y 'vo^r^gk'j Arc -*v^l P k MAY 3 1999 LIBRARIES DEPOSITORY RenewingOurNational ThestewardshipofAmerica'sarcheologicalheritageisawell-establishedpolicyandfunctionofthe Strategy forFederal federalgovernment. Interagencycooperationandpartnershipsarefundamentaltothismission. — — Archeology Archeologicalresources sites,collections,andrecords areuniqueandfragile.Theymustbeused wiselyandprotectedforfuturegenerations. In1991theSecretaryoftheInterioridentifiedareasofspecialemphasisforfederal agencieswith archeologicalprograms.Thisupdateofthe NationalStrategyrenewsourefforttopursuethese actions. Preserveand Protect ArcheologicalSitesin Place Identify,evaluate, anddocumentsites Increaseourunderstandingofthepastandimprovepreservationthroughwell designedresearch Assessanddocumentthreatstositesandmonitortheircondition Preventorslowdeteriorationofsitesbystabilizationandothermeans Fightlootingwithpublicawarenessprogramsandeffectivelegalstrategiesamongarcheologists, lawenforcementofficers, andpublicprosecutors ConserveArcheologicalCollectionsandRecords Locatecollectionsandrecords, assesstheircondition, andconserveappropriately Identifyactionsneededtoensure long-termcareofandaccesstocollectionsandrecords Undertake,facilitate,andpromoteresearchusingcollectionsandrecordstobetterunderstand thepast UtilizeandShareArcheological ResearchResults Synthesizeresearchresults,particularlyfromthegreyliterature,toadvancescientificknowl- edge,furtherpreservation,andbetterinformthepublic Facilitateuseofarcheologicaldatabasesbymanagersandresearchers Developdatastandardstobettershareresearchresults IncreasePublicEducationand Participation in Archeology Establisheducationprogramsasaregularagencyfunction Interpretarcheologicalresearchforthepublicinawaythatisaccurateandunderstandable Considertheviewsofdiverseculturalgroupswheninterpretingthepast Engagethepublicinarcheologythroughprofessionallydirectedvolunteerprograms BruceBabbitt Secretaryofthe Interior March 1999 THG FGDGRAL AR?HG9L?Gy PR9GRAM 1996-97 SecretaryoftheInteriors ReporttoCongress BvDanielHaas U.S. Department oj theInterior NationalParkService DepartmentalConsultingAreheologist KrcheologyandEthnographyProgram . Washington,D.C. - C_,PfcGBOOTHOALLAi i C9NTCNT£ NTR9DU9TI9N 6 I RG99MMGN DATI9NS 10 OUR NflTIVG PARTNGRS IN PRGSGRVATI9N 16 I. Discovery and Preservation 24 2. Preventing Looting and Vandalism 36 3- Reaching Out to the Public 44 4* Conserving Collections and Sites 54 Left: NavajocoupleatNewMexico'sCanyondcChcllywithWhiteHouseRuinintheba<.I TR5EETIM — — Thearcheologicalrecord whathasbeenleftbehindbythosewhocamebefore isa vaststoreofknowledgeaboutourdiverseculturalheritage.Thatrecordisfragileand irreplaceable,constantlyundergoingchangesfromculturalandnaturalprocessesthat threatenthevaluableinformationitcontains. Ourknowledgeofthepastdependson howwellwepreserveandinvestigatethiswealthofinformation. TheAmericanpeoplehavechargedtheirgovernmentwithpreservinganestimated6 to7millionarcheologicalsiteson743 millionacresoffederalandtriballand.The archeologydonebygovernmentagenciesisrequiredbytheArchaeologicalResources ProtectionActandtheNational Historic PreservationAct.Oneimportantgoalisto preservesitesthat are (ormaybe) eligibleforthe National RegisterofHistoric Places andthatareprotectedundertheArchaeological Resources ProtectionAct.Agencies mustconsidertheeffectprojectstheyconduct, fund,orauthorize haveon these sites. Theseprojectsareonfederal, tribal,state, orprivateland,entailingroadconstruc- tion, mining,logging, buildingprisons,andotherearth disturbingactivities. Thisreport,calledforbytheArcheological and Historic PreservationActand the Archaeological Resources