Proceedings of the Zoological Institute RAS Vol. 315, No. 1, 2011, рр. 19–37 УДК 595.42:598.279.25+598.277 FEATHER MITES OF THE GENUS PANDALURA HULL (ASTIGMATA: PSOROPTOIDIDAE) FROM OWLS AND CAPRIMULGIFORMS S.V. Mironov Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya Emb. 1, 199034 Saint Petersburg, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Two new species of the feather mite genus Pandalura Hull, 1934 (Psoroptoididae: Pandalurinae) are described for the first time from birds of the order Caprimulgiformes: Pandalura oconnori sp. n. from Steatornis caripensis Humboldt, 1817 (Steatornithidae), and Pandalura podargi sp. nov. from Podargus strigoides (Latham, 1802) (Podargidae). Two previously described species of this genus from owls (Strigiformes: Strigidae) are redescribed based on materials from corresponding type hosts: P. strigisoti (Buchholz, 1869) from Asio otus (Linnaeus, 1758), and P. cirrata (Müller, 1860) comb nov. from Bubo bubo (Linnaeus, 1758). An improved diagnosis of the genus Pandalura and a key to known species are provided. Key words: feather mites, Pandalura, Psoroptoididae, systematics, host associations, Strigiformes, Caprimulgiformes ПЕРЬЕВЫЕ КЛЕЩИ РОДА PANDALURA HULL (ASTIGMATA: PSOROPTOIDIDAE) С СОВ И КОЗОДОЕОБРАЗНЫХ С.В. Миронов Зоологический институт Российской академии наук, Университетская наб. 1, 199034 Санкт-Петербург, Россия; e-mail: [email protected] РЕЗЮМЕ Два новых вида перьевых клещей рода Pandalura Hull, 1934 (Psoroptoididae: Pandalurinae) впервые опи- саны с птиц отряда Caprimulgiformes: Pandalura oconnori sp. nov. с Steatornis caripensis Humboldt, 1817 (Steatornithidae) и P. podargi sp. n. с Podargus strigoides (Latham, 1802) (Podargidae). Два ранее известных вида этого рода с сов (Strigiformes: Strigidae) переописаны с использование материала с соответствующих типо- вых хозяева: P. strigisoti (Buchholz, 1869) с Asio otus (Linnaeus, 1758) и P. cirrata (Müller, 1860) comb nov. с Bubo bubo (Linnaeus, 1758). Предложены новый диагноз рода Pandalura и ключ для всех известных видов. Ключевые слова: перьевые клещи, Pandalura, Psoroptoididae, систематика, связи с хозяевами, Strigiformes, Caprimulgiformes INTRODUCTION genus, as for all representatives of the family Psorop- toididae, have the typical appearance of inhabitants The feather mite genus Pandalura Hull, 1934 of downy feathers, which are characterized by the fol- (Psoroptoididae) is one of eight genera recently lowing features: a flattened and moderately widened recognized of the subfamily Pandalurinae (Gaud and idiosoma, relatively long lateral and caudal setae of Atyeo 1982, 1996; Mironov 2004, 2007). Mites of this the body, and well developed two anterior pairs of 20 S.V. Mironov legs provided with spine- and hook-like processes for specimens were collected from living or accidentally attaching to thread-like barbs (Mironov 1987; Dab- killed birds by the author and colleagues from differ- ert and Mironov 1999). Mites of the genus Pandalura ent institutions. Mites were stored in 70% ethanol mostly live on downy parts of the covert feathers of and mounted in slides in Faure medium according the body. Nevertheless, representatives of this genus to standard technique (Evans 1992). Samples from as well as other pandalurines very often can be found caprimulgiform birds (mites mounted on slides) were on firm vanes of the flight and tail feathers of their granted to the named collection by the late Prof. hosts (personal field observations). W.T. Atyeo (University of Georgia, Athens, USA). According to the current taxonomic concept The species description is given in the modern (Gaud and Till 1961; Gaud and Atyeo 1982) the ge- format proposed for mites of the family Psoroptoidi- nus Pandalura included to date a single species Pan- dae (Mironov and Pérez 2002; Mironov 2004, 2007; dalura strigisoti (Buchholz, 1869). This species was Mironov and Proctor 2005). General morphological originally described from the Long-eared Owl Asio terms and the leg and idiosomal chaetotaxy follow otus (Linnaeus, 