Finding Aid to the Baltimore Neighborhood Heritage Project Oral History Collection, 1978-1980, OH 8297 H. Furlong Baldwin Library, Maryland Historical Society Collection summary Title Baltimore Neighborhood Heritage Project Oral History Collection, 1978-1980 Creator University of Baltimore and the Baltimore Regional Institutional Studies Center (BRISC). Call number OH 8297 Span dates 1978-1980 Extent Narrator Files: 3 linear feet [3 document boxes; 220 files] Narrator Transcripts & Tape Indexes: [9 binders] Narrator Tapes: 2 linear feet [24 cassette drawers; 325 tapes] Abstract The Baltimore Neighborhood Heritage Project (BNHP) was a joint endeavor of the University of Baltimore and the Baltimore Regional Institutional Studies Center (BRISC). The stated goal of this local and nationally funded program was “to preserve and promote an appreciation of our pluralistic culture.” Local supporters included Baltimore City agencies, community representatives, and members of academia. From the fall of 1978 through the summer of 1980, the BNHP conducted approximately three hundred oral history interviews with longtime residents of four distinct Baltimore City neighborhoods: Highlandtown, Hampden, Park Heights, and Little Italy, as well as three City regions: West Baltimore (Sandtown- Winchester in particular), South Baltimore, and East Baltimore. Also included were a number of residents from areas near these sites. In order to uncover the intersection of ethnicity and neighborhood history, interview topics included migration, immigration, racial and ethnic identity, national and local events, neighborhood living conditions, family life, work experiences, and religious practice. Interviewers also asked questions about housing, recreational activities, amount of contact with other ethnic groups, and one’s vision of America. Many of the interviewees heard about the oral history component of the project from their participation in the BNHP’s Eating Together Program, a series of multi-site luncheons for senior citizen in and 1 of 118 near the targeted areas. In addition to documenting the oral history memories of selected senior citizen Baltimoreans, the BNHP included a traveling museum and a traveling theater. The Project also published a compilation of transcript passages and photos in the book Baltimore People Baltimore Places (PAM 11,014). Originally in the custody of the Baltimore City Life Museum (closed in 1997), the tapes, transcripts, and other BNHP program information are held at the Maryland Historical Society and the University of Baltimore’s Langsdale Library. Sources: Theodore W. Durr, ed., Baltimore: Its History and Its People (Baltimore: University of Baltimore, 1980) (MF 206 .B31) “Langsdale's History,” University of Baltimore, Langsdale Library, accessed on March 16, 2005, http://langsdale.ubalt.edu/info_services/history.htm. Administrative summary Repository H. Furlong Baldwin Library Maryland Historical Society 201 W. Monument St. Baltimore, MD 21218 www.mdhs.org [email protected] Access restrictions Access to this collection is partially restricted. For more information, please consult the Special Collections Librarian. Use restrictions Permission to quote must be received in writing from the Special Collections Librarian. Provenance The Baltimore Neighborhood Heritage Project Oral History Collection was acquired in 1998 by the Maryland Historical Society after the closing of the Baltimore City Life Museums (BCLM) in 1997. Processing note The collection was processed by Joni L. Jones, Jennifer Trentowski, Lindsey Loeper, Joseph Tropea, and Damon Talbot between 2005-2010. Scope and Content The Baltimore Neighborhood Heritage Project Oral History Collection contains paper records and audiocassette recordings from 1978 through 1980. The paper records are composed of the 2 of 118 files kept on each narrator (the person being interviewed) and the administrative needs of the project. Narrator records contain biography forms, interview notes, and tape indexes for approximately 212 narrators. The interview notes briefly describe the circumstance surrounding the interview(s) session. The tape index includes the name of the narrator, the name of interviewer, the number of tapes, the tape(s) length, and the primary subjects covered. Seventy- nine of the records include transcripts. Transcript length ranges from 8 to 65 pages. Some are single-spaced; others are doubled-spaced. The interviews range from twenty-five minutes to three hours in length. One file, #183, and its accompanying cassette(s) were removed from the collection. Thirty-two interviewers participated in