# wm. -’,w’ o & wclFr \\w/%%4 { DAVID W. TAYLOR NAVAL SHIP l Iii? RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER O,N ~ ~oG Bethesda,Maryland 20084 EVALUATION OF VARIOUS PROPULSION ARRANGEMENTS TO IMPROVE ENERGY CONSERVATION FOR NAVAL COMBATANTS - SUMMARY REPORT Arthur M. Reed and William G. Day, Jr. DISTRIBUTION LIMITED TO U.S. GOVERNMENT AGENCIES ONLY; TEST AND EVALUATION, (JAN 1984). OTHER REQUESTS FOR THIS DOCUMENT MUST BE REFERRED TO DTNSRDC, CODE 2705. Ship Performance Department my 1984 DTNSRI)C/SPD-0829-27 ‘.* NDw-oTNsRDc5tjo2/3rl(2#fJ) h.% (S@aWdeS3960/46) MAJOR OTNSRDC ORGANIZATIONAL COMPONENTS DTNSRDC COMMANDER ~ TECHNICAL DIRECTOR 01 i i OFFICERIN-CHARGE ANNAPOLIS 04 ) --EEE&i. J!!Ez& ~ DEPARTMENT + 27 , -i-@Ed SHIP MATERIALS ENGINEERING I I DEPARTMENT 28 NOW 13TNSil DC 3960,43 (R.,, . i(l UNCLASSIFIED ECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (Whan Data +%lt.red) READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE BEFoRE COMPLETINGFoRk . REPoRT NUMBER 12.GOVT ACCESSION NO. 3. RECIPIENT’S CATALOG “~UMBEf? DTNSRDC/SPD-0829 -27 .—-— 1.TITLE (6nd .%btftle) 5. TYPE OF REPORT &PERIOO COVEqEO Evaluation of Various Propulsion Arrangements to Improve Energy Conservation for Naval Final Combatants - Summary Report 6.PERFORMINGORG. REPORT NUME;~ 1 ‘, AuTHOR(E) 6. CONTRACTOR GRAN-~I.iU-M~— Arthur M. Reed William G. Day, Jr. .— .— 1. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME ANO AOORESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMEN-:. F140JECT, i .X Ship Performance Department (Code 15) AREA& WORKUNIT NLfMSERS David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center Program Element: 63724N Bethesda, Maryland 20084 .-— 1.CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME ANO ADDRESS 12. REPoRT DATE - - Energy R&D Office (Code 2705) May 1984 David Taylor Naval Ship R&D Center 13. NIIMPF~ OF P~CF<- “- ‘—-— Annapolis, Maryland 21402 xvi + 279 ..——... . -.— 14, MONITORING AGEt4CY NAME & AOORESS(J/different from Controffhi@Of/ice) 1S. SECuRITY CLASS. I ,.,srqK,,t Unclassified ~.- 15a DECLASSIFICATIOII, VoWNGRACl},c; SCHEDULE # —. 6. OISTRI+BUTIONSTATEMENT (efthla Report) ( Distribution Limited to U.S. Government Agencies Only; Test and Evaluation (Jan 1984). Other Requests for this Document must be referred to DTNSRDC, Code 2705 ‘7. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the lbattactentered in Block 20, ft dfffetent from Report) 18. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 9. KEY WORDS(COntlrIUmonrev.sraelide If necegeuy and Identify bybfock number) Energy Conservation Propulsion Arrangements DD-963 Powering !0. ABSTRACT (Continue ranrovermelfda If twceanuy md Identffy by bfock number) over the last SiX years, 13 propulsion configurations have been evaluated on models of a 7945 tonne (7820 ton) destroyer. This report pre- sents a summary of how these 13 propulsion configurations and two other configurations , which have been assessed analytically, would perform with design propellers on a destroyer. In addition, analytical predictions have been made for nine propulsion configurations on a 3505 tonne (3450 ton) frigat~ and six propulsion configurations on a 12192 tonne (12000 ton) cruiser. The DD 1~~~~3 1473 EolTloN OF fNOV6SISOB50LETE S/N O1O2-LF.O14-66O1 SCCURITY CLASSIFICATION OF lHISPAGE (~.n Dara Inf.r~) UNCLASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data EnteredJ ;lock # 20 (Continued) Abstract result of all these predictions is that su~stantlal power reductions at a speed of 20 knots are possible on all three ship sizes, relative to controllable-pitch propeller baseline configurations. In particular, the delivered power of the destroyer could be reduced by as much as 20 percent, the power of the frigate could be reduced by as much as 12 percent, and the power of the cruiser could be reduced by as much as 15 percent. The particular propulsion configurations which show the most substantial benefits are propulsion pods with contrarotating propellers, bearing-in- rudder post with controllable-pitch or fixed-pitch propellers, and contra- rotating propellers with conventional shafts and struts. Fixed-pitch propellers provsde up to 10 percent power reduction relative to controllable-pitch propellers. Therefore, fixed-pitch propellers should be used under all circumstances where backing and stopping can be accomplished by reversing the rotation of the shafting. Ln aciditionto the performance predictions discusses above, this report discusses the technical status of these various propulsion configurations. This report also has five appendices wnich contain: the details of the models built and tested; the powering predictions based on custom stock propeller experiments with 13 models; the projected powering performance for 15 propulsion configurations with design propellers; a brief summary of the research which has been performed on podded propulsion; and a history of the bearing-in-rudder post configuration. UNWASSIFIED SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF-HIS PAGE~*nDafa gni@-@ TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF FIGURES ******se**** ************ *********.