Evidence Based Clinical Aromatherapy Materia Medica Common Name Part Used Traditional/Folk Uses & Properties Evidence Based Properties Botanical Name(s) & Research Links Angelica Root expectorant for bronchial illnesses, colds and coughs, GI disorders, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, mosquito repellent Angelica archangelica Seed (fruit) alleviates dyspepsia, digestive tonic, cholagogue, appetite stimulant, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24788027 Angelica sinensis hormone balancer, adaptogen http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25576097 Angelica major skin care: dull, congested skin http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25515821 (caution: photosensitizing) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19113871 Basil Leaves & flowers increases concentration and mental alertness, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective Ocimum basilicum stimulates appetite and digestion, alleviates dyspepsia, flatulence http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23921795 skin care: acne, bites and stings, fungal and bacterial infections http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20499917 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19761043 Bergamot Peel (pressed) antidepressant, anti-anxiety, anti-insomnia, treats digestive complaints anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, anti-ischemic, Citrus x bergamia skin care: antiseptic, acne, brightens complexion neuroprotective, anti-anxiety, mood enhancing (caution: phototoxic) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20578719 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20499917 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25419658 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19607983 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21105176 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20093169 Blue Tansy Leaves & flowers calming, euphoric, anti-allergic, antifungal antifungal, anti-cancer Tanacetum annuum Shoots skin care: inflamed, sensitive, damaged skin http://www.aromaticscience.com/chemical-composition-and-anti (caution: not to be confused with Tanacetum vulgare which should not fungal-properties-of-the-essential-oil-of-tanacetum-annuum-2/ be used for aromatherapy purposes) http://www.fst.ac.ma/mjb/vol1/Iss4-5/ARTs/Chemical%20compo sition%20and%20anti-prolifertaive%20properties%20of%20the% 20essential.pdf Cajeput Leaves anti-hypertensive, anti-diabetic, antimicrobial, muscle aches and pains antibacterial Melaleuca cajuputi skin care: insect bites, acne, fungal and bacterial infections http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1293213 Melaleuca leucodendron Camphor, White Wood antiseptic, analgesic, treats respiratory complaints, colds, coughs, and antiseptic, analgesic, rubefacient, antioxidant, antifungal Cinnamomum camphora flu, muscle aches and pains http://www.bioline.org.br/pdf?ja09027 (caution: not to be confused with brown camphor or yellow camphor http://for.nchu.edu.tw/up_book/%E8%98%87%E8%A3%95%E6% which should not be used for aromatherapy purposes) 98%8C_201035042324Essential%20oil%20compositions.pdf Cardamom Seed aphrodisiac, antispasmodic, anti-nausea, treats digestive and antimicrobial, gastroprotective, chemopreventive agent against Elettaria cardamomum respiratory complaints, antimicrobial, tonic two-stage skin cancer skin care: antiseptic http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21695005 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16298093 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22404574 Cassia Bark antimicrobial, warming, anti-diarrheal, antidepressant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial Cinnamomum cassia Leaf (caution: skin sensitizer) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25364694 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24051402 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23647469 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16710900 Cedarwood Wood grounding, relaxing, antimicrobial, insect repellent antimicrobial, insect repellent Juniperus virginiana skin care: toning, oily skin, acne, dandruff, hair loss http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22430697 Cedrus atlantica http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24690252 Chamomile, German Flowers anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antispasmodic, treats skin anti-inflammatory, anti-migraine, neuroprotective, antipruritic, Matricaria chamomilla inflammation and itching, hay fever, GI spasms and complaints, antiallergic, antidiarrheal, antisecretory, analgesic, antiedemic, Matricaria recutita menstrual complaints, rheumatic pain, hemorrhoids, insomnia and antispasmodic, normalizes LH secretion, decreases signs of PCOS migraine http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25238714 skin care: sensitive skin, inflammatory conditions, dermatitis, eczema http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15964726 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25886126 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23983133 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23926485 Chamomile, Roman Flowers anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, antispasmodic, treats skin anti-inflammatory, sedative, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, anti- Anthemis nobilis inflammation and itching, hay fever, GI spasms and complaints, metabolic disorder, antiedemic, antioxidant, hypotensive Chamaemelum nobile menstrual complaints, rheumatic pain, hemorrhoids, insomnia and http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3247357 migraine, metabolic disorder http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24471493 skin care: sensitive skin, inflammatory conditions, dermatitis, eczema http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19811353 Cinnamon Bark anti-diabetic, treats metabolic syndrome, balances appetite, treats antibacterial, antifungal, anti-diabetic, antioxidant Cinnamomum zeylanicum Leaves dyspeptic complaints, digestive