1758) in Europe (Buchholz 1869). Gaud and Atyeo (1996). The measuring technique Since then, mites referred to this species have been for opithosomal lobe structures is as proposed by recorded from 17 species of seven genera of owls from Mironov (2004) specifically for psoroptoidid mites. the families Strigidae and Tytonidae (Strigiformes) All measurements are in micrometers (μm). Latin (Canestrini and Kramer 1899; Hull 1934; Lonnfors names and systematics of birds follow Dickinson 1937; Gaud 1958, 1980; Gaud and Till 1961; Atyeo (2003). and Philips 1984; Philips 2000). Therefore, it was Measuring techniques for particular structures: reasonably assumed for a long time that this genus is (i) length of idiosoma is measured from the anterior restricted to hosts from the order Strigiformes. Nev- margin to bases of setae h3 on the lobar apices (in ertheless, in past thirty years findings of unnamed males) and to posterior margin of opisthosoma (in Pandalura species were reported from caprimulgiform females), width of idiosoma is measured at level of birds by Gaud and Atyeo (1982, 1996) and OConnor the humeral shields; (University of Michigan, USA, personal com.). Un- (ii) hysterosoma is measured from the level of sejugal fortunately, all these records were undescribed. furrow noticeable on the lateral margin of the In the present paper I describe two new species body to the bases of setae h3; of the genus Pandalura from caprimulgiform birds (iii) distance between different pairs of setae is the of the families Podargidae and Steatornithidae and shortest distance between the transverse levels redescribe two species from owls: the type species P. formed by setae of respective pairs; strigisoti and one more species transferred from the (iv) prodorsal shield length is measured along the genus Dimorphus Haller, 1878. Additionally, an im- midline, and width is the greatest width at the proved diagnosis of the genus Pandalura and a key to level of the postero-lateral extensions; all known species are proposed. (v) hysteronotal shield length in males is the greatest It is important to note that the occurrence of length from the anterior margin to bases of setae mites of the genus Pandalura both on Strigiformes h3; width is measured at the anterior margin; and Caprimulgiformes, used as a parasitological (vi) hysteronotal shield length in females is the criterion, supports the hypothesis of a close relation- greatest length from the anterior margin to the ship between these orders, or at least of the lineages posterior one; width is measured at anterior and of Podargidae and Steatornithidae with owls as was posterior margins; recently shown by Barrowclough et al. (2006) (see (vii) length of terminal lobar digit in males is mea- Livezey and Zusi 2007 for various alternative hy- sured along its lateral margin. potheses on phylogeny of Caprimulgiformes). Abbreviations indicating depositories of type and other materials: UMMZ – the Museum of Zoology of MATERIAL AND METHODS the University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, USA); ZIN– the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of The material from owls belongs to the mite col- Sciences (Saint Petersburg, Russia), MBUCV – lection (UFC ZIN No. 2-2.20) of the Zoological Colección de Parasitología, Museo de Biología, Uni- Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences; these versidad Central de Venezuela (Caracas, Venezuela). Feather mites of the genus Pandalura 21 SYSTEMATICS Legs III strongly hypertrophied. Tibia III with short antaxial and paraxial processes (spurs), mem- Family Psoroptoididae Gaud et Atyeo, 1982 branous ventral spur present or absent (Figs. 3C, D). Subfamily Pandalurinae Gaud et Atyeo, 1982 Tarsus III elongate, attenuate apically, with acute Genus Pandalura Hull, 1934 and flattened apical extension; seta w situated basally, blade-like or lanceolate; other setae of this segment Type species: Dermaleichus strigisoti Buchholz, filiform. Tarsus IV elongate, subequal in length to 1869, by original