} 114th Congress } Committee Print SOURCE BOOK PRINT 2nd Session 2016-RM FESTSCHRIFT in honor of RICK McKINNEY SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE SOURCE BOOK LEGISLATIVE RESEARCH SPECIAL INTEREST SECTION LAW LIBRARIANS’ SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, D.C. JUNE 2016 LAW LIBRARIANS’ SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, D.C. WASHINGTON: 2016 LLSDC EXECUTIVE BOARD PAMELA LIPSCOMB, President ANDREW MARTIN, TRACY WOODARD, Vice President Corresponding Secretary MARY KATE HUNTER, JENNIFER DOLLAR, Past President Recording Secretary EMILY FLORIO, Treasurer KRIS ROTH, Board Member ARLENE FLETCHER, EMILY CARR, Board Member Assistant Treasurer KREIG KITTS, Board Member LEGISLATIVE RESEARCH SPECIAL INTEREST SECTION KELLY McGLYNN, President SUSAN PRIES, Vice-President SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE SOURCE BOOK TOMASZ KOLODZIEJ, Chair JEFF BIRD SUE ANN ORSINI RICK McKINNEY ELLEN SWEET This Festschrift would not exist without the assistance of the following individuals listed in alphabetical order: Carrie Ansell, Debra Atkins, Jeff Bird, Dawn Bohls, Christine Ciambella, Blane Dessy, Dennis Feldt, Irv Gutman, Joyce Manna Janto, Peggy Jarrett, Kat Klepfer, Pamela Lipscomb, Ronald McKinney, Theresa McKinney, Cheryl Nyberg, SueAnn Orsini, Roger Skalbeck, Ellen Sweet, and Mike Welsh. (i) LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL LAW LIBRARIANS’ SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON, D.C. LEGISLATIVE RESEARCH SPECIAL INTEREST SECTION SUBCOMMITTEE ON THE SOURCE BOOK Washington, D.C., June 2016. THANKS, RICK… Thanks very much, merci beaucoup, muchas gracias, vielen dank, todah raba. There are neither languages nor words enough for us to express our gratitude to you for all you’ve done over the years. All of your contributions to the profession of law librarianship, especially those made as part of your activities in LLSDC (Law Librarians’ Society of Washington, D.C.) attest to your dedication, knowledge, and selflessness. Directories, union lists, chairmanships, brown bag programs, and last but definitely not least, the Legislative Source Book have made our work lives easier and better. Some, like the Source Book, have arguably established the gold standard for creating and publicizing quality content. That hasn’t stopped us from trying, though. This Festschrift is dedicated to you in recognition of your storied career, and, like all of your efforts, is substantive. In keeping with your history of professional contribution, we’ve put together a work that we hope, in addition to giving folks the history and background of many of your efforts, adds to our profession. We hope that you find it an appropriate expression of our collective appreciation. Sincerely, MEMBERS OF LLSDC (iii) CONTENTS The Importance of Federal Law Librarians and Federal Law Libraries ............................................................. 1 An Overview of the Development of U.S. Congressional Committees .................................................................... 15 LLSDC’s Legislative Source Book: History and Development .............................................................................. 52 The Future of Legislative History: A Wish List ....................................................................................................... 60 An Appreciation From “The Other Washington” ................................................................................ 64 Honoring Rick McKinney and LLSDC’s Legislative Source Book ................................................................................... 69 Link Bait Headlines For Your Facebook Friends .......................... 71 Minor Federal Government Regulatory Agencies ........................ 75 OMG – The Internet is Amazing .................................................... 78 Preserving the LLSDC Legislative Source Book with Perma.cc .... 81 (v) THE IMPORTANCE OF FEDERAL LAW LIBRARIANS AND FEDERAL LAW LIBRARIES DENNIS G. FELDT U.S. DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE LIBRARIES What is the value and purpose of federal law librarians? What value do they add to a federal agency or court in a week, a month, over the span of a career? What value has their library services and collections added to their organization’s overall mission, as well? Do federal law librarians ever ask themselves these questions, or do they only consider them at the culmination of a dedicated library career at a federal law library, such as the Law Library of Congress, U.S. Supreme Court Library, U.S. Department of Justice Libraries, or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve Board Law Library – just to name a few? This paper is a small tribute to such a dedicated law librarian: Mr. Rick McKinney, Assistant Law Librarian, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve. Dedicated to supporting the general and legal research requirements, mission and critical work of the Board of Governors over the years, Rick has made a career out of adding significant value to the Federal Reserve Board