disorders, functional asthenias, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20379951 rheumatism, colds and flu http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25514231 (caution: skin sensitizer) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20363216 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22671971 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20499917 Citronella Grass insect repellent, treats parasites, digestive complaints, fever, insect repellent, antimicrobial Cymbopogon nardus menstrual complaints http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8936292 skin care: antiseptic http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24820563 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23825733 Clary Sage Flowering tops antidepressant, hormone balancing, treats migraine, hypertension, antidepressant, dysmenorrhea treatment, labor pain Salvia sclarea anxiety, dyspepsia, flatulence, respiratory complaints, amenorrhea management, treats postpartum anxiety and depression (lack of menstruation), dysmenorrhea (menstrual pain), PMS, labor http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20441789 pain, menopause symptoms http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16884344 skin care: acne, dandruff http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11033651 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22789792 Clove Buds antimicrobial, analgesic, treats tooth pain and oral inflammation, anesthetic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, antiviral, Eugenia caryophyllata Leaves muscle and joint pain, insect repellent anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, insect repellent (caution: skin sensitizer) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17380552 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17714361 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19589240 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20499917 Cypress Leaves treats respiratory complaints, asthma, coughing, hemorrhoids, poor antimicrobial, anti-cancer Cupressus sempervirens circulation, edema, cellulitis, dysmenorrhea (menstrual pain), muscle http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24890383 pain, excellent for lymphatic massage http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19435146 skin care: congested, oily, problem, acne http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19040575 Eucalyptus Leaves antimicrobial, treats respiratory complaints, rheumatic complaints, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, treatment of Eucalyptus globulus insect repellent respiratory disease, anti-asthmatic, insect repellent, insecticide Eucalyptus citriodora skin care: antiseptic, rash, bites, stings, bacterial infections (head lice) Eucalyptus radiata http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19039907 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22978309 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24831245 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20359267 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15005885 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12645832 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20512762 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19729299 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20496586 Fennel Seeds treats peptic discomfort, gastrointestinal disorders, flatulence, antibacterial, antifungal Foeniculum vulgare cellulitis, edema, excellent for lymphatic massage http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20030464 skin care: congested, dull, oily skin http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17004909 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19656417 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17897206 Fir Needles supports adrenal function, treats respiratory complaints, rheumatic flu resistance and neuralgic ailments Abies sibirica http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11785384 skin care: antiseptic, acne, bacterial and fungal infections Abies pectinata Frankincense Gum resin anti-anxiety, treats respiratory complaints, skin disease, rheumatism, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, immunomodulatory, syphilis, cystitis, GI disorders, religious practices antimicrobial Boswellia carteri skin care: mature, acne, burns, rashes, wound healing http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15879017 Boswellia serrata http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12710734 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19296830 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22288378 Geranium Leaves hypotensive, anti-edema, insect repellant, treats sore throat, earache, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, PMS MRSA treatment, antifungal Pelargonium graveolens skin care: acne, burns, cellulitis, bacterial and fungal infections http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3439344/ Pelargonium odorantissimum http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8893526 Pelargonium roseum http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20337938 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=15555788 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23496944 Ginger Root anti-fatigue, treats nausea, digestive complaints, respiratory anti-inflammatory, antiarthritic, pain management, complaints, muscle aches and pains, inflammatory conditions, sprains, immunomodulatory, gastroprotective, anti-nausea Zingiber officinale strains, colds and flu, fever, infectious disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7862743 skin care: inflammatory skin conditions http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18534325 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24559813 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24756059 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15571467 Grapefruit Peel (pressed) promotes weight loss, antidepressant, uplifting, energizing, antiseptic, boosts weight loss, anti-inflammatory