designation. corresponding tibia, without any processes; seta d, e Diagnosis. Both sexes. Pandalurine mites of me- barrel-shaped with well-developed apical discoid cap dium or large size. Palpal setae dTi bifurcate with situated apically; seta r short spiculiform, situated unequal branches. Prodorsal shield narrow, occupy- apically (Fig. 3E). ing median part of prodorsum, with or without longi- Female. Hysteronotal shield as longitudinal plate tudinal crests, with short postero-lateral extensions slightly enlarged posteriorly or rectangular. Posterior bearing setae se, si (Figs. 1A, 2A). Vertical setae vi end of opisthosoma with two pairs of macrochaetae, present, setae ve absent. Median hysteronotal setae c1, h2, h3. Epigynium semicircular or horseshoe-shaped, d1, h1 present or absent, setae e1 present. Epimerites free from epimerites (Fig. 2B). Setae d of tarsi III, IV I fused into a Y. Supracoxal setae scx absent. Tarsi I, II shorter than corresponding segments. without ventral process, with or without acute apical Hosts. Strigiformes: Strigidae and Tytonidae; extension (Figs. 3A, B, 7A, B). Tibiae I, II with pair of Caprimulgiformes: Podargidae and Steatornithidae. large and usually acute ventral processes. Femora I, II The genus includes 4 species. with rounded lateral margin or with large hook-like process. Legs I–IV with full set of setae characteristic Remarks. 1. The unique male features of the genus for Analgoidea. Pandalura discriminating it from other seven genera of Male. Opisthosomal lobes of complicated con- the subfamily Pandalurinae are as follows: idiosomal figuration: outer margin of each lobe with 2 incisions setae ps2 are situated anterior to setae f2; setae h2 are between 3 finger-like extensions: anterior extension situated on the lateral lobar digit (Figs. 1A–C); tarsus bearing seta f2 (corresponding to postero-lateral IV is normally developed, elongate and subequal in angle of opisthosoma in other Pandalurinae), lateral length to corresponding tibia (Figs. 3E, 10D); seta r of lobar digit carrying seta h2, and terminal lobar digit tarsus IV is short and spiculiform; seta w of tarsus III is bearing seta h3 (narrowed apical part of lobe) (Figs. blade-like, straight or curved (Figs. 3C, D, 7C). These 1A, B). Setae ps2 situated anterior to bases of setae features put the genus Pandalura in a quite separate f2. Terminal cleft large, parallel-sided or with poorly position within the subfamily. In other pandalurine expressed blunt-angular ledge bearing seta ps1. Inter- genera, setae ps2 are situated much posteriorly, i.e. lobar membrane situated in anterior part of terminal on the lateral lobar digits, while setae h2 sit near the cleft (Fig. 8A) or spreading to lobar apices (Fig. 1A, postero-lateral angles of opisthosoma bearing setae f2, 4A) and forming short terminal lamellae (Fig. 5A). (Mironov 2004, 2007). Thus, the lateral lobar digits in Epimerites II and III free from epimerites IV (actu- Pandalura males appear to be not homologous to those ally fused epimerites IIIa and IV), coxal fields II, III in other pandalurines. In contrast to Pandalura, tarsus open. Setae 3a on inner tips of epimerites IV, setae 3b IV in males of all other genera of Psoroptoididae is on inner tips of long and strongly curved epimerites strongly shortened, half as long as the tibia, or even III. Genital apparatus small, situated at level of shorter. Within the family Psoroptoididae, the blade trochanters III, aedeagus shorter than genital arch. like seta wIII is observed only in males of the genus Paragenital apodemes well developed, long and wide, Hexacaudalges Mironov et Proctor, 2005, but that forming a long inverted U and encompassing genital genus has seta rIII also blade-like and occupies quite field (Fig. 1B), or their posterior ends completely separate position in the subfamily Psoroptoidinae ow- fused forming large entire plate between genital and ing to a number of its own unique features (Mironov anal fields and genital apparatus appears completely and Proctor 2005). Females of Pandalura are rather encircled (Fig. 8B). Adanal apodeme present, repre- similar to those of other pandalurine genera and can be sented by entire long bow-shaped sclerite, with setae clearly differentiate only by having setae d of tarsi III, ps3 on its posterior margin and with adanal membrane IV noticeably shorter than corresponding segments, on anterior margin. and narrow prodorsal and hysteronotal shields. 