the project. Typically, the interviews were one-on-one sessions between interviewer and narrator; however, single interviewer and double-narrator situations occurred, as did three group “nostalgia” sessions. Most interviews were prefaced by unrecorded, pre-interview sessions that occurred days before the recorded interview. Each abstract begins with the following information when available: the BNHP interview number; the name of the interviewer; the date of the interview; the place of the interview; the length of the interview; the number of tapes used; the length of the transcript; and the file contents, such as subject index, interview notes, and biography form. There is a note section for any idiosyncrasy. The abstracts follow the numerical order of the interview number. However, interview numbers are not consecutive, but site specific. That is to say, any omitted number within a site can be found in another site. When controversial or outdated terms, especially those referring to race and ethnicity, are mentioned in the abstract, the politically-correct term is used and the term or terms used by the narrator has been placed in parenthetical (“ ”) quotation marks. Specific terms from the interviews and textual uncertainties are often placed in parentheses alone ( ). Maiden names of female narrators are placed in brackets [ ]. Site # of Interviews # of Tapes Notes (N=Narrators) Site 1: Highlandtown 47 81 #012, #016: No Tape Site 2: Hampden 37 66 Site 3: Park Heights 29 37 #159: 2N Site 4: Little Italy 29 40 Site 5: South Baltimore 26 39 #148: 4N; #193: 3N; #79, #152: No Tape Site 6: West Baltimore 37 50 #19: No Tape Site7: East Baltimore 8 12 213 325 3 of 118 Site 1: Highlandtown Highlandtown was first settled in 1866 by Thomas McGuiness, a young Irish immigrant, who settled the area for its owners--the Philadelphia Land Company. The original name given to the neighborhood was Snake Hill. Prior to this year, the area had been closely associated with the neighborhood of Canton. It was also the location of Fort Marshall, a stronghold for Union troops. Attracted to its large, thinly populated tracts, industries moved in before homeowners. The earliest companies included George F. Weissner’s Fort Marshall Brewery, Mickey Dorsey & Son’s Acid Factory (later becoming Geyner’s Lime Kiln), and the Schluderberg Brother’s butcher shop. In 1870, the merchant’s association renamed the community “Highland Town” because one could see all the surrounding countryside from the town central area. When Baltimore City annexed the area in 1918, the spelling changed to “Highlandtown” to avoid confusion. The neighborhood was first settled largely by German immigrants of the Roman Catholic faith. Many found work in the town’s local industries, which now included slaughterhouses and packing houses. Others found work on the B&O Railroad or worked as “hucksters,” (street merchants) who sold their goods from cars and trucks. By the 1920’s, Highlandtown became one of the city’s major commercial districts. At the time of the BNHP, the area was suffering from commercial decline due to the opening of shopping centers like Eastpoint Mall in the 1960’s; however Highlandtown merchants were working together to strengthen combat the problem. The BNHP attempted to help foster that community bond. Some community members were a part of the Highland History Group, an offshoot of the BNHP’s “Eating Together” site at the Abbot Memorial Church in the neighborhood. In the fall of 1978, Linda Shopes, oral history consultant for the BNHP, trained the members in oral history interviewing techniques so that they could participate in documenting their own community. These participants conducted many of the interviews for Site #VII: East Baltimore. Sources: Donald G. Hammen, “Highlandtown” in Livelier Baltimore Committee of the Citizens Planning & Housing Association, Beyond the White Marble Steps: A Look at Baltimore Neighborhoods (J.W. Boarman Co., 1979). (PAM 10,988) ”History of Highlandtown,” Highlandtown Merchants Association, accessed on March 26, 2005, http://www.highlandtownmerchants.com/history.html 4 of 118 Interview Abstracts: OH 8297 BNHP # 001 Browning, Jeanette [Volkmon] Name of Interviewer: Jacklin, Thomas M. Date of Interview: 3/17/78 Place of Interview: Abbott Memorial Presbyterian Church, 3426 Bank St. Length of Interview: 2 hours Number of Tapes: 2 Length of Transcript: 57 pages File Contents: SECO Neighborhood Heritage form, interview notes, tape index, transcript Note(s): Jeannette Browning was born in Baltimore in 1909 to a German father and Dutch mother. Her father had previously been