disinfectant, detoxifying Citrus x paradisi http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599391 skin care: astringent, evens skin tone and brightens complexion http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14610259 (caution: mildly photosensitizing) Helichrysum Flowers anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, analgesic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, boosts weight loss treats bumps and bruises, muscle and joint pain Helichrysum italicum http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12568916 skin care: anti-aging, bruises, spider veins, acne Helichrysum angustifolium http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24969521 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599391 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25285382 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25599391 Ho Leaf Leaves calming, antimicrobial, sustainable substitute for Rosewood antifungal, antimicorbial, antioxidant Cinnamomum camphora skin care: inflamed, mature, acne http://for.nchu.edu.tw/up_book/%E8%98%87%E8%A3%95%E6% 98%8C_201035042324Essential%20oil%20compositions.pdf ct. linalool http://www.researchgate.net/publication/262648844_Antimicro bial_and_antioxidant_activities_of_ho-sho_%28Cinnamomum_ca mphora_Ness_e_Eberm_Var._Linaloolifera_fujita%29_essential_ oil Jasmine Flowers aphrodisiac, antidepressant, anti-anxiety, antispasmodic, expectorant, uplifts mood, labor pain relief, shortens the labor stages with no negative impact on the baby's APGAR score, antioxidant Jasminum officinale (absolute) uterine tonic http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20184043 skin care: dry, brittle, dehydrated, acne scars, mature http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25558267 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17295511 Juniper Berries treats dyspepsia, edema, cystitis, leucorrhea, dysmenorrhea antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory (menstrual pain), gout, excellent for lymphatic massage Juniperus communis http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12672151 skin care: acne, dermatitis, congested skin http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19505566 Laurel Leaf energizing, detoxifying, broncho-pulmonary disinfectant, antioxidant, antiproliferative, antidiarrheal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, mood enhancing, calming, grounding, increases physical performance without negative emotion Laurus nobilis antispasmodic, antiseptic, relieves stomach and abdominal complaints, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22017546 tonic http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24250611 skin care: acne, dandruff, regenerating, antifungal, antibacterial http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21756182 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22082096 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21383507 Lavandin Flowering tops calming, balancing, antimicrobial anti-anxiety Lavandula x intermedia skin care: acne, dandruff http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19962101 Lavender Flowers treats mood disturbance, restlessness, insomnia, functional abdominal anti-anxiety, improves quality and duration of sleep, anticonflict, complaints (nervous stomach irritation, nervous intestinal discomfort), mood enhancing, improves memory, antioxidant, antifungal, Lavandula officinalis colic, muscle aches and pains, colic, cystitis, dysmenorrhea (menstrual treats dysmenorrhea, treats gastrointestinal disorders Lavandula angustifolia pain), leucorrhea http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20512042 Lavandula vera skin care: acne, burns, insect bites, lice, scabies, inflamed skin http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19962288 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19258850 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19968674 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10928328 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24731891 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22821949 Lemon Balm Flowering tops anti-anxiety, treats insomnia, depression, functional abdominal anti-anxiety, antibacterial, antifungal complaints, asthma, bronchitis, colic, nausea Melissa officinalis http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18066140 skin care: eczema http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20201279 Lemon Peel (pressed) elevates mood, antiseptic, immune stimulant, anti-allergic, anxiolytic, analgesic, antidepressant-like effects, protects against antidepressant, promotes weight loss oxidative stress-induced neurodegeneration, analgesic, Citrus x limon Fruit (distilled) antibacterial, anti-candida, helps suppress weight gain, antitumor skin care: antiseptic, acne, brightens complexion, lightens dark spots http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16780969 (caution: pressed lemon is photosensitizing) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24555533 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24599102 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15366861 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24436010 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14610259 http://www.academia.edu/1097534/Influence_of_Some_Citrus_ Essential_Oils_on_Cell_Viability_Glutathione-S-Transferase_and_ Lipid_Peroxidation_in_Ehrlich_asciteCarcinoma_Cells Lemongrass Grass deodorant, insect repellent, treats athlete’s foot, excessive anti-inflammatory, antiallergic, anticonvulsant, hepatoprotective, perspiration, muscle pain, digestive complaints, headache, stress antifungal, insect repellent Cymbopogon citratus skin care: antiseptic, acne http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23583902 (caution: skin sensitizer) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24682420 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20237771 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25435631 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25242268 