E.W. Kenyon’s influence of the use of the Scriptures in the Word of Faith Movement through the teachings of Kenneth E Hagin and Kenneth Copeland: A Dogmatic study A.G. Butterworth MMin Dissertation submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in Dogmatology at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University Supervisor: Prof. C.F.C. Coetzee November 2012 1 Abstract This study deals with how E.W. Kenyon’s use of the Bible was the foundation used by Kenneth Hagin and Kenneth Copeland to build the Word of Faith Movement. Kenyon could be considered the grandfather of this movement, while Hagin can be regarded as the father and Copeland, the one on whose shoulders Hagin’s mantle has fallen since his death. It includes brief biographies of Kenyon, Hagin and Copeland and their ministries. It looks into how influential Kenyon’s use of the Bible is in developing his doctrines, which have been copied by both Hagin and Copeland and the Word of Faith's pastors throughout the world. This study is not an exhaustive examination of Kenyon’s doctrines but enough is studied to show he does not conform to traditional reformed theological hermeneutics. Kenyon’s writings date back to the early twentieth century. Hagin’s writings are from the mid- and late twentieth century, while Copeland writes from the late twentieth century to the present day. It will be shown that Hagin and Copeland copied Kenyon’s use of the Bible almost verbatim, resulting in them promoting doctrines in the Word of Faith Movement similar to his doctrines. This study deals with Kenyon’s writings in Chapter 2, while Chapter 3 deals with Hagin’s and Copeland’s teachings. Chapter 4 compares the three’s teachings from a reformed theological perspective, using literature by fairly modern-day writers on reformed theology. Chapter 5 evaluates and concludes and offers recommendations for further study. Finally, Kenyon’s and his two followers’ teachings are summarised and evaluated. The study will also examine some of the effects these teachings have on the individual who attends Word of Faith Movement churches. Future research topics that could help in understanding the attraction these teachings have for people and the danger they pose to reformed churches today are suggested. Opsomming Hierdie studie handel oor hoe E.W. Kenyon se gebruik van die Bybel die grondslag was wat gebruik is deur Kenneth Hagin en Kenneth Copeland om die Word of Faith-beweging uit te bou. Kenyon kan beskou word as die grootvader van hierdie beweging, terwyl Hagin die vader was en Copeland die een was op wie se skouers Hagin se mantel sedert sy dood geval het. Die studie sluit kort biografieë van Kenyon, Hagin en Copeland en hul bedieninge in. Dit toon aan hoe invloedryk Kenyon se gebruik van die Bybel is in die ontwikkeling van sy leerstellings, wat deur beide Hagin en Copeland en die Word of Faith Movement se pastore reg deur die wêreld oorgeneem is. Hierdie studie is nie 'n volledige ondersoek van Kenyon se leerstellings nie, maar genoeg is bestudeer om te bewys dat sy Skrifhantering nie in ooreenstemming is met tradisionele gereformeerde hermeneutiek nie. Kenyon se geskrifte dateer terug na die vroeë twintigste eeu. Hagin se geskrifte is uit die middel- en laat twintigste eeu, terwyl Copeland skryf vanaf die einde van die twintigste eeu tot op hede. Daar word aangetoon dat Hagin en Copeland Kenyon se gebruik van die Bybel byna woordeliks in hulle bevordering van soortgelyke leerstellings in die Word of Faith-beweging oorneem. Hierdie studie handel oor Kenyon se geskrifte in Hoofstuk 2 terwyl Hoofstuk 3 Hagin en Copeland se leringe behandel. In Hoofstuk 4 word die drie se leerstellings vanuit 'n gereformeerde teologiese perspektief beoordeel deur dit te vergelyk met die standpunte van enkele erkende Gereformeerde teoloë. Hoofstuk 5 vat die studie 2 saam en Hoofstuk 6 kom tot bepaalde gevolgtrekkings en bied aanbevelings vir verdere studie. Ten slotte word Kenyon en sy volgelinge se leerstellings saamgevat en geëvalueer. Die studie sal ook ondersoek instel na sommige van die gevolge wat hierdie leerstellings het op die individu wat die Word of Faith-beweging se kerke bywoon. Daar word ook moontlike toekomstige navorsings-onderwerpe voorgestel wat kan help om die aantrekkingskrag wat hierdie leerstellings vir mense inhou, en die gevaar wat hulle vir gereformeerde kerke vandag inhou, te verstaan. key terms Word of Faith Movement (WFM), Neo Pentecostalism, Bibliology, Proof Texting, Faith Confessions and Dispensationalism acknowledgements First and foremost, without the Lord’s grace and the long-suffering support and patience of my wife, Pamela, I could never have completed this dissertation. I thank them above all. Secondly, I wish thank Prof. Fika van Rensburg and Antointte Moerdyk, who encouraged me to continue to complete this study. I also thank Prof. Callie Coetzee, who patiently guided me through to the end. Thirdly, I wish to thank my colleague Rev. Peter Thomas, who unswervingly supported me through this process, as well as the leadership of my church. Finally, I wish to thank my family and church members who were all so considerate during the process of writing this dissertation. 26 October 2012 3 Table of Contents Abstract ...................................................................................................................................ii Key terms ................................................................................................................................iii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................iii 1 CHAPTER 1 .....................