Evan R. Goldfischer, MD, MBA, CPI, CPE Even Urologists Get Kidney Stones An Essential Guide to Kidney Stone Treatment and Prevention First published by ERG Urology in 2018 Copyright © Evan R. Goldfischer, MD, MBA, CPI, CPE, 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise without written permission from the publisher. It is illegal to copy this book, post it to a website, or distribute it by any other means without permission. First edition Editing by Tracie Gipson, Dr. John Asplin, Lorraine O'Donnell, and Amy Effron This book was professionally typeset on Reedsy Find out more at reedsy.com To Julie, Sabrina, and Gigi . . . the true loves of my life. Contents Foreword Preface My Personal Agony of the Stones Acknowledgement Why Do I Get Kidney Stones? Kidney Stones and Metabolic Syndrome What Kind of Stones Do I Have? It’s All in the Numbers Going Forward System Check Primary Doctor or Urologist? Finding a Urologist Your Medical History Initial Tests Urinalysis Blood Tests Uric Acid Test Comprehensive Metabolic Panel How Stones Are Formed What Are Your Odds? Age Genetics The Female Factor Expectant Mothers Sedentary Population Bariatric Surgery and Kidney Stones The Message in the Urine Medical Conditions The ABCs of UTIs Made of Stone Cystine Stones Struvite Stones Uric Acid Stones Calcium Stones Staghorn Calculi Stones Following Hospitalization Making a Diagnosis Symptoms of Kidney Stones Passing the Test Treating the Stones Passing the Stone Without Surgery Romancing the Stone Beer, Really? Stone Surgery Cystoscopy Minimally Invasive Surgery: Ureteroscopy Laser Technology Shock Wave Lithotripsy Minimally Invasive Surgery: Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Stone-Specific Treatment Alternative Therapies Easing the Pain with Medication Diets and Stones High Oxalate Foods The Calcium Catch Salty Stones A Cup of Joe and a Stone The Choice is Yours Preventing Calcium-based Stones Parathyroid Hormone Your Diet Orange You Eating Better? A Low-Oxalate Diet Medications Preventing Struvite Stones Your Diet Medications Preventing Uric Acid Stones Your Diet Calorie Boosters for Low-Protein Diets The pH Numbers Game Sodium Bicarbonate Dalmatians and Kidney Stones Preventing Cystine Stones Your Diet Methionine Raise Your pH Medication Follow Up Living With Stones Deciphering Truth from Quackery Tip-Offs and Rip-Offs Folk Remedies Online Medical Information Finding Support Online Support Support System Support Groups Resources Glossary About the Author Also by Evan R. Goldfischer, MD, MBA, CPI, CPE