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8936292 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21338379 Lime Peel (pressed) promotes weight loss, antiseptic, antispasmodic, restorative, tonic promotes weight loss, antispasmodic, antioxidant, antibacterial Citrus x aurantifolia Whole fruit skin care: astringent, evens skin tone and brightens complexion http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20623616 (distilled) (caution: pressed lime is photosensitizing) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23285822 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22260108 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17134518 Mandarin Peel (pressed) anti-anxiety, antiseptic, antispasmodic, treats digestive complaints anti-proliferative, antitumor, antioxidant Citrus reticulata skin care: acne, oily, wrinkled, evens skin tone and brightens http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22943501http://www.ncb complexion, lightens scars and dark spots i.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25068058 http://www.academia.edu/1097534/Influence_of_Some_Citrus_ Essential_Oils_on_Cell_Viability_Glutathione-S-Transferase_and_ Lipid_Peroxidation_in_Ehrlich_asciteCarcinoma_Cells Marjoram Leaves & flowers calming, elevates mood, analgesic, antispasmotic, muscle relaxant, protects against oxidative stress tonic http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25312175 Origanum majorana skin care: bruising, bacterial and fungal infections Myrrh Gum resin treats oral complaints, mouth sores, toothache, bad breath, digestive antispasmodic, antimicrobial, promotes wound healing, complaints, respiratory complaints, arthritis, amenorrhea (lack of anti-proliferative (prostate cancer cells) Commiphora myrrha menstruation), dysmenorrhea (menstrual pain), hemorrhoids, religious http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25590370 practices http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22288378 skin care: mature, chapped, ringworm, itching http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22781326 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20709267 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21372825 Neroli Flowers aphrodisiac, anti-anxiety, antidepressant, antispasmodic, anti-anxiety, hypotensive, improves sleep, helps relieve anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, relieves menopause symptoms menopausal symptoms, increase libido, and reduce blood Citrus x aurantium var. amara pressure in postmenopausal women, antibacterial, antifungal, skin care: anti-aging, renews elasticity, stimulates new cell growth antioxidant, anticonvulsant, reduces labor anxiety http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23476690 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21410035 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25024731 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24163946 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25532295 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25068058 Orange, Sweet Peel (pressed) elevates mood, anti-anxiety, insecticide antitumor, antioxidant, anti-anxiety, insecticide Citrus sinensis skin care: astringent, evens skin tone and brightens complexion http://www.academia.edu/1097534/Influence_of_Some_Citrus_ Essential_Oils_on_Cell_Viability_Glutathione-S-Transferase_and_ Lipid_Peroxidation_in_Ehrlich_asciteCarcinoma_Cells http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20211673 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17598551 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20420330 Oregano Flowering tops broad spectrum antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anti-arthritic, sedative, antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant treats respiratory complaints, GI disturbance, dysmenorrhea Origanum vulgare http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25332067 (menstrual pain) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16506839 (caution: skin sensitizer) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17004909 Patchouli Leaf grounding, uplifting, antidepressant, anti-anxiety, anti-insomnia, suppresses colon inflammation, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, digestive aid, antimicrobial, meditation aid, insect repellent helps prevent photoaging of the skin Pogostemon cablin skin care: mature, wrinkled, chapped, eczema, psoriasis http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24166708 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25519986 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24250637 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24747030 Peppermint Leaves & flowers relieves spastic discomfort of the upper gastrointestinal tract and bile treats respiratory complaints, gastrointestinal complaints, ducts, irritable colon, respiratory complaints, inflammation of the antispasmodic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, promotes Mentha piperita oral mucosa, myalgia, neuralgia, nausea, colic, flatulence, headache, hair growth fatigue, anxiety, vertigo, muscle and joint pain http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20488237 skin care: antiseptic, antifungal, relieves itching http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11694755 (may sensitize skin - dilute highly, avoid applying to the face of infants http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24574705 and children) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20077307 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19473851 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8893526 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25584150 Petitgrain Leaves anti-anxiety, antidepressant, antiseptic, deodorant antioxidant, antifungal, antimicrobial, treats intestinal dysbiosis (inhibits the growth of pathogens while leaving beneficial bacteria Citrus x aurantium var. amara skin care: astringent, balancing, brightening, normalizes sebum unharmed) secretion http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24002139 