First Manhattans a history oF the indians oF greater new york RobeRt S. GRumet First Manhattans Also by Robert S. Grumet Native Americans of the Northwest Coast (1979) Native American Place Names in New York City (1981) The Lenapes (1989) Historic Contact (1995) (ed.) Northeastern Indian Lives (1996) (ed.) Journey on the Forbidden Path (1999) Bay, Plain, and Piedmont (2000) (ed.) Voices from the Delaware Big House Ceremony (2001) (ed.) Revitalizations and Mazeways (2003) (ed.) Modernity and Mind (2004) The Munsee Indians: A History (2009) First Manhattans a Brief history of the Munsee indians Robert S. Grumet University of Oklahoma Press : norman Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Grumet, Robert Steven. First Manhattans : a brief history of the Munsee Indians / Robert S. Grumet. p. cm. Rev. ed. of: The Munsee Indians, 2009. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978- 0- 8061- 4163- 3 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Munsee Indians—History. 2. Community life—Northeastern States— History. 3. Northeastern States—History. 4. Northeastern States—Ethnic relations. I. Grumet, Robert Steven. Munsee Indians. II. Title. E99.M93G77 2011 305.897'345074—dc22 2010030566 The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources, Inc. ∞ Copyright © 2011 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. Manufactured in the U.S.A. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise—except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the United States Copyright Act— without the prior permission of the University of Oklahoma Press. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 For Mark and Mr. Lockett Contents List of Illustrations ix Preface and Acknowledgments xi Introduction 3 1. Contact, 1524–1640 23 2. Conflict, 1640–1645 31 3. Drumfire, 1645–1664 44 4. Dealings, 1630–1664 59 5. Contentions, 1664–1674 86 6. Respite, 1674–1679 108 7. Devastation, 1679–1685 126 8. Soldiering On, 1686–1701 138 9. Great Peace, 1702–1713 162 10. Unmoored, 1708–1742 184 11. Sold Out, 1743–1766 205 12. Many Trails, 1767–Today 226 Note on Sources 243 Index 253 vii IllustratIons Figures 1. Cross- cousin marriage among Tackapousha’s kin 10 2. Tackapousha and his kin 12 3. Mattano and his kin 27 4. Mamanuchqua and her kin 130 Maps 1. The Munsee homeland 2 2. The Munsees and their neighbors in the Northeast 19 3. Indian land sales to colonists in Munsee country, 1645–1664 76 4. Indian land sales to colonists in Munsee country, 1664–1673 98 5. Munsee travels, 1680s 129 6. Indian land sold and reservations established, 1674–1688 143 7. Indian land sales in Munsee country, 1702–1714 177 8. Sales of the last remnants of Indian land in Munsee country, 1715–1755 199 9. Munsee relocations in exile, 1770s–1860s 230 ix