ZOOSYSTEMATICA ROSSICA I S S N Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St Petersburg ▪ https://www.zin.ru/journals/zsr/ 2410-0226 [online] Vol. 29(1): 122–127 ▪ Published online 25 June 2020 ▪ DOI 10.31610/zsr/2020.29.1.122 0320-9180 [print] RESEARCH ARTICLE First record of the walnut leaf miner Caloptilia roscipennella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in Belarus, with a note on synonymy Первая находка тощей ореховой моли Caloptilia roscipennella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) в Беларуси, с заметкой о синонимии A.V. Sinchuk, S.V. Buga & S.V. Baryshnikova О.В. Синчук, С.В. Буга, С.В. Барышникова Aleh V. Sinchuk, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimisty Ave., Minsk 220030, Belarus. E-mail: [email protected] Sergey V. Buga, Faculty of Biology, Belarusian State University, 4 Nezavisimisty Ave., Minsk 220030, Belarus. E-mail: [email protected] Svetlana V. Baryshnikova, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, 1 Universitetskaya Emb., St Petersburg 199034, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The walnut leaf miner Caloptilia roscipennella (Hübner, 1796) is recorded for the first time in Belarus. The larvae of this species damage leaves of the common walnut (Juglans regia L.). In 2015, C. roscipennella was registered in a number of geographical locations in the Brest and Gomel provinces. In subsequent years, the species was found only in the same places. It is shown that the name C. roseipennella Anikin, Zolotukhin et Kirichenko, 2016, syn. nov., being an unjustified emendation, is a junior synonym of C. roscipennella (Hübner, 1796) in accordance with the International Code of Zoological Nomencla- ture, Articles 32.5.1 and 33.2.3. Резюме. Тощая ореховая моль Caloptilia roscipennella (Hübner, 1796) впервые зарегистриро- вана в Беларуси. Личинки этого вида повреждают листья грецкого ореха (Juglans regia L.). В 2015 г. моль была найдена в ряде географических точек Брестской и Гомельской областей. В последующие годы места её регистрации оставались неизменными. Показано, что название C. roseipennella Anikin, Zolotukhin et Kirichenko, 2016, syn. nov., будучи неоправданной поправ- кой, является младшим синонимом C. roscipennella (Hübner, 1796) в соответствии со статьями 32.5.1 и 33.2.3 «Международного кодекса зоологической номенклатуры». Key words: walnut leaf miner, invasive pest, alien species, common walnut, new synonym, Lepidoptera Ключевые слова: моль тощая ореховая, инвазивные вредители, чужеродные виды, грецкий орех, новый синоним, Lepidoptera Zoobank Article LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4E19BE6B-6345-47BC-A325-FEC8A2BE4B3B Introduction loss in the economic value, biological diversity and function of invaded ecosystems (Vitousek Biological invasions by alien species are recog- et al., 1997; Wittenberg & Cock, 2001). The list nised as a significant component of global environ- of the most dangerous alien species of animals in mental change, and they often result in a sig nificant the fauna of Belarus was published five years ago © 2020 Zoological Institute RAS and the Author(s) A.V. Sinchuk et al. First record of Caloptilia roscipennella in Belarus (Alehnovich et al., 2016). A special place among al., 2010). In Russia, this species is distributed in the dangerous invasive and alien species is occu- the West Caucasus region (Baryshnikova, 2008). pied by phytophages (Buga, 2015). The common walnut, or English walnut (Jug- Material and methods lans regia L.) was introduced into Belarus, and was widely planted in parks and large gardens in The mined leaves of the common walnut were 1950–60s (Boboreko et al., 1982). At present, the collected during the vegetation period in 2015. English walnut is widespread in large gardens in The first identification of the leaf mining species central and southern Belarus. In the XXI centu- was made in the field conditions on the basis on ry, two species of walnut phytophages, namely the the characteristics of the mines. The photos were mite Aceria erinea (Nalepa, 1891) and the aphid taken using a Canon EOS 1100D digital camera Panaphis juglandis (Goeze, 1778) were record- (objective Helios 44-2 2/58 with an extension ed as walnut pests in Belarus by Sautkin et al. tube). The map was built using R software. (2016) and Buga & Zhorov (2016), respectively. The third such species, Caloptilia roscipennella Results and discussion (Hübner, 1796), is recorded here for the first time from Belarus. Family Gracillariidae These three naturalised, post-invasive species Subfamily Gracillariinae (Pyšek, et al., 2002) had inhabited the territory in Genus Caloptilia Hübner, [1825] the past and since