22 S.V. Mironov 2. When Hull (1934) established the genus Pan- membrane with rounded anterior end, seta w of tarsus dalura, it included eight species, which according to III blade-like and curved (Figs. 1A, 3D, E). In female, modern taxonomic concepts now belong to different hysteronotal shield slightly enlarged posteriorly, its posterior part 1.5–2 times wider than anterior one, se- genera of the families Analgidae and Psoroptoididae. tae d2, e2 situated on striated tegument (Figs. 2A, 4E) Gaud and Till (1961) reduced the species content of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Pandalura to the type species, Pandalura strigisoti, 3. In male, width of terminal cleft in anterior part 30–35, although these authors did not propose any renewed setae ps1 situated at midlevel of terminal lobar digits, diagnosis for this genus. Since this time to the present paragenital apodemes extending well past midlevel of day, it has been considered that the genus includes anal suckers (Figs. 1A, B). In female, setae h1 situated only this species widely distributed on Strigiformes. in posterior angles of hysteronotal shield or near them Almost all researchers working after 1870s missed one (Fig. 2B). In both sexes, setae c1 absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . more closely related species, Dermaleichus cirratus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. strigisoti (Buchholz, 1869) – In male, width of terminal cleft in anterior part 45–50, Müller, 1860, which was described from the Eurasian setae ps1 in basal part of terminal lobar digit, paragenital Eagle Owl Bubo bubo (Linnaeus, 1758) from Europe apodemes usually not extending past the anterior mar- (Müller 1860). Only Oudemans (1939) noticed this gin of anal suckers (Figs. 4A, B, E). In female, setae h1 publication and even synonymized D. strigisoti with situated closer to each other than width of hysteronotal D. cirratus, but his work was also missed by subse- shield at posterior margin. Setae c1 in male present, in quent experts. females present or absent . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3. Although most records of Pandalura species have . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. cirratus (Müller, 1860) comb. n. been from owls (see Philips 2000), unnamed repre- sentatives of this genus were detected on caprimulgi- Pandalura strigisoti (Buchholz, 1869) form birds of the families Podargidae (Gaud and (Figs. 1–3) Atyeo 1982, 1996) and Steatornithidae (OConnor, University of Michigan, USA, personal communica- Dermaleichus strigisoti Buchholz, 1869: 45, t. 5, fig. 31. Dimorphus strigisoti, Haller 1878: 558, t. 33, figs. C, 2, 20; t. tion). Unfortunately, these quite interesting records 34, fig. E, t. 35, fig. H. essentially enlarging the host range of the genus and Megninia strigisoti, Berlese 1886: fasc. 25, No. 9; Canestrini giving important evidence regarding relationships of and Kramer 1899: 97; Bonnet 1924: 156, fig. 8. owls and caprimulgiforms remained undescribed. The Pandalura strigisoti, Hull 1934: 203, 205; Gaud and present paper tries to fill this gap in knowledge. Mouchet 1958: 40 (part.); Gaud and Till 1961: 202, fig. 117 (part.); Gaud 1980: 55 (part.). Key to species of the genus Pandalura Hull, 1934 Analges sunuosus Mégnin 1977 in: Robin and Mégnin 1877: 516, t. 28, fig. 5. 1. In both sexes, lateral margins of femora I, II with large Material examined. 