! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! CONTENTS ICE DANCE 14-15 EQUIPMENT 2 ICE DANCE LIFTS 14-15 OTHER ICE DANCE ELEMENTS 15 STROKING & STOPPING 2-3 STROKING 2 SYNCHRONIZED SKATING 15-16 STOPPING 2-3 EDGES, TURNS & MOVES 3-5 COMPETITION TERMS 16 EDGES 3 OFFICIALS 16 TURNS 3-4 COMPETITIONS & MOVES 4-5 COMPETITION ELEMENTS 16-18 SINGLES SKATING 5-11 ORGANIZATIONS & SPINS 5-6 PROGRAMS 18-19 FLYING SPINS 6 JUMPS 6-10 SPIT & STAG JUMPS 11 OTHER TERMS 19 ! PAIRS SKATING 12-14 Index of Terms 20-23 LIFTS 12-13 ! OTHER PAIRS ELEMENTS 13-14 E S & S QUIPMENT TROKING TOPPING ! BOOT – One component of STROKING the ice-skate formed traditionally by many ! CROSSOVERS – Crossovers are used to negotiate corners and layers of leather and gain speed by crossing one foot over the other. In a may include synthetic forward crossover, to turn toward the left the right foot materials to improve is crossed over the left and just the opposite is true the overall fit and when turning to the right. Crossovers are also done decrease weight. The while skating backward using the same method as boot provides the moving forward. mounting surface on the sole and heel for ! SCULLING (SWIZZLES) – A basic two-foot propulsion the blade of the ice skate.! method used by beginners where the feet are pushed in ! BLADE "!One component of the ice-skate that is typically 3/16” thick and out on the inside edges of the blade to move forward or backward. and composed of tempered steel and chrome. The blade has a number of components including the toe pick to assist primarily ! STROKING – Stroking is a fundamental skating move, which with toe jumps (see “Toe Jumps”) and footwork (see is used to gain speed either forward or backward. In “Footwork”), contains a radius or a curve if viewed from the stroking, the skater does alternating pushes using the side called a “rocker” that is important for spins, and is inside edges of the skate blade. hollowed to create two distinct edges for stroking (see “Stroking”), edge jumps (see “Edge Jumps”), and various edges ! SWIZZLES – see “Sculling. and turns. The blade component of an ice dancer’s skate is approximately one inch shorter than a regular blade with a smaller toe-pick to improve intricate footwork.! STOPPING ! HOCKEY STOP – A stop on the ice where the feet are place parallel to each other and perpendicular to line of motion and the torso inline with the direction of motion.! ! ! SNOWPLOW STOP – A stop on the ice where the knees are TURNS bent and both feet are placed in a pigeon-toe position while pushing both heels out away from each other. ! BRACKET – A turn on one foot in which the skater turns ! T-STOP – A stop on the ice where the blades of the skate are counterclockwise from either forward to backward or placed in a “T” position. The middle of one skate blade backward to forward and moving from either an outside should be placed perpendicular at the heel of the other to an inside edge or inside to an outside edge. skate blade. This stop can be performed with either foot (Example: In a right forward outside bracket the skater leading. begins on a right forward outside edge and turns counterclockwise to a right backward inside edge). ! CHOCTAW – A two-foot turn in which the skater turns from E , T & M DGES URNS OVES same edge on one foot to the opposite edge on the alternate foot. (Example: In a rocker-like choctaw the skater transfers from a right forward inside edge to a E DGES left back outside edge. The opposite is true for a counter-like choctaw). ! EDGES – Edges are a foundational skating move performed ! COUNTER – A turn on one foot in which the skater turns either forward or backward. Edges are a series of lobes counterclockwise from either forward to backward or (see “Lobes”) performed on a straight line using either backward to forward and maintains either an outside or the outside or inside edge of the blade. For example, to an inside edge. (Example: In a right forward outside perform forward outside edges begin in a “T” position counter the skater begins on a right forward outside facing perpendicular to the line on the ice. Lead with edge and turns counterclockwise to a right backward the right foot and create a lobe while staying on the outside edge). right foot outside edge of the blade. When returning to the line push onto a left outside edge. This is continued ! MOHAWK – A two-foot turn in which the skater turns from in a series along the line. Edges are performed on same edge on one foot to the same edge on the forward and backward outside and inside edges on both opposite foot. (Example: In an inside mohawk the the right and left feet. skater transfers from a right forward inside edge to a left back inside edge). ! LOBE – A pattern created on the ice while performing an edge that forms an arc of a circle beginning and ending on an axis. ! ! ROCKER – A turn on one foot in which the skater turns ! PIVOT – An element in which the skater places one toe pick in clockwise from either forward to backward or backward the ice and rotates around that central point either to forward and maintaining either an outside or an forward or backward on either an inside or outside inside edge. (Example: In a right forward outside edge. counter the skater begins on a right forward outside edge and turns clockwise to a right backward outside ! SPIRAL – An element in which the skater extends edge). the non-skating leg behind them in an ! THREE-TURN – A turn on one foot in which the skater turns arabesque position either forward or backward on either inside or outside from either forward to backward or backward to edges of the skate blade.! forward and moving from either an outside to an inside edge or inside to an outside edge. (Example: In a right forward outside three-turn the skater begins on a right forward outside edge and turns to a right backward inside edge). M OVES ! SPIRAL SEQUENCE – A sequence of various spirals in a pattern across the ice either forward or backward and ! INA BAUER – A position in which the skater may include both inside and outside edges of the blade. glides across the ice with the blades parallel and one