Feudal Empires Norman and Plantagenet This page intentionally left blank Feudal Empires Norman and Plantagenet John Le Patourel THE HAMBLEDON PRESS The Hambledon Press 1984 35 Gloucester Avenue, London NW1 7 AX History Series 18 ISBN 0 907628 22 2 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Le Patourel, John Feudal Empires. 1. Great Britain - History - Medieval period, 1066-1485 I. Title 942.02 DA175 © Mrs. H. E. J. Le Patourel 1984 © Foreword. Michael Jones 1984 This book contains 410 pages. CONTENTS Acknowledgements vii Foreword by Michael Jones ix Select Bibliography of John Le Patourel xiii I The Early History of St. Peter Port 171 -208 II The Origins of the Channel Islands Legal System 198-210 III The Authorship of the Grand Coutumier de Normandie 292-300 IV Guernsey, Jersey and their Environment in the Middle Ages 435-61 V The Date of the Trial on Penenden Heath 378-88 VT Norman Barons 3-31 VII Normandy and England 1066-1144 3-38 VIII The Plantagenet Dominions 289-308 IX Angevin Successions and the Angevin Empire 1-17 X Henri II Plantagenet et la Bretagne 99-116 Appendix I: Guillaume Fils Ham on 117-18 Appendix II: Guillaume Fils Raoul 119-20 XI The Origins of the Hundred Years War 28-50 XII Edward III and the Kingdom of France 173-89 XIII The Treaty of Brétigny, 1360 19-39 XIV L'occupation anglaise de Calais au XIVe siècle 228-41 XV The King and the Princes in Fourteenth-Century France 155-83 XVI The Medieval Borough of Leeds 12-21 XVII Is Northern History a Subject? 1-15 XVIII France and England in the Middle Ages 1-14 Index 1-16 This page intentionally left blank ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The articles collected here, with the exception of Chapters IX and XVIII which are new, appeared originally in the following places and are reprinted by the kind permission of the original publishers. I Société Guernesiaise Report and Transactions, xii (2)(1935). II Solicitor Quarterly, 1 (1962). III English Historical Review, Ivi ( 1941 ). IV SORT, (1975). V £.#.£., lxi( 1946). VI Historical Association Pamphlet 4 in 1066 Commemoration Series. First published by Hastings and Bexhill Branch of The Historical Association (1966); reprinted by The Historical Association (1971). VE Stenton Lecture, University of Reading ( 1970). VIII History, 1 (1965). X Mémoires de la Société d'Histoire et d'Archéologie de Bretagne, Iviii ( 1981 ); Annales de Normandie, xxix (1979), 376-7, and xxx (1980), 321-2. XI The Hundred Years War, ed. Kenneth Fowler (Macmjllans, London, 1971). XII History, xliii (1958). XIII Transactions of the Royal Historical Society, 5th Series, 10 (1960). XIV Revue du Nord, xxxiii (1951). XV Europe in the Late Middle Ages, ed. by J.R. Hale, J.R.L. Highfield and B. Smalley (Faber, London, 1965). XVI Thoresby Society Miscellany, 13, Part I (1959). XVII Northern History, xii (1976). This page intentionally left blank FOREWORD This collection of selected papers by John Le Patourel is largely based on a list which he drew up in July 1981 shortly before his death. The general ideas behind his choice were 'to pick out the papers I thought best worth including, while avoiding overlapping as much as possible; that the Channel Islands should not be over-represented; and that the category I have labelled 'The Fourteenth Century' should be represented pretty well in full'. In making a final selection these criteria have been respected as far as possible but since his sequel to The Norman Empire (1976), provisionally entitled The Plantagenet Realm, on which he was working at the time of his death, remains unfinished and in a form too incomplete for publication, it has seemed appropriate to include more preparatory essays on this theme than the author had originally intended to represent his latest views. Among such essays is a previously unpublished one on 'Angevin Successions and the Angevin Empire' delivered as a lecture in Cambridge in May 1980. In part this complements an earlier important article on 'The Norman Succession, 966-1135' (English Historical Review, lxxxvi(1971), 225-50) which is not reproduced here. Another paper, previously unpublished, 'France and England in the Middle Ages' was delivered as the Clapton Lecture at Leeds in 1977. It gives 'preliminary expression to the general ideas I have been forming over a lifetime'. Indeed it will be apparent that one of the most striking features of this anthology is the unity, modification and development of Professor Le Patourel's thought from his earliest to the latest essays included in this volume. Born and brought up in Guernsey, one surviving territorial link between the English Crown and the former Duchy of Normandy, he was uniquely conscious among modern scholars of the fact that in the period which most interested him 'the effective political units from 1066 until some time in the fourteenth century were not England and France as we ordinarily think of them, but a Norman empire and an Angevin empire and a kingdom of France (the 'Capetian empire'), overlapping and interpenetrating'. From early days he sensed that a comparative approach to many issues, whether seen in a local or wider context, would yield new insights and understanding. Remarks à propos the underdeveloped form of urban institutions in the Channel Islands, Normandy and Brittany made in