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25573286 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25332067 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20030464 Pine Needles anti-infectious, expectorant, adrenal cortex stimulant, antiseptic antimicrobial, antioxidant, fungicidal Pinus sylvestris skin care: antiseptic, acne, bacterial and fungal infections http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25532297 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22757704 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21535752 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15300001 Ravensara Leaves antimicrobial, anti-allergic, analgesic, antispasmodic, antidepressant anti-allergic Ravensara aromatica skin care: bacterial and fungal infections http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23304560 Rose Flowers antidepressant, anti-stress, hormone balancing, relieves PMS and antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antitussive, hypnotic, menopause symptoms, aphrodisiac anti-diabetic, anticancer, (human lung adenocarcinoma), Rosa damascena treatment for mild memory impairments and Alzheimer's disease, skin care: anti-aging, eczema, dermatitis anti-acne http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23493250 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25561928 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25312140 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24395280 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20657472 Rosemary Leaves detoxifying, treats muscle pain, gout, rheumatism, respiratory antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, complaints, liver and gallbladder problems, fatigue, headache, colds antispasmodic, antirheumatic, anti-anxiety, spasmolytic, improves Rosmarinus officinalis and flu, insect repellent circulation, analgesic, mood enhancing, improves memory skin care: acne, dermatitis, bacterial and fungal infections http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20034774 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20120107 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19053868 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12690999 Sage Leaves respiratory complaints, digestive complaints, liver congestion, mood enhancing, improves cognition, antioxidant, hypothyroidism, gingivitis, sore throat, cough, short term memory anti-inflammatory Salvia officinalis dysfunction, hyperhydrosis (excessive sweating), menopause http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20589925 Salvia lavandulaefolia symptoms, estrogenic http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17168769 skin care: anti-aging, stimulates cell renewal, acne Sandalwood Wood stress, depression, bronchitis, laryngitis, leucorrhea, meditation aid, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-dermatitis, anti-cancer religious practices Santalum album http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24318647 skin care: sensitive, dry, chapped, mature, dermatitis, normalizes http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24294497 sebum secretion, scars, stretch marks http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24694358 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25450628 Savory Herb flatulence, colic, altitude sickness, infectious diseases antibacterial, antifungal Satureia montana skin care: bacterial and fungal infections http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4840386 (caution: skin sensitizer) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17004909 Spearmint Leaves treats digestive upsets, anti-nausea, antiseptic, antispasmodic, anti-nausea, antibacterial, significantly retards dental biofilm decongestant, soothes coughs, antibacterial, antifungal, eases muscle formation (caries treatment), antifungal, anti-inflammatory, Mentha cardiaca aches and strains antioxidant, protective effect on lung injury, antiandrogenic Mentha spicata skin care: dermatitis, itching, bacterial and fungal infections, hair loss http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23390455 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11549238 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19659716 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19136911 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14668091 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18705008 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23843810 Spruce Leaves grounding, nervous system tonic, supports adrenals, antispasmodic, antibacterial antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory Tsuga canadensis http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S09567135020 skin care: antiseptic, acne, bacterial and fungal infections 00269 Picea abies Picea mariana Star Anise Fruits soothes digestive, respiratory, and skin complaints as well as asthma, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, analgesic, mediates bronchitis and rheumatism inflammatory conditions such as psoriasis and dermatitis Illicium verum skin care: inflammatory conditions, psoriasis, dermatitis http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20008902 (caution: maximum adult dose, 50 mg. daily) http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23054333 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24404587 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23250338 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23872327 Tangerine Peel (pressed) calming, uplifting, antispasmodic antitumor, antioxidant Citrus x tangerina http://www.academia.edu/1097534/Influence_of_Some_Citrus_ Essential_Oils_on_Cell_Viability_Glutathione-S-Transferase_and_ Lipid_Peroxidation_in_Ehrlich_asciteCarcinoma_Cells Tarragon Leaves detoxifying, digestive aid, mild sedative, anti-diabetic, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-cancer treats toothache, PMS, dysmenorrhea (menstrual pain) Artemisia dracunculus http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20175108 skin care: deodorant, detoxifying http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8061594