and his profession. To understand the importance of Rick’s career as a federal law librarian, however, it is important to first understand the role of federal law libraries and how they have helped shape our nation of laws. 1789 – THE BEGINNING OF FEDERAL LIBRARIES Federal libraries had a definite purpose and origin that began with the 1 2 founding of our country. The founding fathers recognized the value of federal libraries with the establishment of library collections to support the varied research needs of a fledgling and developing system of government. Law and legal reasoning formed the cornerstone of the country and helped establish a representative government; a government made up of three branches, each formed to develop and interpret federal laws. 1789 saw the establishment of the first federal library at the State Department, founded by the first Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson.1 In that same pivotal year, several other historic firsts would lay the foundation for today’s Federal Government and the need to this day for federal law libraries and librarians: ratification of the United States Constitution; the first session of the First Federal Congress; inauguration of the first President; establishment of the federal judiciary; and the creation and appointment of the first United States Attorney General. LEGISLATIVE BRANCH: THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FEDERAL LAW AND FEDERAL LAW LIBRARIES Article I, section 1, of the Constitution prescribed that: “All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.”2 Charged with carrying out the legislative functions of a Federal Government, the Congress has always had a two-fold purpose: providing for the representation of citizens and for lawmaking designed to benefit citizens and the country. The framers of the Constitution intended primary federal lawmaking in the country to be in the hands of its legislative body representatives. Congress, the “first branch” of the U.S. government, is the primary maker of laws and national policy. As such, the powers, structure, and procedures of the Congress are more clearly defined in the United States Constitution, unlike those of the federal judiciary, for example, which required subsequent legislation to help define and shape the powers and structure of the federal courts and American jurisprudence. The Constitution provides the core framework of a complicated lawmaking 1 U.S. Department of State, Library Services: Retrieved December 7, 2015, from http://www.state.gov/m/a/ls/. 2 U.S. Const. art. I, § 1. 3 system. Legislation, resulting ultimately in public laws, follows an intricate, rule-laden course. Each step of the legislative process encounters hurdles to ultimate passage, allowing members of Congress to defer or modify legislation to protect, or better provide for, the civil and economic liberties of their constituents. Therefore, the legislative process resembles an obstacle course that favors more the opponents of legislation over the proponents with many points along the way for potential laws to be delayed or killed. To guard against the speedy enactment of federal laws without consideration or inclusion of the citizens that may be affected by them, such as the tyrannical British rule experienced by the colonies without representation, the framers of the Constitution intended Congress to debate and compromise even with an end result of fewer enacted laws. LIBRARIES WITHIN THE LEGISLATIVE BRANCH: THE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS / LAW LIBRARY OF CONGRESS Thomas Jefferson wrote that “there is, in fact, no subject to which a member of Congress may not have occasion to refer.”3 It is this statement that reveals, to this day, the importance of the Library of Congress to Congress’ two- fold purpose of representing citizens and for lawmaking to benefit citizens and the country. Recognizing the growing need for research collections to assist with a variety of legislative topics of concern to its citizens, Congress passed a bill in 1800 to establish a Congressional library. Approved by President Adams, the bill appropriated $5,000 for “such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress …” to be located in the Capitol building.4 The British attack in 1814 on Washington and burning of the U.S. Capitol during the “War of 1812” resulted in the destruction of much of that early collection. The collections of the Library of Congress were subsequently reestablished through the purchase of Jefferson’s own personal library collection in 1815 by Congress. At the time of the purchase, Jefferson’s collection contained 6,487 volumes in such diverse fields as politics, history, science, law, literature, fine arts, and philosophy, and was recognized as one 3 Jefferson, Thomas. Letter to Samuel H. Smith, Esq., September 21, 1814, The Writings of Thomas Jefferson, Memorial ed., Vol. XIV, p. 193. Washington, D.C.: The Thomas Jefferson Memorial Association, 1904. 4 Library of Congress, History of the Library: Retrieved December 8, 2015, from http://www.loc.gov/about/history-of-the-library/.