5 males, 5 females (ZIN hook-like process (Figs. 10A, B). Hysteronotal setae c1, 4528-4543, 10 slides) from Asio otus (Linnaeus, d1 and h1 absent. In male, posterior parts of paragenital 1758) (Strigidae), RUSSIA: Kaliningrad Province, apodemes fused forming entire plate between genital Rybachy village, 55°05´N, 20°44´E, 7 October 1979, and anal fields (Figs. 8, 9A) . . . . . . . . . . P. podargi sp. n. coll. S.V. Mironov. – In both sexes, lateral margins of femora I, II without Description. Male (5 specimens from A. otus). hook-like processes (Figs. 3A, B). Hysteronotal setae Length of idiosoma 390–405, width of idiosoma d1 and h1 present, setae c1 present or absent. In male, posterior parts of paragenital apodemes not fused each 245–255, length of hysterosoma 303–316. Prodorsal other and genital field remains open posteriorly (Fig. shield: longitudinal plate with almost parallel-sided 1B) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 lateral margins, postero-lateral extension bearing 2. In male, length of idiosoma about 700, supranal concav- scapular setae se, si small and rounded, posterior ity not opening into terminal cleft, incision in interlobar margin convex, 102–106 in length, 70–75 in width membrane with angular anterior end, seta w of tarsus at posterior margin, surface with pair of longitudinal III lanceolate, straight (Figs. 5A, B, 7C). In female, grooves, distance between setae se 60–66. Hyster- hysteronotal shield roughly rectangular, setae d2, e2 onotal shield: slightly narrowed in anterior part, situated on lateral margins of this shield (Fig. 6A) . . . . anterior margin slightly convex, anterior angles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . P. oconnori sp. n. – In male, length of idiosoma less than 450, supranal con- rounded, greatest length 265–275, width at anterior cavity opening into terminal cleft, incision in interlobar margin 78–85. Setae c1 absent, setae d1–h1 present. Feather mites of the genus Pandalura 23 Fig. 1. Pandalura strigisoti (Buchholz, 1869), male. A – dorsal view; B – ventral view; C – details and measuring technique for some structures of opisthosomal lobes. Abbreviations: ae – anterior extension of opisthosomal lobe, dt – length of terminal lobar digit, in – length of incision in interlobar mem- brane, ld – lateral lobar digit, w – width of terminal cleft. Supranal concavity widely open into terminal and stretching by narrow bands to lobar apices, ante- cleft, border line between concavity and cleft indis- rior end of incision in interlobar membrane rounded tinct. Terminal cleft with lateral margins parallel-sid- (Fig. 1A). Terminal lobar digit of opisthosomal lobes ed in anterior part and slightly divergent posteriorly; straight, with setae ps1 situated approximately at interlobar membrane occupying anterior part of cleft its midlevel. Measurements of opisthosoma: length 24 S.V. Mironov Fig. 2. Pandalura strigisoti (Buchholz, 1869), female. A – dorsal view, B – ventral view. of terminal cleft including supranal concavity (from Length of sternum including sclerotized area anterior end of concavity to lobar apices) 102–110, between branches of epimerites I 35–40. Setae 3a length of incision (from anterior end of incision to and 3b approximately at same transverse level. Coxal lobar apices) 57–62, length of terminal lobar digit fields IV with narrow sclerotized areas at bases of tro- 30–35, width of cleft in anterior part (excluding in- chanters. Genital apparatus 12–13 long, 17–20 wide, terlobar membrane) 30–35, width of lobe at base aedeagus minute. Posterior ends of paragenital apo- (at level of setae ps2), width of terminal lobar digit demes not fused with each other posterior to genital in distal part 13–15. Distance between setae: c2:d2 apparatus area, extending past the anterior margins 66–75. d2:e2 74–77 e2:h3 125–130, h2:h2 72–78, of anal suckers (Fig. 1B). Setae g posterior to level h3:h3 48–53, ps2:ps2 105–110, ps1:ps1 38–40, d1:d2 of setae 4a. Adanal apodeme semicircular, thin, with 22–24, e1:e2 32–35, ps1:h3 15–18. narrow membrane along anterior margin. Anal suck- Feather mites of the genus Pandalura 25 ers 13–15 in diameter. Distance between setae: 3a:4a owls. Although this author gave only French names 62–65, 4a: g 9–13, g: ps3 