married, but his wife died and he re-married Browning’s mother. Jeanette has seven sisters and one brother through both marriages. She began working at age 14 in factories (Virginia Dare Co., Crown Cork & Seal). She married Ed Browning at age 25 and had one son, Allen Wayne. She began a career as nurse after Allen’s birth. The Browning interview provides information about German customs (family folktales, beanpots, Christmas gardens, Pancake Day) and anti-German sentiments during wartime. Economic roles in the family and care-giving roles (taking care of her mother) are discussed. She emphasizes the significance of church as a center of social and spiritual activity. Prohibition (beer making), Highlandtown as a rural area (slaughterhouse activities, herding pigs down Eaton Street), the Flu Epidemic of 1918, and economic and political strife in conjunction with the Great Depression (strike at American Can, union activities, cost of living) are other topics of interest. OH 8297 BNHP # 003 Konigkremer, Lloyd Name of Interviewer: Jacklin, Thomas M. Date of Interview: 4/6/78 Place of Interview: Abbott Memorial Presbyterian Church, 3426 Bank St. Length of Interview: 2 hours Number of Tapes: 2 Length of Transcript: 42 pages File Contents: biography form, interview notes, interview outline, tape index, transcript Note(s): Lloyd Konigkremer was born in 1903 in Baltimore to a German father and Welsh mother. His ancestors settled in Cincinnati upon arriving in North America. He tells several anecdotes about growing up in Highlandtown; for example, he recalls how the street names in Highlandtown were changed during World War I, causing much confusion (street names were changed due to the expansion of the city), and he comments on how other ethnicities (German, Irish, Polish) came in and flourished as Germans were pushed to the side in the late 1800s. He worked as a 5 of 118 seaman, plasterer, diver, and crane operator over his lifetime. He married a widow with 2 children. The Konigkremer interview offers insight into the rivalry between Canton and Highlandtown (kids would fight one another or play each other in baseball games), the importance of streetcars as transportation (allowed people to travel to work; United Railway and Electric Co. was the local streetcar franchise), and the beginning of unionization in the workplace in the 1940s. Recreational activities in Highlandtown (amusement parks, boat rides, ice skating, baseball games, sledding), the Canton Market, the German Evangelical Church (he describes the custom of calling churches by the name of old prominent ministers), and civic activities are also discussed. OH 8297 BNHP # 005 Villella, Frank S. Name of Interviewer: Shopes, Linda Date of Interview: 3/30/78, 4/5/78, 4/12/78 Place of Interview: Length of Interview: 4 hours and 51 minutes Number of Tapes: 4 Length of Transcript: 95 pages File Contents: biography form, interview notes, tape index, transcript Note(s): Frank Villella was born in Sambiase, Italy in 1900 to Italian-Catholic parents. He immigrated to America in 1920. After arriving in St. Jeanne’s, Canada, he moved to Danbury, Connecticut; Brooklyn, New York; back to Connecticut; and then Baltimore (he returned to Danbury for 11 years, and then came back to Baltimore permanently). As a boy, he attended night school to study for American citizenship. He got married in 1923 and then went to work at Sparrows Point as a machinist. He opened a shoe repair shop during WWII. He devotes considerable time to speaking about child-rearing and the expectations he has for his children. The Villella interview is a good source of information for comparisons between Italy and the U.S. during the Great Depression and both World Wars. Topics include the impact of WWI on the Italian economy, feelings on emigrating from Italy to America, adjusting to life in America (language barriers, socializing), as well as ethnic relations between Italians, Irish, and Germans and political development in Italy (monarchies) vs. the United States (democracy). He also discusses music, holidays, courtship in Italy. He also talks about changes in Highlandtown, neighborhood life, and local politics (Vincent “Mimi” DiPetro, taxes, government spending). OH 8297 BNHP # 007 Zwick, Ethel [maiden name unknown] Name of Interviewer: Jacklin, Thomas M. Date of Interview: 4/17/78 Place of Interview: 6 of 118 Length of Interview: Number of Tapes: 1 Length of Transcript: 40 pages File Contents: biography form, interview outline, tape index, transcript Note(s): Ethel Zwick was born in Baltimore. Her grandfather fought in the Indian Wars and owned a store at Orleans