Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series Yong Zhu · Alan T. Zehnder Editors Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Volume 4 Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics Conference Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Mechanics Series Series Editor Kristin B. Zimmerman, Ph.D. Society for Experimental Mechanics, Inc. Bethel,CT,USA More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/8922 Yong Zhu (cid:129) Alan T. Zehnder Editors Experimental and Applied Mechanics, Volume 4 Proceedings of the 2016 Annual Conference on Experimental and Applied Mechanics Editors YongZhu AlanT.Zehnder NorthCarolinaStateUniversity DepartmentofMechanicalandAerospaceEngineering Raleigh,NC,USA CornellUniversity Ithaca,NY,USA ISSN2191-5644 ISSN2191-5652 (electronic) ConferenceProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalMechanicsSeries ISBN978-3-319-42027-1 ISBN978-3-319-42028-8 (eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-319-42028-8 LibraryofCongressControlNumber: 2016950284 #TheSocietyforExperimentalMechanics,Inc.2017 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsof translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission orinformationstorageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodologynowknownorhereafterdeveloped. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecific statement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Thepublisher,theauthorsandtheeditorsaresafetoassumethattheadviceandinformationinthisbookarebelievedtobetrueandaccurateatthedateof publication.Neitherthepublishernortheauthorsortheeditorsgiveawarranty,expressorimplied,withrespecttothematerialcontainedhereinorforany errorsoromissionsthatmayhavebeenmade. Printedonacid-freepaper ThisSpringerimprintispublishedbySpringerNature TheregisteredcompanyisSpringerInternationalPublishingAGSwitzerland Preface ExperimentalandAppliedMechanicsrepresentsoneoftenvolumesoftechnicalpaperspresentedatthe2016SEMAnnual Conference&ExpositiononExperimentalandAppliedMechanicsorganizedbytheSocietyforExperimentalMechanics and held in Orlando, FL, on June 6–9, 2016. The complete Proceedings also includes volumes on Dynamic Behavior of Materials; Challenges in Mechanics of Time-Dependent Materials; Advancement of Optical Methods in Experimental Mechanics; Micro- and Nanomechanics; Mechanics of Biological Systems and Materials; Mechanics of Composite and Multifunctional Materials; Fracture, Fatigue, Failure and Damage Evolution; Residual Stress, Thermomechanics & Infrared Imaging, Hybrid Techniques and Inverse Problems; and Joining Technologies for Composites and Dissimilar Materials. Eachcollectionpresentsearlyfindingsfromexperimentalandcomputationalinvestigationsofanimportanttopicwithin thefieldofExperimentalMechanics.Thisvolumeincludespaperson:HybridExperimentalandComputationalTechniques, Advanced Experimental Mechanics Methods, Integration of Models and Experiments, Soft Materials, Education and ResearchinProgress,andApplications. Raleigh,NC YongZhu Ithaca,NY AlanT.Zehnder v Contents 1 EffectofSpecimenHolderonStaticandFatigueTestsonTitanium/CementInterfaces. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 S.Riahinezhad,Y.Li,andM.Khandaker 2 MechanicalBehaviorandAluminizationofCu21Zn6AlAlloys. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 H.H.LiandQ.Z.Li 3 NumericalAnalysisofStress/StrainFluctuationsinCoiledTubingDuring DeepwaterDeployment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 JoanneIshakandStevenM.Tipton 4 DeterminingSIFsUsingDICConsideringCrackClosureandBlunting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 G.L.G.Gonza´les,J.G.Diaz,J.A.O.Gonza´lez,J.T.P.Castro,andJ.L.F.Freire 5 CharacterizationofSub-surfaceDamageDuringtheEarlyStageofStressCorrosion CrackingbyNanoIndentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 DenizhanYavas,PratyushMishra,AshrafF.Bastawros,KurtR.Hebert,andPranavShrotriya 6 In-SituTensileTeston316HSentUsingDigitalImageCorrelation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 L.Podesta,B.Wattrisse,F.Latourte,L.Waltz,andJ.-M.Muracciole 7 CompressionTestingofSilicaMicrosphereswithSynchronizedSEMVideo. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 JenniferHay 8 DevelopmentofGlass/SteelBibeamSpecimenforStudyofBrittleCrackPathStability. .. . . . .. . . . . 59 S.J.GrutzikandE.D.Reedy 9 ConstructionProcedureofSpotWeldFailureModelforCrashSimulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 J.Ha,J.-H.Lim,andC.-Y.Oh 10 ConstitutiveModelCalibrationviaAutonomousMultiaxialExperimentation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 P.L.Phillips,R.A.Brockman,D.J.Buchanan,andR.John 11 MeasurementofStructuralStressesbyHole-DrillingandDIC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 JoshuaHarringtonandGaryS.Schajer 12 ASimulatortoOptimizetheExperimentalSet-UpforElasto-Plastic MaterialCharacterization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97 MicheleBadaloni,AttilioLattanzi,MarcoRossi,PascalLava,andDimitriDebruyne 13 NewMethodologyforSteady-StateFrictionMeasurementsofGranular MaterialsUnderPressure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 M.Bek,J.Gonzalez-Gutierrez,andI.Emri 14 ConstitutiveResponseofAA7075-T6AluminumAlloySheet inTensileandShearLoading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 T.Rahmaan,C.Butcher,andM.J.Worswick vii viii Contents 15 CharacterizationandModelingofPolymericFoamUnderMulti-Axial StaticandDynamicLoading. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 I.M.Daniel,J.S.Fenner,B.T.Werner,andJ.-M.Cho 16 CyclicLoadingExperimentforCharacterizingFoamViscoelasticBehavior. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Wei-YangLu,MatthewNeidigk,andNicholasWyatt 17 CompressionTestingofAgedLowDensityFlexiblePolyurethaneFoam. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 BrianT.Werner,Wei-YangLu,andKevinConnelly 18 ViscoelasticRelaxationofHEMA-DMAEMAResponsiveHydrogels. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 ChandlerC.Benjamin,RodericS.Lakes,andWendyC.Crone 19 StudyingtheInfluenceoftheReclaimedAsphaltPavement(RAP) onLocalDeformationPropertiesofAsphaltMixtures. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 M.-C.Teguedi,E.Toussaint,B.Blaysat,M.Gre´diac,S.Moreira,andS.Liandrat 20 AssessmentofWoodPropertiesUnderCompressionandDryingattheRing ScalewiththeGridMethod. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. 165 DjilyDang,EvelyneToussaint,RostandMoutouPitti,andMichelGre´diac Chapter 1 Effect of Specimen Holder on Static and Fatigue Tests on Titanium/Cement Interfaces S.Riahinezhad,Y.Li,andM.Khandaker Abstract A tension or compression load was applied onto the Ti rod to test the fracture strength and fatigue life of Ti-cementinterfaceunderstaticandfatigueloadings,respectively.Thesetestsarereferredasstaticandfatigueinthisstudy. Acustomizedholderforthecementisrequiredforthestaticandfatigueexperiments,sincethetypicalwedge,pneumatic,or hydraulicgripperarenotsuitableforstaticandfatiguetestsonthefracturetestsofbi-materialsamples.Theobjectivesofthis studyare(1)toevaluatetheeffectofcementthicknessonthefracturestrengthandfatiguelifeonTi-cementunionbyfinite elementanalysis;(2)toevaluatetheeffectofplasticcementholderandaluminumcementholderonfracturestrengthand fatigue life on Ti-cement union by experiment and finite element analysis. Ti-cement union model with 0.22 and 0.11 in. cement,Ti-cement-holderunionwithplasticandaluminumholderswerecreatedandvalidatedusingANSYSinthisstudyto developasuitablespecimenholderforstaticandfatiguetests.ExperimentalstatictestsofTi-cementwithbothplasticand aluminumspecimenholderswereconductedaswell.Theresultclearlyshowedthatbothplasticandaluminumholderscan beusedforstatictestwhereasaluminumholderrequiredmuchlargerfractureloadcomparedtothefractureloadonplastic holder.Plasticholderisnotsuitableforfatiguetest,becausefatiguetestrequiredastrongerandmorerigidholdersuchas aluminum. Keywords Titanium•Cement•Interface•PMMA•Polycaprolactone•Fracturestrength•Implant 1.1 Background Thebondofanidealimplantwithsurroundingtissuemustmaintaincertainfracturestrength,σf,duetostaticloads(e.g.body weight,carryweight)aswellasfatiguelife,N,duetocyclicloads(e.g.walking,running)[1].Accordinglysetupforfracture strengthandfatiguelifetest,especiallythespecimenholder,wasneededinthisresearch.Totheauthor’sbestunderstanding, therewerenostaticandfatiguetestgripperforbi-materialsamplesthatcanbesuitableforTestResourcesMachines(UTM). Finiteelementanalysisoncustomizedspecimenholderforstaticandfatiguetestswereexecutedinthisstudytovalidatethe applicationoftheholderforthesetests. Cementholdermaterialisoneofthemainfactorstoconsiderbeforethecementholderdesign.Theelasticpropertiesof cementholdermaterialmayaffectthefractureofTi-cementinterfaceunderthestatictests.Ifthecementholderisnotstrong enough, the damage will occur on the cement holder other than the Ti-cement interface. Cement thickness is also an important factor that affects Ti-cement interface. Fisher et al. [2] found out increasing cement mantle thickness caused substantialstrainreductionsinthedistalcementwhichmayeventuallyincreasethefatiguelifeofabone-implantsystem.In this study, effects of the cement holder material and cement thickness on the fracture of Ti-cement interface were investigatedtodetermineasuitablecementholderdesignforthestaticandfatiguetestofTi-cementinterface. Theobjectivesare(1)toevaluatetheeffectofcementthicknessonthestaticandfatiguetestsonTi-cementunionbyfinite elementanalysis;(2)toevaluatetheeffectofplasticcementholderandaluminumcementholderonstaticandfatiguetests onTi-cementunionbyexperimentandfiniteelementanalysis. Thescopeofworkforthisstudywas:(1)toconductstaticexperimenttestofTi-cementwithplasticholderandaluminum holder;(2)todeterminethefrictionalcoefficientofTi-cementinterfaceandcement-aluminumholderinterfacebasedonthe experimentresult;(3)todeterminethecementthicknessbycomparingthedeformationofTiatZaxis,Von-Misesstressof S.Riahinezhad•Y.Li•M.Khandaker(*) DepartmentofEngineeringandPhysics,UniversityofCentralOklahoma,Edmond,OK73034,USA e-mail:[email protected] #TheSocietyforExperimentalMechanics,Inc.2017 1 Y.Zhu,A.T.Zehnder(eds.),ExperimentalandAppliedMechanics,Volume4, ConferenceProceedingsoftheSocietyforExperimentalMechanicsSeries,DOI10.1007/978-3-319-42028-8_1