65–68, ps3:h3 112–118. of two owl species, the first host was “Moyen-Duc”, Lateral margin of femur I with small acute inden- which corresponds to A. otus. Berlese (1886) synony- tation lateral margin of femur II rounded (Figs. 3A, mized A. sinuosus with D. strigisoti apparently based B). Tarsi I, II without acute apical extension. Tibiae on sufficiently informative illustrations of the male I, II each with pair of ventral spines of subequal size. opisthosoma and coincidence of hosts and placed this Ventral setae of tarsi and tibiae I, II not thickened. species into the genus Megninia Berlese, 1881, which Tibia III with short and acute antiaxial spine at base for a long time incorporated most analgid and pso- of solenidion φ and with rounded paraxial spine, both roptoidid mites with well developed opisthosomal about 4–6 long, and with acute membranous ventral lobes (Canestrini and Kramer 1899; Bonnet 1924). spine (Figs. 3D, E). Tarsus III with acute apical ex- Hull (1934) established a new genus Pandalura with tension, length of this segment 115–117, width at the type species D. strigisoti. Not knowing about that base 25–28; setae w blade-like, curved, 52–58 long. publication, Oudemans (1939) continued to treat Tarsus IV 40–42 long, two times longer than wide at D. strigisoti in the content of the genus Dimorphus base, setae d, e barrel-shaped, with clear discoid caps, and synonymized it with D. cirratus (Müller, 1860) setae r short spiculiform (Fig. 3E). (see remarks for the next species) described from the Female (5 specimens from A. otus). Length of id- Eurasian Eagle Owl B. bubo. This taxonomic decision iosoma 365–385, width of idiosoma 220–230, length as well as the existence of D. cirratus (Müller, 1860) of hysterosoma 255–268. Prodorsal shield shaped as remained unnoticed for subsequent researchers. in male, slightly narrowed anteriorly, 100–108 long, 2. Reducing the species content of the genus 80–85 wide, setae se separated by 72–75. Scapular Pandalura, Gaud and Till (1961) for reasons unclear shields large. Setae cp slightly longer than setae c3 indicated “Strix flammea (=Tyto alba)” as the type approximately equal to summed length of trochanter, host of P. strigisoti. This was quite strange, because femur and genu III. Hysteronotal shield shaped as these Latin names are not synonyms; each of them narrow trapezium, anterior margin slightly convex, corresponds to a valid owl species, in recent sense posterior margin slightly concave, length 153–165, the Short-eared Owl Asio flammeus (Pantoppidan, width at anterior margin 62–66, width at posterior 1763) and the Barn Owl T. alba (Scopoli, 1869). It margin 82–90 (Fig. 2A). Setae d1, e1 on hysteronotal is only possible to suggest that Gaud and Till (1961) shield near its lateral margins, setae h1 in posterior based these wrong data on the paper of Bonnet angles of this shield or near them, setae d2 and e2 (1924), who started the host list with A. flammeus, on striated tegument. Distance between setae: c2:d2 rather on the original description of P. strigisoti. In a 75–78, d2:e2 97–105, e2:h3 74–78, h2:h2 74–77, subsequent publication Gaud (1980) corrected the h3:h3 55–60, d1:d2 20–22, e1:e2 31–38. name of type host and provided a large list of hosts Length of sternum including sclerotized area be- recorded in Africa. tween epimerites I 46–50. Epigynum usually extend- 3. Host records of P. strigisoti during past 150 years ing to level of setae g, 55–58 long, 74–78 wide (Fig. were summarized by Philips (2000). It appeared that 2B). Epimerites IIIa narrow, with strongly enlarged this species was reported from 17 owl species of seven inner tips. Epimerites IVa present, short. Copulatory genera, mainly from the Old World: Asio capensis opening dorso-terminal. Distance between setae: (Smith, 1834), A. flammeus (Pontoppidan, 1763), A. 3a:3b 33–36, 3a:g 42–48, g:4a 56–62. otus (Linnaeus, 1758), Athene noctua (Scopoli, 1769), Legs I, II as in male, legs IV extending by distal Bubo africanus (Temminck, 1821), B. bubo (Linnaeus, half of tarsus beyond posterior margin of the body; 1758), B. lacteus (Temminck, 1820), B. leucostictus tarsus III 62–64, tarsus IV 64–66 long (Figs. 3F, G). Hartlaub, 1855, B. poensis Fraser 1853, B. shelleyi Remarks. 