SPACE APPLICATIONS KGD Filter Design for Filter Design for Satellite Communications ooo suu msm Helical Resonator Technology opousetisanis lo This new resource is a comprehensive up-to-date approach to the design of s Satellite Communications microwave filters with helical resonators for satellite communications. Architectures of RF communication payloads are reviewed, emphasizing the role and required performance characteristics of filters. A very detailed step-by-step presentation allows readers to quickly familiarize themselves Helical Resonator Technology with the basic concepts of microwave filter design and confidently engage with the design of helical resonator filters. The implications of utilizing helical HF Efstratios Doumanis resonator filters for high power space applications are rigorously investigated i el and techniques for mitigating the power-handling limitations are discussed. lite George Goussetis cr In addition, numerical and experimental results are presented throughout to a D Savvas Kosmopoulos illustrate the performance. l e Rs Contents Overview: Helical Resonator Filters; Microwave Filters for Satellite Systems: eig sn Requirements and Constraints; Filter Synthesis Techniques; Analysis and Design of Helical o nf Resonators; Synthesis of Helical Resonator Filters; Helical Resonator Filters with Selectively aor t Located Transmission Zeros; Helical Resonator Filters with High Power Handling Capability oS for Space Applications. r Tate el Efstratios Doumanis is a member of the technical staff in the RF-Front End and cli ht Antenna Group at Alcatel Lucent. He earned his Ph.D. in electrical and computer ne engineering from Queen’s University, Belfast, UK. oC lo om George Goussetis is a professor of microwave and antenna engineering at g m y Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK. He earned his Ph.D. in electrical and u n computer engineering from the University of Westminster, London, UK. i c a Savvas Kosmopoulos is a senior engineer in the RF and payload group at t i Space Engineering S.p.A., Rome, Italy. He earned his Ph.D. in electrical o n engineering from the University of Thessaloniki, Greece. s Include bar code ISBN 13: 978-1-60807-755-7 ISBN: 1-60807-755-1 ARTECH HOUSE BOSTON I LONDON www.artechhouse.com PMS 2965 PMS 2985 Filter Design for Satellite Communications Helical Resonator Technology ggoouu--FFMM..iinndddd 11 1111//1100//22001144 44::3311::4466 PPMM For a complete listing of titles in the Artech House Space Applications library, turn to the back of this book. ggoouu--FFMM..iinndddd 22 1111//1100//22001144 44::3322::0066 PPMM Filter Design for Satellite Communications Helical Resonator Technology Efstratios Doumanis George Goussetis Savvas Kosmopoulos ggoouu--FFMM..iinndddd iiiiii 1111//1100//22001144 44::3322::0066 PPMM Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the U.S. Library of Congress. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Cover design by John Gomes ISBN 13: 978-1-60807-755-7 © 2015 ARTECH HOUSE 685 Canton Street Norwood, MA 02062 All rights reserved. Printed and bound in the United States of America. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, includ- ing photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been appropriately capitalized. Artech House cannot attest to the accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ggoouu--FFMM..iinndddd iivv 1111//1100//22001144 44::3322::0066 PPMM Contents Acknowledgments 9 1 Introduction 11 1.1 Helical Resonator Filters 12 1.2 Aim and Contents of This Book 14 References 16 2 Microwave Filters for Satellite Systems: Requirements and Constraints 19 2.1. Introduction 19 2.2 System Perspective 22 2.2.1 Communication Payload: Filter Functions 25 2.2.2 Summary of Filters Encountered in a Communication Payload 35 2.3 Satellite Filter Technology 37 2.3.1 Coaxial Cavity Filters 38 2.3.2 Waveguide Technology 39 2.3.3 Dielectric Resonator Technology 40 2.3.4 Space