First Across the Continent : Sir Alexander title: Mackenzie Oklahoma Western Biographies ; V. 14 author: Gough, Barry M. publisher: University of Oklahoma Press isbn10 | asin: 0806130024 print isbn13: 9780806130026 ebook isbn13: 9780585155937 language: English Mackenzie, Alexander,--Sir,--1763-1820, Explorers--Northwest, Canadian-- Biography, Fur traders--Northwest, Canadian--Biography, Northwest, subject Canadian--Discovery and exploration, Fur trade--Northwest, Canadian--History, Indians of North America--Northwest, C publication date: 1997 lcc: F1060.7.M17G68eb ddc: 971.2/01/092 Mackenzie, Alexander,--Sir,--1763-1820, Explorers--Northwest, Canadian-- Biography, Fur traders--Northwest, subject: Canadian--Biography, Northwest, Canadian--Discovery and exploration, Fur trade--Northwest, Canadian--History, Indians of North America--Northwest, C First Across the Continent THE OKLAHOMA WESTERN BIOGRAPHIES RICHARD W. ETULAIN, GENERAL EDITOR Page iii First Across the Continent Sir Alexander Mackenzie By Barry Gough University of Oklahoma Press : Norman and London Page iv Other Books by Barry Gough The Royal Navy and the Northwest Coast of North America (Vancouver, 1971) To the Pacific and Arctic with Beechey (ed.) (Cambridge, 1973) Canada (Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1975) Distant Dominion (Vancouver, 1980) Gunboat Frontier (Vancouver, 1984) Journal of Alexander Henry the Younger (ed.) (Toronto, 1988, 1992) The Falkland Islands/Malvinas (London, 1992) The Northwest Coast (Vancouver, 1992) Gough, Barry M. First across the continent : Sir Alexander Mackenzie / by Barry Gough. p. cm.(The Oklahoma western biographies ; v. 14.) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8061-2944-1 (alk. paper, hardcover) ISBN 0-8061-3002-4 (alk. paper, paperback) 1. Mackenzie, Alexander, Sir, 1763-1820. 2. ExplorersNorthwest, CanadianBiography. 3. Fur tradersNorthwest, Canadian 5. Fur tradeNorthwest, CanadianHistory. 6. Indians of North AmericaNorthwest, CanadianHistory. I. Title. II. Series. F1060.7.M1783G68 1997 971.2'01'092dc21 [B] 97-294-2 CIP First Across the Continent: Sir Alexander Mackenzie is Volume 14 in The Oklahoma Western Biographies. The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources, Inc. Copyright © 1997 by the University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Publishing Division of the University. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the U.S.A. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Page v For W. Kaye Lamb and John S. Galbraith Page vii Contents List of Illustrations viii Series Editor's Preface xi Preface xv Introduction 3 1. Lords of Lakes and Forests 9 2. A Career in the Wilderness 39 3. The River of the West and the Western Sea 57 4. The Quest: To the Arctic 78 5. The Quest: To the Pacific 105 6. Schemes and Dreams 163 7. The Legacy and the Canadian Frontier 199 Appendix 1. Mackenzie Place-Names 212 Appendix 2. Mackenzie's Advice to Lt. John Franklin, 213 R.N., 1819 Sources 217 Index 225 Page ix Illustrations PHOTOGRAPHS Peter Pond's map of northern Canada, 1787 20-21 Aaron Arrowsmith's map of new discoveries in 22-23 northwestern America, 1795 Arrowsmith's map of North America (new edition, 24-25 1796) Sketch of Mackenzie's route to the Pacific by Lake, 26 1805 Sir Alexander Mackenzie, from a print by Dye 27 Page of presentation copy of Mackenzie's Voyages from 28 Montreal Coat of arms of the North West Company 28 Portrait of Joseph Frobisher by an unknown artist 29 Portrait of Alexander Henry the Elder by an unknown 29 artist Portrait of Simon McTavish by an unknown artist 30 Portrait of William McGillivray by an unknown artist 30 Portrait of Thomas Douglas, earl of Selkirk, attributed 31 to Raeburn Portrait of Edward "Bear" Ellice by Sir William Ross 31 Prince Edward, duke of Kent, engraving after a portrait 32 by Beechey