fissidens flaccidus Mitt. [Syn.: Leaves lanceolate, vaginant lamina bor- Fissidens mollis Mitt., fide Bruggeman- dered by narrow and elongate cells, margin ser- Nannenga & Pursell, 1995] rulate-crenulate, apex acute to apiculate, cells Leaves strongly bordered, 3-4 rows of unipapillose, costa percurrent. General Distri- cells, border confluent at the leaf apex, costa bution: Tropical America (Sharp et al., 1994). ending below the apex. General distribution: Brazil: RO, AC, AM, PA, PE, FN, BA, SP, Widespread in Tropical America (Churchill & SC. It is commonly found on soil at low alti- Linares, 1995). Brazil: RO, AC, PA, PB, PE, BA, MG, RJ, SP, PR. According to Lisboa tude. (1991), is usually found on soil banks and rocks Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do along the rivers, but in Acre collected on rot- Alto Juruá, Rio Tarauacá, Reserva Indígena da ten wood and soil in the forest. Praia do Carapanã, Colocação Bom Jardim, Acre: Município de Tarauacá, Vale do Seringal Pacujá, 8°17’80”-71°08’60”, on soil, Alto Juruá, Reserva Indígena da Praia do Costa 2901, 26-XI-1995 (RB). Carapanã, 8°26’96”-71°20’95”, on soil, 21-XI- 408 Costa