1. Deramaleichus strigisoti, the type spe- (Sharpe et Ussher, 1872), B. virginianus (Gmelin, cies of the genus Pandalura, was originally described 1788), Ptilopsis leucotis (Temminck, 1820), Scotopelia by Buchholz (1869) from the Long-eared Owl Asio peli (Bonaparte, 1850), Strix aluco Linnaeus, 1758, S. otus. Later, Haller (1878) moved this species to the nebulosa Forster, 1772, S. varia Barton, 1799, and genus Dimorphus 1878. Approximately at that time, Tyto alba (Scopoli, 1769). Distribution of one spe- Mégnin (in: Robin and Mégnin 1877) described cies among such a large number of hosts belonging Analges sinuosus Mégnin, 1877 from a few species of to different genera seems to be questionable. Also, B. 26 S.V. Mironov Fig. 3. Pandalura strigisoti (Buchholz, 1869), details of legs. A – E – male, F, G – female. A – leg I, dorsal view; B – leg II, dorsal view; C – tarsus and tibia III, dorsal view; D – tarsus and distal part of tibia III, ventral view; E – tarsus and tibia IV, dorsal view; F – tarsus III, G – tarsus IV. Abbreviations: an – antiaxial spine, pa – paraxial spine, vs – ventral spine. Feather mites of the genus Pandalura 27 bubo and B. virginianus bear a separate although very d2:e2 85–88, e2:h3 125–144, h2:h2 85–90, h3:h3 closely related species (see below). Therefore confir- 55–65, ps2:ps2 113–120, ps1:ps1 44–52, d1:d2 20–24, mation of host associations of P. strigisoti with owls e1:e2 40–45, ps1:h3 25–28. other than A. otus requires recollecting and precise Length of sternum including sclerotization be- re-investigation. tween branches of epimerites I 52–55. Setae 3a and 3b approximately at same transverse level. Coxal fields Pandalura cirrata (Müller, 1860) comb. nov. IV with narrow sclerotized areas at bases of trochant- (Fig. 4) ers. Genital apparatus 15–17 × 20–24, aedeagus min- ute. Posterior ends of paragenital apodemes not fused Dermaleichus cirratus J. Müller, 1860: 52, t. II, figs. 1a, 1b. with each other posterior to genital apparatus area, Dimorphus cirratus, Oudemans 1939: 187. and usually not extending past the anterior margin Pandalura strigisoti, Mumcouglu and Müller 1974: 290, of anal suckers (Fig. 4B). Setae g posterior to level fig. 1 (misidentification). of setae 4a. Adanal apodeme semicircular, thin, with Material examined. 5 males and 5 females (ZIN narrow membrane along anterior margin. Anal suck- 4544-553, 10 slides) from Bubo bubo (Linnaeus, ers 13–15 in diameter. Distance between setae: 3a:4a 1758) (Strigidae), SPAIN: Murcia, Alhama, 16 Janu- 62–65, 4a: g 12–15, g: ps3 66–68, ps3:h3 117–122. ary 2001, coll. J. Delgado. 1 male and 2 females (SM Lateral margin of femur I with a small acute tooth, 25 GHOW/1014/CEN/98) from B. virginianus lateral margin of femur II rounded. Tarsi I, II without (Gmelin, 1788) (Strigidae), CANADA: Manitoba, acute apical extension. Tibiae I, II each with pair of Starbuck, 12 July 1998, coll. T.D. Galloway. All speci- ventral spines of subequal size. Ventral setae of tarsi mens – ZIN. and tibiae I, II not thickened. Tibia III with short and Description. Male (5 specimens from B. bubo). acute antaxial spine at base of solenidion φ and with Length of idiosoma 420–430, width of idiosoma rounded paraxial extensions about long, both about 250–270, length of hysterosoma 300–320. Prodorsal 4–6 long, and with acute membranous ventral spine shield: a longitudinal plate with almost parallel-sided (Figs. 4C).Tarsus III with acute apical extension, lateral margins, postero-lateral extension bearing se- length of tarsus 113–115, width at base 22–27; setae tae se, si rounded, posterior margin convex, 108–112 w blade-like, curved, 48–57 long. Tarsus IV cylindri- in length, 70–75 in width, surface with pair of lon- cal 40–44 long, two times longer than wide at base, gitudinal grooves, distance between setae se 62–68. setae d, e barrel-shaped with