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background ....................................................................................................................1 1.2 Problem Statement ........................................................................................................4 1.3 Central Research Statement .........................................................................................5 1.3.1 How does E.W. Kenyon use the Scripture? ................................................................5 1.3.2 Do Kenneth E. Hagin and Kenneth Copeland, founders of the WFM, use the Scriptures in the same way as E.W. Kenyon? ............................................................5 1.3.3 How Reformed theologians use the Scriptures? .........................................................5 1.3.4 From a reformed theological perspective, how should one evaluate the use of Scriptures by E.W. Kenyon, Kenneth E. Hagin and Kenneth Copeland? ...................5 1.4 Aims and objectives .......................................................................................................5 1.4.1 Aims ............................................................................................................................5 1.4.2 Objectives ....................................................................................................................5 1.5 Central Research Argument ..........................................................................................5 1.6 Methodology ..................................................................................................................6 1.6.1 A literature study of E.W. Kenyon’s written material ..................................................6 1.6.2 A Literature study of Kenneth Hagin’s and Kenneth Copeland’s written material ......6 1.6.3 The demonstration of Scripture usage from a reformed theological tradition .............6 1.6.4 The evaluation of E.W. Kenyon’s Kenneth Hagin’s and Kenneth Copeland’s writings from a reformed theological tradition and their effect on the church and will use works from the previous three chapters along with other sources mentioned in the Problem Statement ....................................................................................................................6 1.7 Classification of Chapters ..............................................................................................6 2 CHAPTER 2 2.1 A short History of the Word of Faith Movement .............................................................7 2.2 Kenyon: A Biographical Portrait (1867-1948) ...............................................................9 2.3 Kenyon’s Teachings ....................................................................................................13 4 2.3.1 Angelology .................................................................................................................16 2.3.2 Anthropology .............................................................................................................18 2.3.3 Bible ..........................................................................................................................22 2.3.4 Christology ................................................................................................................24 2.3.5 Ecclesiology ..............................................................................................................28 2.3.6 Faith ..........................................................................................................................34 2.3.7 Eschatology...............................................................................................................34 2.3.8 Hamartiology..............................................................................................................38 2.3.9 Pneumatology ...........................................................................................................40 2.3.10 Prayer ........................................................................................................................41 2.3.11 Theology Proper ........................................................................................................42 2.3.12 The Humanisation of God .........................................................................................43 2.3.13 Redemption ..............................................................................................................44 2.3.14 Righteousness ..........................................................................................................46 2.3.15 Soteriology ................................................................................................................46 3 CHAPTER 3 ...................................................................................................................50 3.1 Introduction ..................................................................................................................51 3.1.1 Hagin, Kenneth (1917-1999) .....................................................................................51 3.1.2 Hagin’s Visions ..........................................................................................................56 3.1.3 Hagin’s Teachings .....................................................................................................59 3.1.3.1.1 Angelology ............................................................................................................59 3.1.3.1.2 Anthropology ........................................................................................................60 3.1.3.1.3 Bibliology ..............................................................................................................61 3.1.3.1.4 Christ ....................................................................................................................63 3.1.3.1.5 Faith .....................................................................................................................64 3.1.3.1.6 Hamartiology ........................................................................................................66 3.1.3.1.7 Healing .................................................................................................................66 3.1.3.1.8 Ministry Gifts .........................................................................................................68 3.1.3.1.9 Pneumatology .......................................................................................................69 3.1.3.1.10 Prophecy ..............................................................................................................70 5 3.1.3.1.11 Prosperity .............................................................................................................70 3.1.3.1.12 Soteriology ............................................................................................................70 3.1.3.1.13 Spiritual Gifts ........................................................................................................72 3.1.3.1.14 Summary ..............................................................................................................72 3.2 Kenneth and Gloria Copeland .....................................................................................74 3.2.1 Copeland’s background and introduction ..................................................................74 