Qualification for Filter Units 40 References 42 5 ggoouu--TTOOCC..iinndddd 55 1111//1100//22001144 44::3322::4400 PPMM 6 Filter Design for Satellite Communications: Helical Resonator Technology 3 Filter Synthesis Techniques 45 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Synthesis of Prototype Response 46 3.2.1 Characteristics of Filter Response 48 3.2.2 Chebyshev Response 52 3.2.3 Butterworth Response 53 3.2.4 Elliptic and Asymmetric Responses 55 3.3 Bandpass Filters Synthesis Using a Ladder Network 57 3.3.1 Lowpass Lumped Element Filter Prototype 57 3.3.2 Immittance inverter Lowpass Lumped Prototype 60 3.3.3 Frequency Transformation 63 3.3.4 Impedance Inverters from a Discontinuity 67 3.4 Coupling Matrix Techniques 68 3.4.1 Analysis 71 3.4.2 Synthesis 72 References 73 4 Analysis and Design of Helical Resonators 75 4.1 Introduction 75 4.2 Helical Resonator Considerations 77 4.2.1 Transmission Lines Model of Resonators 77 4.2.2 Coaxial Line with Helical Inner Core 80 4.2.3 Helical Coaxial Transmission Line Resonators 83 4.3 Full-Wave Modeling of Helical Resonators 85 4.4 Quality Factor 91 4.5 Dielectric Loading and Tuning 96 4.5.1 Dielectric Loading 96 4.5.2 Tuning 98 References 102 ggoouu--TTOOCC..iinndddd 66 1111//1100//22001144 44::3322::4444 PPMM Contents 7 5 Synthesis of Helical Resonator Filters 105 5.1 Design of Helical Resonator Filters 105 5.2 Input/Output Coupling 106 5.3 Inter-resonator Coupling 110 5.3.1 Tuning Screws 114 5.3.2 Decoupling Iris 114 5.3.3 Helix Axial Rotation 117 5.3.4 Effect of Cavity Width 118 5.4 Design Examples 119 5.4.1 Fourth-Order In-Line Filter 120 5.4.2 Sixth-Order Folded Filter 123 5.4.3 Realization Example 124 5.5 Summary 126 References 128 6 Quasi-Elliptic Helical Resonator Filters 131 6.1 Introduction 131 6.2 Cross-Coupled Helical Resonator Filters 132 6.2.1 Cross-Coupling by Means of DC Connection 133 6.2.2 Electromagnetic Cross-Coupling of Helical Resonators 136 6.2.3 An Eighth-Order Example with Both EM and Wire-Enabled Cross-Coupling 138 6.3 In-line Quasi-Elliptic Helical Resonator Filters 140 6.3.1 Parallel-Coupled Helical Transmission Lines 143 6.3.2 Parallel-Coupled Helical Resonators 145 References 165 7 Helical Resonator Filters with High Power-Handling Capabililty for Space Applications 169 7.1 Introduction 169 ggoouu--TTOOCC..iinndddd 77 1111//1100//22001144 44::3322::4444 PPMM 8 Filter Design for Satellite Communications: Helical Resonator Technology 7.2 Multipactor 170 7.3 Space Qualifications Procedures 173 7.3.1 Verification 174 7.3.2 Analysis 177 7.3.3 Methods of Detection 177 7.4 Helical Resonators for Downlink Filters 179 7.4.1 Power Handling Analysis 179 7.4.2 Dielectric Covers 181 7.5 Summary and Conclusions 186 References 188 8 Summary 191 References 193 List of Abbreviations 195 About the Authors 197 Index 201 ggoouu--TTOOCC..iinndddd 88 1111//1100//22001144 44::3322::4444 PPMM Acknowledgments The authors express their gratitude to Professor Vicente E. Boria Esbert (UPV) for valuable discussions related to multipaction phenomena, and Mark Kunes for his support and valuable discussions on satellite systems and filter technologies for satellites. We would like to thank Professors Ming Yu and Van Dokas for granting us permission to reproduce material on helical filters, and Professor Ming Yu for providing material of his work and valuable discussions. The authors would like to thank Space Engineering for providing fund- ing for a Ph.D. in helical filters that laid the foundations for this book and for providing material on helical filters. We thank G. Piccinini (Thales Alenia Space) for the multipaction measurements, and N. Sidiropoulos (Space Engineering S.p.A) for the filter measurements. We thank Stepan Kucera (Bell Laboratories, Alcatel Lucent) for his help preparing the MATLAB artwork. Finally, we thank Marco Guglielmi for fruitful discussions on helical resonators. 9 ggoouu--AACCKK..iinndddd 99 1111//1100//22001144 44::3333::1155 PPMM