Protection Act, assesses the accomplishmentsoi agencies witharcheologicalprogramsaswellasthe impact ol lederal projectson the nation's archeologicalheritage.Thelatterlegislation, passed in 1979tocounterrampant loot Left: AncientroomsinthecliffofLongHouse,anAnasaziruinat BandelierNationalMonument.NewMexico. L ing, alsocallsforfederalland ventinglootingandvandal- managerstoissuepermitsfor ism,educatingthepublic, DepartmentsandAgenciesThatConduct, archeologicalwork,create andconservingcollections Sponsor,or LicenseArcheology publicawarenessprograms, andrecords.Thisreport AF AirForce undertakecomprehensive examinesprogressandrec- ANG Air'NationalGuard surveysoflands, anddocu- ommendsfurtheractions. BIA BureauofIndianAffairs mentarcheologicalcrimes. Toleadusintothenext BLM BureauofLandManagement Theextentofanagency's millenniumtheSecretary BOPBureauofPrisons involvementinthefederal hasissuedanewstrategy BOR BureauofReclamation CG CoastGuard archeologyprogramdepends askingagenciestorenew COE CorpsofEngineers onitsmission; manyhave theirefforts (seeinside DOA DepartmentoftheArmy archeologistsonstaff. Land frontcover). DOE DepartmentofEnergy managementagenciesare Thefederalarcheology DOI DepartmentoftheIntcrior responsibleforvasttracts programbringstogether EDA EconomicDevelopmentAdministration containinghundredsofthou- thearcheologicalcommu- EPA EnvironmentalProtectionAgency sandsofsites; theBureauof nity,privategroups, and FAA FederalAviationAdministration FERC FederalEnergyRegulatoryCommission LandManagement, Forest thepublic; itreachesmil- FHA FederalHighwayAdministration Service, FishandWildlife lionsofAmericans. FMHA FarmersHomeAdministration Service,andNational Park Partnershipsarefunda- FRA FederalRailroadAdministration Servicemanage85percentof mental.Thisreporthigh- FS ForestService O federallandsand80percent lightscooperativeefforts FSA FarmServiceAgency ofknownarcheologicalsites withtribes (seepage16), FTA FederalTransportationAdministration ontheselands.Theresponsi- whoaregraduallytaking FWS FishandWildlifeService bilitytopreserveisequally moreresponsibilityinpre- GSA GeneralServicesAdministration importantforregulatory servingsites,collections, HHS DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices HUD DepartmentofHousingandUrbanDevelopment agenciessuchastheNuclear andrecordsundertheir INS ImmigrationandNaturalizationService RegulatoryCommissionand jurisdictionandelsewhere. MMS MineralsManagementService developmentagenciessuchas Withanyeffortofthis NASA NationalAeronauticsandSpaceAdministration theDepartmentofHousing magnitude, incomplete NOAA NationalOceanicandAtmosphericAdministration andUrbanDevelopment, datahaveaneffect; thesta- NPS NationalParkService whichsponsorandlicense tisticshereareageneral HRC NuclearRegulatoryCommission manyprojectsonprivateland. measureofthearcheology NRCS NaturalResourceConservationService The Secretaryofthe programratherthanapre- OSM OfficeofSurfaceMining Interior,whohasaleading cisecalculation. Inall, 39 RUS RuralUtilityService SI SmithsonianInstitution roleinpreservation,devel- agenciesanddepartments TVA TennesseeValleyAuthority opedastrategythatagencies providedinformation USGS U.S.GeologicalSurvey shouldconsiderincarrying (HUDandthe Federal USMC U.S.MarineCorps outtheirstewardship HighwayAdministration USN U.S.Navy responsibilities. Firstissued did not).Thesestatistics USPS U.S.PostalService in1991,thestrategyoutlined areon the Park Service VA DepartmentofVeteranAffairs actionstotakeinpreserving websiteatwww.cr.nps.gov/ andresearchingsites,pre- aad/src.htm. Left:Openingtomineshaft,wherethestateofUtahsetasideanhistoricminingdistrictforposterity.