and Bethel Street. Her father was a police officer. She worked as a phone operator until she married Lewis Zwick in 1930. He found work as a firefighter. They had 3 children: Louise, Ethel, and Jerry. She also talks of childhood family get-togethers at the Back River Shore. The Zwick interview provides information about religion in terms of the Lutheran church compared to the Catholic Church (“they’re all God’s houses”). German cooking and customs (Blackberry Rolly Polly) are detailed. There is socio-economic information about financial hardship during the Great Depression (she was pregnant, her husband was out of work for 18 months), courtship during the “Roaring 20s,” President Roosevelt’s Works Progress Administration [W.P.A.] program, and the impact of shopping malls (Eastpoint Mall vs. Eastern Avenue shops). OH 8297 BNHP # 008 Palese, Mary [Taskes] Name of Interviewer: Shopes, Linda Date of Interview: 4/26/78 Place of Interview: 3412 Claremont Avenue Length of Interview: 1 hour, 45 minutes Number of Tapes: 2 Length of Transcript: 53 pages File Contents: SECO Neighborhood Heritage form, interview notes, tape index, transcript Note(s): Mary Palese is the sister of Grace DiMartino, interview #009. Mary Palese was born in 1899 in Casalivichio, Italy. Her family moved to Highlandtown in 1909. She attended school until the 5th grade and then began working as a tailor, though she attended night school for a year after she was married. She married in 1917 and had 4 children. During the Great Depression, Mary worked while her mother took care of the children. The Palese interview discusses topics such as immigration (living arrangements, reasons for leaving, patterns of family immigration, becoming a citizen), inter-ethnic relations, and neighborhoods in Baltimore assuming an Italian character. She comments on assimilating to American culture but still keeping her ethnicity in place (spoke Italian at home, wrote letter to Italy, father read Italian newspaper). Palese spends considerable time talking about her family, (raising a family, living arrangements, education, expectations), but mostly her children. OH 8297 BNHP # 009 DiMartino, Grace [Tuskes] 7 of 118 Name of Interviewer: Shope, Linda Date of Interview: 5/11/78 Place of Interview: 3506 Claremont St. Length of Interview: 3 hours, 30 minutes Number of Tapes: 3 Length of Transcript: 80 pages File Contents: biography form, interview notes, tape index, transcript Note(s): Grace DiMartino is the sister of Mary Palese, interview #008. Grace DiMartino was born in Casalivichio, Puglie, Faggio, Italy, on May 12, 1906 to Catholic Italian parents. She attended School #215 until the 7th grade. She worked as a bookkeeper for the May Company and eventually became head of Accounts Payable. She married Michael DiMartino at age 24 and had 1 daughter (she is proud to says she raised her daughter liberally). The DiMartino interview provides a comparison of living conditions and ways of thinking in Italy vs. America (life here is better; America is more modern and independent). She discusses ethnicity identity (inter-ethnic marriage, teaching children to speak Italian). World events such as Italy during World War II and the Great Depression (her family lost money) are discussed. She also talks about the Catholic Church (attending Sacred Heart and Our Lady of Pompei, sending daughter to Catholic school, socializing). Her daughter wanted to become a nun, but DiMartino forced her to complete her college education first (she ended up getting married and not becoming a nun). She recalls economic difficulties when her husband went on strike in 1949 and 1959, and how he refused to join a union for 30 years. OH 8297 BNHP # 010 Lentz, Helen [Yingling] Name of Interviewer: Jacklin, Thomas M. Date of Interview: 4/2/78 Place of Interview: Length of Interview: 2 hours, 40 minutes Number of Tapes: 3 Length of Transcript: File Contents: biography form, interview notes, tape index Note(s): transcript available at BRISC Helen Lentz was born in Westminster, Maryland. She began working at age 14 as a salesperson in a department store. She married at age 22 and moved out of her parents’ home. She spends considerable time talking about her family and growing up in Westminster, as well as the “neighborliness” between Germans, Italians, and Americans. The Lentz interview provides information about the Baltimore Fire and conditions during the Great Depression (welfare work, personal impact), as well as life during World War II (worked with the poor, had a son that was overseas). She discusses transportation (trackless trolleys and buses); forms of