Evolution and the Future BEYOND HUMANISM: TRANS- AND POSTHUMANISM JENSEITS DES HUMANISMUS: TRANS- UND POSTHUMANISMUS Edited by / Herausgegeben von Stefan Lorenz Sorgner Editorial Board: H. James Birx Irina Deretic James J. Hughes Andy Miah Domna Pastourmatzi Evi Sampanikou Vol. / Bd. 5 Evolution and the Future Anthropology, Ethics, Religion Edited by Stefan Lorenz Sorgner and Branka-Rista Jovanovic In cooperation with Nikola Grimm Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. Cover Design: © Olaf Gloeckler, Atelier Platen, Friedberg Cover image: Jaime del Val: Microsexes Metaformance. Photo by Claude Fournier, Toulouse, 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Evolution and the future : anthropology, ethics, religion / edited by Stefan Lorenz Sorgner, and Branka-Rista Jovanovic, in cooperation with Nikola Grimm. pages cm. — (Beyond humanism: trans- and posthuma- nism, ISSN 2191-0391 ; vol. 5) ISBN 978-3-631-62369-5 1. Human evolution—Philosophy. 2. Human evolution—Fore- casting. I. Sorgner, Stefan Lorenz, editor of compilation. GN281.E886 2013 599.93'8—dc23 2013013940 ISSN 2191-0391 ISBN 978-3-631-62369-5 © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Frankfurt am Main 2013 All rights reserved. Peter Lang Edition is an Imprint of Peter Lang GmbH. Peter Lang – Frankfurt am Main · Bern · Bruxelles · New York · Oxford · Warszawa · Wien All parts of this publication are protected by copyright. Any utilisation outside the strict limits of the copyright law, without the permission of the publisher, is forbidden and liable to prosecution. This applies in particular to reproductions, translations, microfilming, and storage and processing in electronic retrieval systems. www.peterlang.de Acknowledgements The editors of the project “Evolution and the Future” thank the publishing house Peter Lang for enabling us to realize this book project. Financial support for the publication came from Kurt Benning, Dieter Mosburger and Siegfried Brenke for which we are extremely grateful, because the publication of this volume would not have been possible without it. As the various contributions to this volume were originally written for the conference “Evolution and the Future” which took place in Belgrade in October 2009, the sponsors of the conference listed below contributed enormously to the realization of this project. Please accept our best thanks: Ministry of Science, Technology and Development, Republic of Serbia Ministry of Religions, Republic of Serbia Embassy of the Kingdom of Holland, Belgrade U.S. Embassy, Belgrade Australian Embassy, Belgrade British Council, Belgrade Goethe-Institute, Belgrade Austrian Cultural-Forum, Belgrade Yugoslav Cinematheque, Belgrade NIKOLA TESLA Museum, Belgrade NGO Responsibility for the Future, Belgrade Konras Publisher, Belgrade Haimos Music Society, Belgrade Serbian Post Telekom Serbia Electronic Power Station Serbia Intesa Bank, Serbia AIK Bank, Serbia Konsig Group, Belgrade Holliday Travel, Belgrade Hotel Continental, Belgrade 6 The Editors The conference was organized primarily by Branka-Rista Jovanovic in coopera- tion with the University of Belgrade, the NGO Responsibility for the Future and INES. The Editors, November 2012 Table of Contents Acknowledgements ............................................................................................... 5 Introduction Evolution Today Stefan Lorenz Sorgner/Nikola Grimm .................................................................. 9 The Responsible Self Questions after Darwin Hille Haker ......................................................................................................... 21 Homo Sapiens, Animal Morabile A Sketch of a Philosophical Moral Anthropology Otfried Höffe ....................................................................................................... 35 Enhancement and Evolution Sarah Chan ......................................................................................................... 49 Ethical Assessment of Human Genetic Enhancement Nikolaus Knoepffler ............................................................................................ 67 Evolution, Education, and Genetic Enhancement Stefan Lorenz Sorgner ........................................................................................ 85 On the Origins of Modern Science Copernicus and Darwin Francisco J. Ayala ............................................................................................ 101 Technology as a New Theology From “New Atheism” to Technotheism Mikhail Epstein ................................................................................................. 115 Evolution and the Question of God and Morality The Debate over Richard Dawkins Dietmar Mieth ................................................................................................... 129 8 Table of Contents Evolutionary Theory Applied to Institutions The Impact of Europeanization on Higher Education Policies Vojin Rakic ....................................................................................................... 145 Music and Evolution DNA and the Evolution of Motifs in Beethovens greatest Piano Work “The Hammerklavier Sonata” Michael Leslie ................................................................................................... 171 Biographies ....................................................................................................... 187 Introduction Evolution Today Stefan Lorenz Sorgner / Nikola Grimm Darwin’s theory of evolution has been one of the most groundbreaking scientific insights during the past centuries. Its importance, relevance and implications have not yet been grasped in all their depth. This essay collection aims to provide some selected contemporary perspectives upon the potential of this theory for our contemporary world and for future generations. The collection does not aim at a comprehensive analysis of the challenges in question, but merely tries to follow and deal with some of the most central traces of the theory. In the first part of the introduction, a brief analysis will be given of the rela- tionship between the theory of evolution and central contemporary cultural movements, whereby our focus lies on meta-, trans-, and posthumanism, so that the relevance of the theory of evolution for cultural debates is being hinted at. In the second part of the introduction, the various contributions to this collection are being summarized. Cultural History after Darwin Darwin’s theory of evolution and Nietzsche’s perspectivism are two of the most important cultural insights during the previous 150 years. Both have shaped significantly the way many enlightened human beings grasp the world today, and both concepts have brought about a paradigm shift in many Academic disciplines and in the life world in particular in the enlightened parts of this world. Still, the importance of Darwin’s naturalism has long been neglected in many cultural fields apart from the natural sciences, e.g. it did not play a dominant role during postmodernity. The postmodern era can be characterized as the times during which the doubt concerning the truth as correspondence to the world and together with this insight the need for continuous processes of interpretation and play were seen as the basic constituent of our culture. It was the period of time dur- ing which a specific aspect of Nietzsche’s philosophy, namely his perspectivism, was particularly influential. However, during the previous 40 years, Darwin’s theory of evolution and hence, also his naturalism has steadily gained further cultur-