3.2.2 Copeland’s Teachings ...............................................................................................75 3.2.2.1 Anthropology ...........................................................................................................75 3.2.2.2 Angelology ..............................................................................................................77 3.2.2.3 Bible ........................................................................................................................78 3.2.2.4 Christ .......................................................................................................................79 3.2.2.5 Faith ........................................................................................................................80 3.2.2.6 Healing ....................................................................................................................83 3.2.2.7 Ecclesiology ............................................................................................................84 3.2.2.8 Pneumatology .........................................................................................................85 3.2.2.9 Prosperity ................................................................................................................85 3.2.2.10 Soteriology ..............................................................................................................86 3.2.2.11 Summary .................................................................................................................86 4 CHAPTER 4....................................................................................................................87 4.1 Reformed Sources .......................................................................................................87 4.2 Introduction ..................................................................................................................88 4.3 Reformed Theology .....................................................................................................90 4.3.1 Abrahamic Covenant ................................................................................................90 4.3.2 Angelology .................................................................................................................92 4.3.3 Man versus God ........................................................................................................94 4.3.4 Bible ..........................................................................................................................99 4.3.5 Christology ..............................................................................................................105 4.3.6 Faith ........................................................................................................................112 4.3.7 Prayer/Faith Commands .........................................................................................115 4.3.8 Hamartiology ...........................................................................................................116 6 4.3.9 Worship ...................................................................................................................117 4.3.10 Healing ....................................................................................................................119 4.3.11 Pneumatology .........................................................................................................121 4.3.12 Soteriology ..............................................................................................................123 4.3.13 Spiritual Gifts ...........................................................................................................125 4.3.14 Prayer ......................................................................................................................128 4.3.15 Summary .................................................................................................................129 5 CHAPTER 5 ................................................................................................................130 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................130 5.2 Summary ...................................................................................................................130 5.2.1 Kenyon ....................................................................................................................131 5.2.2 Hagin .......................................................................................................................133 5.2.3 Copeland .................................................................................................................134 5.3 Evaluation of Major Themes ......................................................................................135 5.3.1 Bibliology .................................................................................................................135 5.3.2 Angelology ...............................................................................................................136 5.3.3 Anthropology ...........................................................................................................136 5.3.4 Christology ..............................................................................................................137 5.3.5 Faith ........................................................................................................................137 5.3.6 Hamartiology ...........................................................................................................138 5.3.7 Healing ....................................................................................................................139 5.3.8 Soteriology ..............................................................................................................139 5.3.9 Spiritual Gifts ..........................................................................................................140 5.3.10 Pneumatology .........................................................................................................140 5.3.11 Prayer ......................................................................................................................141 5.3.12 Worship ...................................................................................................................141 5.4 Conclusion .................................................................................................................142 5.5 Suggestions for future study ......................................................................................148 6 Reference List .............................................................................................................149 7 8 1. CHAPTER 1 FORMULATING THE PROBLEM 1.1 Background The Word of Faith Movement has gone through a number of names within the charismatic movement, including the Prosperity Gospel and the Word of Faith Movement. According to (Kurian,2001: word of faith), they emphasise the power of faith and positive confessing or verbally claiming their needs and obtaining the double blessing of the Holy Spirit in physical and financial well-being. This movement is founded on the teachings of E.W. Kenyon. These teachings continue to be promoted through Kenneth Hagin’s and later Kenneth Copeland’s teachings. Hagin is considered by many as the real founder, as it is his Rhema Bible Training Centre, which has been responsible for providing most of the movement’s pastors. The movement spreads through mainly Independent Charismatic Churches, according to (Kurian, 2001 word of faith). The main thrust of the WFM theology is its emphasis on personal power obtained by the double blessing of the Holy Spirit and the power of positive confession or what is commonly known as “name it and claim it”, (Gilley, 2008), which they claim is all based upon God’s Word (Tilton,1983:6). Modern leaders, such as Copeland, follow Kenyon and Hagin, by emphasising the power of the believers voicing their beliefs and wants with the same authority as the Scriptures. During twenty-six years of ministry, and through personal contact, concerns for the veracity and effects of the Word of Faith Movement’s Bible teachings on the body of Christ have been raised. Whenever ex- members of the WFM local churches attended the author’s church and churches of pastor friends for any length of time, it was found that within a short period of time problems were experienced within these churches. These members found it difficult to accept sound Biblical teachings regarding the following: that speaking in tongues was not for today, that the canon of the Bible is closed, that the Bible clearly teaches that we ask according to the will of God and not as we want. They also would put their experiences and visions above clear teachings of the Bible. Their Christian lifestyle seems to be one of Christ and His Word being there for their personal convenience rather than for God’s glory (Trinity Broadcast Network, 2008). In his book “In Defence of the Word of Faith Movement” Sims(2008), claims that the WFM tends to draw members of other churches with four basic promises. Firstly, claiming that the WFM is better at teaching and understanding the Bible than other churches. Secondly, with the teachings of the WFM, they will be free from legalistic and oppressive traditions. Thirdly, in the WFM, they would be free from the wrongful teaching of most mainline churches. Fourthly, in a WFM church they would be free to experience true spiritual gifts (Sims, 2008:33-50). These claims are similar to those claimed by Kenyon, Hagin and Copeland. In reality the WFM is guilty of the things it claims to free its adherents from, owing to their incorrect view and use of the Bible. 9 The WFM leaders claim their teachings are all based upon God’s Word (Tilton, 1983:6). Modern leaders, such as Hagin and later Copeland, follow Kenyon’s lead and are now emphasising the power of believers voicing their beliefs and wants with the same authority as the Scriptures, (McConnell,1995:104- 105), (Trinity Broadcast Network, 2008). Other prominent leaders include Gloria Copeland, Frederick Price of Ever Increasing Faith Ministries, Charles Capps, Marilyn Hickey, Lester Sumrall, Jerry Savelle, Bob Tilton, as well as Oral Roberts, who was also closely associated with the movement. In fact Kenneth Copeland attended the Oral Roberts University for almost a year (Kurion, 2001: word of faith). In most of his writings Kenyon claims to hold the Bible in high esteem, and constantly teaches about the integrity of the Word. He also claims that all his teachings are based upon the Bible (Kenyon, 2003:67- 73). What is the foundation or source of his teachings, as they often seem to be contrary to, or even adding to, the Scriptures? On comparing Kenyon’s, Hagin’s and Copeland’s use of the Bible from a reformed theological interpretation by their lack of use of the,grammatical/historical method of exegesis “requires the understanding of Scripture “literary genre” and historical background (Raymond, 1998:49), it is hard to understand their claim of being Bible-based. What is also confusing is their claim to be fundamental in their faith (Gilley, 2008). They often teach, using similar language as used in churches of other theological traditions (Trinity Broadcast Network, 2008). It is in their implication and applications where they diverge from most other denominational church traditions (Gilley, 2008). The Word of Faith Movement’s churches tend to be the largest and fastest growing churches within their areas (Kurian, 2001:word of faith) like Ray McCauley’s church in South Africa (McConnell:1995:195).This often creates the general perception that they must be doing something right and are greatly blessed by God (Trinity Broadcast Network, 2008). Their Bibliology and methodologies are having major effects within churches of all theological traditions (Gilley, 2008). Their “worship services” tend to be little more than what could be described as Christian extravaganza entertainment shows (Trinity Broadcast Network, 2008). People go to WFM churches to be entertained rather than to worship God (Hollinger, 1988:148). “Faith commands” that bring prosperity are more important to the ordinary WFM church attendee than the Bible’s generally accepted teachings. The ecclesiastical significance of the WFM cannot be over emphasised as its teachings are affecting most theological traditions (Gilley, 2008). One of the main problems in studying the WFM’s theology is that it is in a constant state of flux (Kurian, 2001: word of faith). Neither Kenyon, Hagin, Copeland, nor any of the primary leaders, who follow them has written what could be defined as systematic theology. One could say that they almost seem to promote an anti-intellectual stance, (MacArthur, 1992:308) as they are constantly emphasising the importance of emotions and experiences in their teachings and messages from the pulpit. 10