the beginning of their study are known as fully naturalised, without any chang- Caloptilia roscipennella (Hübner, 1796) es in their distribution. They evidently invaded (Fig. 3) Central Europe before 1900 and it is impossible Tinea roscipennella Hübner, 1796: 68, pl. 29, fig. 198. to trace whether they were distributed with their Caloptilia roseipennella Anikin, Zolotukhin et Kiri- host plant, followed it immediately, or invaded the chenko, 2016: 59, syn. nov. territory with some delay in time. Apparently, the Material examined (Fig. 2). Belarus: Brest invasions of many species took place long after Prov.: Zhabinka Distr., Zhabinka, 52°12′05.1″N their host plants were introduced, at the same time 24°00′56.6″E, 7.VIII.2015, coll. A.V. Sinchuk; Kobryn it implies that the distribution of the host may be Distr.: Verholesye Vill., 52°04′56.5″N 24°18′09.0″E, not the only factor initiating an invasion in several 7.VIII.2015, same collector; Kobryn, 52°11′48.2″N cases (Šefrová & Laštůvka, 2005). 24°20′23.8″E, 8.VIII.2015, same collector; Baranovi- Caloptilia roscipennella, whose larvae feed in chi Distr., Baranovichi, 53°07′34.1″N 26°02′57.0″E, leaf mines on the common walnut, is expanding 6.IX.2015, same collector; Brest, 52°06′39.4″N 23°42′44.9″E, 6.IX.2015, same collector; Grodno within Europe (being alien in Europe). Its native Prov., Svislach Distr., Svislach, 53°1′54″N 24°6′28″E, range included the part of Southern Europe and 21.VIII.2015, coll. A.S. Roginsky; Gomel Prov.: Loyew South West Asia (Lopez-Vaamonde et al., 2010). Distr., Loyew, 51°56′07.1″N 30°47′51.9″E, 5.X.2015, The species was registered in Germany in the XIX coll. A.V. Sinchuk; Gomel, 52°25′46.7″N 30°59′21.1″E, century (Schmid, 1887). Within Europe, this spe- 5.X.2015, same collector; Rechytsa Distr., Rechytsa, cies was found in the present-day territory of the 52°21′55.5″N 30°23′41.1″E, 16.X.2015, coll. S.V. Buga. Czech Republic in 1905 (Šefrová & Laštůvka, Nomenclatural note. The corrected name of 2005), in the territory of Poland in 1991 (Busžko, this species was published relatively recently with 1992), then in 1995 in Bulgaria (Trenchev & the reference to its presumable original spelling Tomov, 1996), in 2012 in Turkey (Öztürk et al., (Anikin et al., 2016): Caloptilia roseipennella 2015), and in 2017 in Serbia (Dobrosavljevic, (Hübner, 1796). This is an unjustified emenda- et al., 2017). To date, C. roscipennella is known tion, according to the Article 33.2.3. of the Inter- within Europe in Austria, Belgium, Switzerland, national Code of Zoological Nomenclature, since Spain, France (including Corsica), Hungary, Italy the original publication does not contain any evi- (including Sicily), Moldova, Romania, Russia, and dence of an inadvertent error which must be cor- Ukraine, as an alien species (Lopez-Vaamonde et rected in accordance with the Article of 32.5.1. ( Zoosystematica Rossica, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 122–127 123 A.V. Sinchuk et al. First record of Caloptilia roscipennella in Belarus Fig.1. Copy of the description of Caloptilia roscipennella (above) and the spelling of the species name in the cap- tion to figure (below) from the original publication (Hübner, 1796). In the original publication, the name “Tin. Rosci- (Kobryn District), then on 8.VIII.2015–16 X.2015 pennella” is clearly printed in the description of in Kobryn (Kobryn District), Svislach (Svislach the species and is repeated in the caption to the District), Baranovichi (Baranovichi District), plate of figures 29 (Fig. 1). This author’s cursive Brest of the Brest Province; in Loyew (Loyew Dis- cutline to the drawing of the moth, representing trict), Gomel and Rechytsa (Rechytsa District) of only the species name, is also clearly read as ro- the Gomel Province (Fig. 2). In subsequent years, scipenella (with a single “n”; doubling of this con- the species was found only in the same places. sonant is shown with a horizontal bar above the letter). Hübner did not explain the origin of the species name. This name can be connected with the black dots which are located against the pale, uniformly coloured forewing background defined by the author, and resemble drops of dew (the Lat- in words ros and roscidus mean “dew” and “dewy”, correspondingly) instead of the “roseus” colour of the wings as it was assumed by the authors of the corrected name. In addition, Hübner subsequently applied this name without correction, precisely as “roscipennella”, for example, in the work where the genus Caloptilia was described*. New record. Caloptilia roscipennella was detect- ed in the southern part of Belarus, where it presum- ably penetrated from Poland or Ukraine. Earlier, it was found in the Mielnik Village (52°20′N, 23°3′E), Podlaskie Voivodeship, Poland in 2011 (J. Busžko, Fig. 2. Distribution of Caloptilia roscipennella in pers. comm.). In Belarus, the species was record- Belarus. 