clear discoid caps, setae Hysteronotal shield: anterior margin slightly convex, r short spiculiform (Fig. 4D). anterior angles rounded, anterior angles roughly Female (5 specimens from B. bubo). Length of id- right-angular, greatest length 275–300, width at iosoma 365–385, width of idiosoma 220–230, length anterior margin 80–98. Median hysteronotal se- of hysterosoma 255–268. Prodorsal shield shaped as tae c1–h1 present. Supranal concavity opens into in male, slightly narrowed anteriorly, 100–108 long, terminal cleft, border line between concavity and 80–85 wide, setae se separated by 72–75 (Fig. 4E). cleft indistinct. Terminal cleft with lateral margins Scapular shields large. Setae cp slightly longer than noticeably concave in anterior part and slightly di- setae c3 and approximately equal to summed length vergent posteriorly; interlobar membrane occupying of trochanter, femur and genu III. Hysteronotal anterior part of cleft and stretching by narrow bands shield shaped as longitudinal plate slightly enlarged to lobar apices, anterior end of incision in interlobar posteriorly, anterior margin straight, posterior mar- membrane rounded (Fig. 4A). Terminal lobar digit of gin slightly concave, length 153–165, width at ante- opisthosomal lobes straight, with setae ps1 situated rior margin 52–55, width at posterior margin 73–85. near its base. Measurements of opisthosoma: length Setae d1, e1 on hysteronotal shield near its lateral of terminal cleft including supranal concavity (from margins, setae c1, d2 and e2 on striated tegument (in anterior end of concavity to lobar apices) 100–106, 2 specimens setae c1 on one side absent), setae h1 sit- length of incision (from anterior end of incision to uated on posterior margin, noticeably closer to each lobar apices) 60–66, length of terminal lobar digit other than width of hysteronotal shield at posterior 30–35, width of cleft in anterior part (excluding in- margin. Distance between setae: c2:d2 75–80, d2:e2 terlobar membrane) 46–50, width of terminal lobar 95–105, e2:h3 77–88, h2:h2 82–93, h3:h3 64–75, digit 13–15. Distance between setae: c2:d2 64–70. d1:d2 7–15, e1:e2 42–45. 28 S.V. Mironov Fig. 4. Pandalura cirrata (Müller, 1860) comb.n. A – opisthosoma of male, dorsal view; B –opisthosoma of male, ventral view; C – tarsus and distal part of tibia III of male, ventral view; D – tarsus and tibia IV of male, dorsal view E – idiosoma of female, dorsal view. Length of sternum including sclerotization be- publication remained unknown to the majority of tween branches of epimerites I 44–51. Epigynum subsequent acarologists, including top experts on the extending to posterior pair of genital papillae or to systematics of feather mites. Only Oudemans (1939) setae g, 57–60 long, 84–93 wide. Epimerites IIIa nar- noticed this species and considered it in the content row, with strongly enlarged inner tips. Epimerites IVa of the genus Dimorphus. This author also declared D. present, short. Distance between setae: 3a:3b 26–37, strigisoti as a junior synonym of D. cirratus. The paper 3a:g 42–45, g:4a 84–66. Legs I, II as in male, legs IV of Oudemans also remained unnoticed by researchers extending by distal half of tarsus beyond posterior of the second part of 20th Century. Mumcuoglu and margin of opisthosoma; tarsus III 62–64, tarsus IV Müller (1974) reported “P. strigisoti” from B. bubo 64–69 long. and even gave figures of the male and female. Al- Remarks. Dermaleichus cirratus was originally though figures of “P. strigisoti” given by these authors described by J. Müller (1860) from the Eurasian contain a number of obvious errors (for instance, seta Eagle Owl Bubo bubo. The original descriptions and w of tarsus III in male is given as two separate setae, figures of this species were sufficient to allow the and anterior legs bear several nonexistent setae), the mite to be recognized as a representative of the family paragenital apodemes extending only to the level Psoroptoididae in recent sense. Unfortunately this of adanal apodemes in males and the epigynum not