edited by carol beardmore, cara dobbing and steven king Family Life in Britain, 1650–1910 Carol Beardmore · Cara Dobbing Steven King Editors Family Life in Britain, 1650–1910 Editors Carol Beardmore Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences The Open University Milton Keynes, UK Cara Dobbing School of Media, Communication and Sociology University of Leicester Leicester, UK ISBN 978-3-030-04854-9 ISBN 978-3-030-04855-6 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04855-6 Library of Congress Control Number: 2018967766 © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s) 2019 Chapter 8 is licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). For further details see license information in the chapter. This work is subject to copyright. 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Cover illustration: © whitemay/Getty Images This Palgrave Macmillan imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Steven King School of History, Politics and International Relations University of Leicester Leicester, UK v Contents 1 Introduction 1 Carol Beardmore, Cara Dobbing and Steven King Part I Economies of the Family 2 Family Fortunes: Marriage, Inheritance and Economic Challenges in Scotland c.1660–1800 23 Regina Poertner 3 Victorian Professions: The Galvanising (and Shaping) Force of Death on Families 47 Kim Price 4 “The Widows and Orphans of Servants Are Dying”: The Conflict of Family in the Design and Application of Nineteenth-Century Civil Servant Pensions 71 Kathleen McIlvenna vi CONTENTS Part II Family Processes 5 Step Motherhood in the Nineteenth Century: Elinor Packe and Continuing Family Cohesiveness, 1900–1911 97 Geoff Monks 6 Balancing the Family: Edward Wrench, Baslow G.P., c.1862–1890 113 Carol Beardmore 7 The Family and Insanity: The Experience of the Garlands Asylum, 1862–1910 135 Cara Dobbing 8 Conceptualising the ‘Perfect’ Family in Late Nineteenth-Century Philanthropic Institutions 155 Steven J. Taylor Part III Reconstituting the Family 9 Negotiating the Blending of Families: Tension and Affection Between Step-Parents and Children in Early Modern England 179 Maria Cannon 10 Family Beyond the Household: Constituting and Reconstituting as Kin 203 Iain Riddell 11 Configuring and Re-configuring Families in Nineteenth-Century England 229 Steven King Bibliography 255 Index 281 vii notes on Contributors Carol Beardmore holds a part-time Lectureship at De Montfort University and Associate Lectureship with the Open University, and a Research Fellowship at the University of Leicester, UK. Her research interests include the role of the land agent in rural communities and the history of the family as it relates to working relationships within general practice. Maria Cannon is a Lecturer in Early Modern History at the University of Portsmouth, UK. She received her Ph.D., titled ‘Families in Crisis: Parenting and the Life Cycle in English Society c. 1450–1620’, from Northumbria University in 2016. Her postdoctoral research focuses on stepfamilies and examines the relationship between affection, tension, and obligation in early modern family life. Cara Dobbing is based at the University of Leicester, UK. Her research examines the patients who circulated in and out of the Garlands Lunatic Asylum from its establishment in 1862 until the beginning of the First World War. Central to her work is recounting the pauper experi- ence of insanity. Her latest article provides a snapshot of her research: ‘The Circulation of Pauper Lunatics and the Transitory Nature of Mental Health Provision in Late Nineteenth Century Cumberland and Westmorland’, Local Population Studies, Vol. 99 (2017), pp. 56–65. Steven King is a Professor of Social and Economic History at the University of Leicester, UK. He has wide-ranging interests in historical viii NOTES ON CONTRIBUTORS demography and the history of the family, particularly in relation to the English and Welsh poor in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. His most recent work in this area is Writing the Lives of the English Poor, 1750s to 1830s (2018). Kathleen McIlvenna is a Lecturer in History at the University of Derby, UK with interests in nineteenth-century British social and cultural history and more specifically histories of