entertainment, including movies, dancing, circuses, and picnics; and Highlandtown as countryside. She stresses the importance of religion (makes people happier to 8 of 118 know right from wrong). She discusses her interest and views on history (tradition, events, taking pictures). OH 8297 BNHP # 011 Mesologites, George Name of Interviewer: Shopes, Linda Date of Interview: 6/28/78 Place of Interview: Length of Interview: 45 minutes Number of Tapes: 1 Length of Transcript: 19 pages File Contents: biography form, interview notes, transcript Note(s): George Mesologites was born in New York, New York in 1916 to Greek Orthodox parents. His parents immigrated to America to “better themselves and bring forth their culture.” His father opened a restaurant in Sparrows Point with 3 other men. He has worked as a manager in the restaurant since 1949 (his father became ill and he stepped in to help. He eventually bought out the other partners and is the sole owner). The Mesologites interview is a good source of information about many aspects of Greek life. Supporting Greece during World War I (civic organizations would send money and shoes for orphaned children), assimilating to American life as a Greek person (he faced some discrimination as a child and comments on how some Greeks changed their last names), and Greek traditions and customs are discussed. He tells of how his father helped sponsor a Greek School on Ponca Street in the 1930s. He talks about how the restaurant business has changed, including integrating blacks and whites in the 1960s, and changing from a sit down establishment to carry out. OH 8297 BNHP # 012 Anonymous Name of Interviewer: Shopes, Linda Date of Interview: 7/3/78 Place of Interview: Length of Interview: n/a Number of Tapes: n/a Length of Transcript: File Contents: interview notes Note(s): no tape available This informant preferred to remain anonymous. He was born in Canton. He is of German descent. His father died when he was a baby. His mother went to work to support the interviewee and his two siblings. The children were cared for by their grandmother, who eventually turned them over to an orphan home until the mother was remarried. The interviewee attended Sacred Heart School until the 5th grade. He went to work at age 14 at the Continental Can Company. He went on to work at Phillips on Lombard Street and a shoe store. He left 9 of 118 Baltimore for a short time and returned, finding a job at the Esskay Day Packing Plant, working in the meat freezer. He retired at age 67. This interview provides information about working at the Esskay Day Packing Plant, including working conditions, ethnicities, social relations, and the Meatcutters Union. OH 8297 BNHP # 013 Feehley, Mary [Kraus] Name of Interviewer: Jacklin, Thomas M. Date of Interview: 7/12/78 Place of Interview: 3203 Lombard St. Length of Interview: 2 hours Number of Tapes: 2 Length of Transcript: 70 pages File Contents: SECO Neighborhood Heritage form, interview notes, tape index, transcript Note(s): Mary Feehley is the sister of Margaret Geraghty, interview #014. They were present at each others interviews. Mary Feehley was born in 1899 in Baltimore to German parents. Her parents both spoke German and her father was an interpreter for the courts. She attended school until the 8th grade. She went to work at age 16, beginning as a typist and later working as a bookkeeper. She was a trained operator in bookkeeping, therefore making it easy to find a job at places like Schlutterberg’s and Burrough Business Machine Corp. The Feehley interview provides information about German customs, the Catholic Church (was the only Catholic family on the block and met some unfriendliness, people were identified by the parish they belonged to, social activities), and World War II (donated hair to production of gun sites, the problems veterans faced upon returning to civilian life). She comments on ethnic relations, such as the fact that the Irish called Germans “dumb Dutch.” OH 8297 BNHP # 014 Geraghty, Margaret [Kraus] Name of Interviewer: Jacklin, Thomas M. Date of Interview: 7/20/78 Place of Interview: Length of Interview: 2.5 hours Number of Tapes: 3 Length of Transcript: File Contents: biography form, interview notes, tape index Note(s): Maragret Geraghty is the sister of Mary Feehley, interview #013. They were present at each others interviews. Margaret Geraghty was born in 1903 in Baltimore to German parents. She grew up as a “tomboy.” She found work as a typist and bookkeeper at several establishments, including Calvert Bank. When she married (date unknown), her mother-in-law was opposed because 10 of 118