1, Zhabinka; 2, Verholesye Vill.; 3, Kobryn; ed for the first time on 7.VIII.2015 in Zhabinka 4, Svislach; 5, Baranovichi; 6, Brest; 7, Loyew; (Zhabinka District) and the Verholesye Village 8, Gomel; 9, Rechytsa. * Proposed here etymology of the species name seems at first name Roscius, except for one case known to me, Waigeum mi- sight not quite convincing because, according to Latin gram- raculum f. roscia Fruhstorfer, 1908. Probably, the latter name is mar, the name derived from the noun ros should be roripen- formed in the same way as the name by Hübner. The descrip- nella (genitive case of ros is roris, word stem is rori-); the name tion of Tinea roscipennella was given in one sentence: “Sie hat derived from the adjective roscidus should be roscidopennella eine helle Falchfarbe, und ihre Oberflügel sind ihrer ganzen (word stem is roscid-). The absence of the suffix -id- in the name Lange nach zweymal schwarz punktirt”, and the vernacular suggests a different etymology. Names with the element rosci- name proposed by the author for the species is Falchfederfar- exist in the nomenclature, e.g. Pyrrhopyge roscius Hopffer, 1874, bige. The enigmatic word “falch” in Upper German means “cow Trachys roscia Obenberger, 1929, Philonthus roscius Smetana, or horse of fawn colour” (An Etymological Dictionary of the 1995, etc, but all of them are derived from the Roman proper German Language by F. Kluge, 1891 translated by J.F. Davis). 124 ( Zoosystematica Rossica, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 122–127 A.V. Sinchuk et al. First record of Caloptilia roscipennella in Belarus Fig. 3. Damage caused by the larvae of Caloptilia roscipennella to the leaf plates of Juglans regia. A, B, leaf mines; C, leaf roll; D, cocoon with pupa. Photo by A.V. Sinchuk. Bionomics and economic importance. The mately 10% in Rechytsa, and less than 5% in oth- mines are epidermal, silvery, lower- or upper-sur- er localities. In Belarus, the distinctive damage face corridors (Fig. 3 A) widening into a blotch. pattern of the walnut leaf miner was observed on The corridor is widening into a narrow tentiform J. regia trees planted in parks and large gardens. mine, usually close to the leaf margin (Fig. 3 B). The significance of this species as a pest of J. regia After vacating the mine, the larva lives in a leaf in Belarus cannot be established with certainty, roll (Fig.3 C) (Patočka & Zach, 1995; Ellis, 2007). but severe damage caused to plants is possible in Pupation takes place in the hyaline-looking mem- the future. Therefore, it is important to study this branous cocoon outside the mine (Fig.3 D). alien species trophically associated with the com- In 2015, C. roscipennella damaged 15–20% mon walnut, the plant which is promising for the of Juglans regia leaves in Baranovichi, approxi- wide cultivation in Belarus. That is, Hübner meant the “pale yellowish-brown colour” roscidella Fabricius, 1794) since he quotes both of these syn- (Cambridge Dictionary) of his new species. This has nothing to onyms in the same work of 1796 (p. 7). Obviously, the species do with “roseus” colour, therefore, it is indeed possible to exclude name roscida reflects the colouration of the forewings which are a typo in the species name. The phrase “...Oberflügel sind ihrer in this species as if splattered, but not with dew, but rather with ganzen Lange nach zweymal schwarz punktirt” (upper wings dirt. Probably, Hübner wanted to reflect the similar character, along the entire length with double black punctation) also has with the same word, but he “lost” a part of the first stem in the little to do with the word roscidus meaning “full of dew, wet with compound word roscidopennella (he later followed the correct dew, dewy; moistened, watered, wet” (A Latin Dictionary by spelling in his names Tortrix roscidana Hübner, 1799 and Epelis Ch.T. Lewis & Ch. Short, 1879). However, Hübner knew the roscidaria Hübner 1823). Therefore, the etymology proposed by name Noctua roscida [Denis et Schiffermüller], 1775 (= Tinea the authors of this article is plausible. (Editor-in-Chief’s Note). ( Zoosystematica Rossica, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 122–127 125 A.V. Sinchuk et al. First record of Caloptilia roscipennella in Belarus Acknowledgements International scientific Agriculture Symposium “Agrosym 2017”, Jahorina, Bosnia and Herzego- We are grateful to Prof. J. Busžko for very help- vina, October 2017. 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