welfare, labour, old age and the Post Office. Geoff Monks is a Research Fellow at the University of Leicester, UK. His research interests incorporate exploring how adult stepchildren and step-parents maintained family relationships at a distance, and the man- agement of landed estates. His latest article is ‘William Gould, Land Agent and the Rural Community in Nottingham and Derbyshire 1783– 1788’ in Family and Community History 21: 2 (2018). Regina Poertner is an Associate Professor of Modern History at Swansea University, UK, with a specialism in legal history. Her current research projects relate to British legal reform, c. 1750–1850, and inter- war US law. Past publications include a monograph on continental influ- ences in the constitutional debates of the British Civil War. Kim Price is a Research Associate at the University of Liverpool, UK. His research focuses on the medical profession, public health and healthcare for marginalised population groups in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Britain and the British Empire. Iain Riddell is completing his Ph.D. at the University of Leicester, UK, his doctoral study has explored the construction of a new theoretical and methodological approach to British records in order to recover, expose and discuss ideas of British kinship behaviours in the nineteenth century. His previous work has covered social connectedness in modern commu- nity settings. Steven J. Taylor is a historian of childhood and medicine. His research explores ideas and constructions of childhood health, lay and profes- sional diagnoses, ability and disability, and institutional care. His first monograph, Child Insanity in England, 1845–1907, was published by Palgrave Macmillan in 2016. He is currently researching the experience of special schools in the early twentieth century. ix List of figures Fig. 3.1 Beazeley family tree (Source Beazeley, Alexander’s Journal) 53 Fig. 10.1 Map of the Cardno kinship cluster centred upon the Kinharrichie Mill, Ellon, southern Buchan (Ancestry.co.uk, ‘1861 Scotland Census’; Ellon; 3; P15; L5; CSSCT1861_28; Methlick; 4; P4; L11; CSSCT1861_30; Ellon; 3; P13; L3; CSSCT1861_28; Ellon; 3; P16; L3; CSSCT1861_28) 206 Fig. 10.2 Two generations of Cardno, Kinharrichie (Ancestry.co.uk, Iain Riddell) 207 Fig. 10.3 Three generations of Fraser, Skilmafilly (Ancestry.co.uk, Iain Riddell, ‘Riddell Family Tree’, Iain Riddell) 208 Fig. 10.4 A Blacksmith Kinship nexus focused upon the Fraser blacksmiths of Skilmafilly, Savoch, in Buchan (Ancestry.co.uk, Original data—Scotland. Scotland Census: ‘King Edward; 10; P9; L650; Yr1841’; ‘Tarves; 1; P4; L14; CSSCT1851_52; Yr1851’; ‘Tarves; 1; P1; L11; CSSCT1891_72’; ‘Tyrie; 1; P2; L13; CSSCT1851_52; Yr1851’; ‘Tyrie; 1; P8; L13; CSSCT1871_44’; ‘Strichen; 2; P24; L15; Roll: CSSCT1861_33’; ‘Cabrach; 1; P11; L3; CSSCT1851_42; Yr1851’; ‘Pitsligo; 4; P10; L10; CSSCT1871_42’) 214 Fig. 10.5 The migration zones of the Fraser and Cardno related domestic groups 217 x LIST OF FIGURES Fig. 10.6 Fraser and Cardno kinship presence and events in Ontario (Ancestry.co.uk, ‘Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Registrations of Marriages, 1869–1928; MS932; 401’, Robert Cardno/ Alice Johnston; Scotlandspeople.gov.uk, Aberdeen Sheriff Court Inventories, James Craig, SC1/36/35; Toronto, Ontario, Canada; County Marriage Registers, 1858–June 1869; MS248; 17, Alexander Mutch/Mary Ann Simpson) 218 Fig. 10.7 Fraser and Cardno kinship presence and events in Manitoba (Ancestry.co.uk, 1901 Census of Canada, ‘Census Place: Louise, Lisgar, Manitoba; 4; 37’; ‘Year: 1901; Census Place: Louise, Lisgar, Manitoba; 11; 101’; ‘Census Place: Louise, Lisgar, Manitoba; 3; 28’; ‘Year: 1901; Census Place: Louise, Lisgar, Manitoba; 1; 8’; ‘Census Place: Louise, Lisgar, Manitoba; 1; 3’ and 1916 Canada Census of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Alberta: ‘Census Place: Manitoba, Lisgar, 16; T-21926; 13;147’; ‘Census Place: Manitoba, Lisgar, 19; T-21927; 4; 34’; 1911 Census of Canada, ‘Manitoba, Lisgar, sub-district 12’; ‘Ontario, Canada, Marriages, 1801–1928’, Registrations of Marriages, 1869–1928; MS932; 78) 219 Fig. 10.8 Maps of Aberdeen city and the Cardno familial units (Ancestry.co.uk, Iain Riddell, ‘Riddell Family Tree’, Iain Riddell) 221