skate on an outside ! SPREAD EAGLE – A position in which the skater edge with the knee bent and the other glides across the ice on both skates on either an on an inside edge with the leg inside or an outside edge with the heels facing extended behind. The skates each other and the toes pointing in opposite face opposite directions.! directions.! ! ! STEP SEQUENCE – A sequence of steps immediately ! CAMEL SPIN – A spin performed on one foot, either the left following one another that are choreographically or the right depending on the skaters preferred spinning related to each other. direction, with the non-skating free leg extended in the air parallel to the ice in a spiral or arabesque position (see “Spiral”). S S INGLES KATING ! FORWARD UPRIGHT SPIN– A spin performed on one foot, either the left or the right depending on the skaters preferred spinning direction. If performed on ! SINGLES SKATING – A discipline in figure skating where an the right, the skater rotates clockwise and if on the left individual male or female performs a variety of jumps, counterclockwise. spins, footwork, and other figure skating elements. ! HAIRCUTTER SPIN – A spin performed on one foot, either the left or the right depending on the skaters S preferred spinning direction, with the free leg pulled PINS back in a catch-foot position (see “Catch-foot”) at the level of, but not above, the head with the skaters head dropped back near the skate blade.!! ! BACK SPIN – See “Back Upright Spin” ! BACK UPRIGHT SPIN (ONE FOOT SPIN) – A spin performed on one foot, either the left or the right depending on the skaters preferred spinning direction. If performed on the right, the skater rotates counterclockwise and if on the left the skater rotates clockwise. ! LAYBACK SPIN – A spin performed on one foot, either the left or the right depending on the skaters ! BIELLMANN SPIN – A spin performed on one foot, preferred spinning direction, where the back is either the left or the right depending on the extended and the head and shoulders parallel to skaters preferred spinning the ice.!! direction, with the free leg pulled back above the head from behind in a catch-foot position (see “Catch-foot”).! ! ! ONE FOOT SPIN – See “Forward Upright Spin” ! FLYING CAMEL SPIN – A flying spin performed on one foot, either the left or the right depending on the ! SCRATCH SPIN – see “Forward Upright Spin” skaters preferred spinning direction beginning in a ! SIT SPIN – A spin performed on one foot, either forward camel spin (see “Camel Spin”) and jumping to change feet to begin spinning on the other leg in a the left or the right depending on the backward camel spin. skaters preferred spinning direction, while in a “sitting” position. ! FLYING REVERSE SIT SPIN – A flying spin performed on The skating knee is bent and one foot, either the left or the right depending on the the non-skating free skaters preferred spinning direction, with an entry leg extended. similar to a flying sit spin (see “Sit Spin” or “Flying Sit Spin”) but the skater jumps in the air and lands on the opposite foot in the “sitting” position for a backward sit spin. ! FLYING SIT SPIN – A flying spin performed on one foot, ! TWO-FOOT SPIN – A spin that is performed on two feet on either the left or the right depending on the skaters the ice parallel to each other approximately shoulder preferred spinning direction, with an entry similar to a width apart. sit spin (see “Sit Spin”) but the skater jumps in the air and lands on the same foot in a “sitting” position for a forward sit spin. F S LYING PINS J UMPS ! DEATH DROP – See “Flying Camel Sit Spin” ! FLYING CAMEL SIT SPIN (DEATH DROP) – A flying ! BUNNY HOP – A basic jump in which the skater takes off spin performed on one foot, either the left or the right forward on the blade of the left skate, landing forward depending on the skaters preferred spinning direction, on the right toe pick and back on the blade of the left with an entry similar to an Axel jump (see “Axel Jump”) skate without any revolutions. with the skater kicking the take off leg backward and landing on the opposite foot in the “sitting” position for ! COMBINATION JUMP – A series of two or more jumps a backward sit spin. typically performed without a change in feet or a turn.! ! EDGE JUMPS! ! EDGE JUMP – A jump in which the skater takes off from the either the inside or outside edge of the blade. Common edge jumps include the Salchow, loop, and Axel jumps. ! AXEL JUMP – An edge jump in which the skater takes off from a forward outside edge and lands on the opposite foot on a backward outside edge. Because of the forward takeoff, the Axel Jump is an extra ½ revolution. (RBO – Right back outside edge, LFO – Left forward outside edge). ! LOOP JUMP – An edge jump in which the skater takes off from a backward outside edge and landing on the same backward outside edge. (RBO – Right back outside edge). ! ! SALCHOW JUMP – An edge jump in which the skater takes off from a backward inside edge and lands on the opposite foot on a backward outside edge. (LFO – Left forward outside edge, LBI – Left back inside edge, RBO – Right back outside edge). ! WALTZ JUMP – A basic edge jump in which the skater takes off on forward outside edge and rotates only ½ revolution and lands on the opposite foot on a backward outside edge. (RBO – Right back outside edge, LFO – Left forward inside edge).!! ! TOE JUMPS! ! TOE JUMP – A jump in which the skater uses the toe-pick of one skate and the blade of the other skate for the takeoff of the jump. Common toe jumps include the toe loop, Lutz, and flip jumps. ! FLIP JUMP – A toe-pick assisted jump in which the skater takes off from backward inside edge and opposite toe-pick and lands on the opposite foot from the take off on a backward outside edge. (LFI – Left forward inside edge, LFO – Left forward inside edge, LBI – Left back inside edge, RBO – Right back outside edge). ! LUTZ JUMP – A toe-pick assisted jump in which the skater takes off from backward outside edge and opposite toe-pick and lands on the opposite foot on a backward outside edge. (LBO – Left back outside edge, RBO – Right back outside edge).! !