** *********,*.. iv l l l l LIST OF TABLES ..........0 .0 * * ,... x l l l l ,0 l l * l . l . . . . . l *.* l 0 l l l l l l . . l . . , NOTATION ............................................................ xvi ENGLISH - S1 EQUIVALENTS ............................................ xvi ABSTRACT .... .. ... .............. . ....... . *. . 1 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION ......0. . .. ... 1 l l l l l l l l . l . l . l l l l Ql l l l l l l l .* INTRODUCTION ........................................................ 2 RATIONALE FOR THE SELECTION OF PROPULSION CONFIGURATIONS ............ 7 EVALUATION OF PROPULSION CONFIGURATIONS ............................. 17 PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT ......................................... 17 ( RISK ASSESSMENT ................................................ 34 RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................... 43 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ..................................................... 48 APPENDIX A - DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THIRTEEN PROPULSION CONFIGURATIONS FOR WHICH MODEL EXPERIMENTS WERE PERFORMED ......................................... 49 APPENDIX B - RESULTS OF MODEL EXPERIMENTS TO CHARACTERIZE THE RESISTANCE AND PROPULSION PERFORMANCE OF A DESTROYER WITH THIRTEEN PROPULSION CONFIGURATIONS ...... 133 APPENDIX C - PROJECTED PROPULSION PERFOWCE FOR FIFTEEN PROPULSION CONFIGURATIONS ON A DESTROYER .............. 179 l APPENDIX D - BRIEF SUMMARY OF RESEARCH ON PODDED PROPULSION ......... 229 APPENDIX 1?- HISTORY OF BEARING-IN-RUDDER POST: APPLICATIONS AND EXPERIMENTS ........................................ 239 REFERENCES ... . * .. *..9.* * ... * .. .. .. 9*. 275 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l ( iii LIST OF FIGURES Page A-1.1 Appendage, Afterbody, and Propulsor Characteristics of the Parent DD-963 Configuration - Twin Shafts and Struts with Controllable-Pitch Propellers, from Tomassoni and Slager (1980) .. ...... *. **.. ..*... .*................. ** . 59 l l l l l l l l l l A-1.2 Ship and Model Data for DD-963, Model 5265-lB Representing the Parent Configuration - Twin Shafts and Struts with Controllable-Pitch Propellers ............................. 60 A-1.3 Drawing of Propellers 4660 and 4661 - DD-963 Design Controllable-Pitch Propellers ............................. 61 A-1.4 Open Water Curves for Propellers 4660 and 4661 - DD-963 Design Controllable-Pitch Propellers ...................... 62 A-1.5 Body Plan of DD-963 Hull Form (Model 5359) .*O*OOO**O ..0.0 63 l A-1.6 Stern Appendages of Parent Configuration, Twin Shafts and Struts with Controllable-Pitch Propellers - Profile and plan Views, from Tomassoni and Slager (1980) .............. 64 A-1.7 Stern Appendages of Parent Configuration, Twin Shafts and ) Struts with Controllable-Pitch Propellers - Sectional Views - Model 5359, from Tomassoni and Slager (1980) .00... 65 A-1.8 Photograph of Stern of Model 5359 Representing the DD-963 Parent Configuration with Twin Shafts and Struts and Controllable-Pitch Propellers ............................. 66 A-2.1 Appendage, Afterbody, and Propulsor Characteristics of the DD-963 Hull Fitted with Twin Pods and Contrarotating Propellers ................................................ 67 A-2.2 Open Water Curves for Contrarotating Propellers 4768 and 4839 ...............................................*.. 68 A-2.3 Open Water Curves for Contrarotating Propellers 4770 and 4838 ..............................................***. 69 A-2.4 Form and Dimensions of Twin Pods with Contrarotatlng Propellers Fitted on DD-963 Hull Form, Represented by Model 5359-lC ............................................. 70 iv Page A-2.5 Photographs of Model 5359-lC with Twin Pods and Stock Contrarotating Propellers - Stern Profile and Quarter Views ..................................................... 71 A-3.1 Appendage, Afterbody and Propulsor Characteristics of the Bearing-In-Rudder Post Configuration with Fixed-Pitch Propellers ................................................ 72 A-3.2 Open Water Curves for Propeller 4864 ...................... 73 A-3.3 Open Water Curves for Propeller 4865 74 . ..*.***.** l *.***.**. . A-3.4 Stern Appendages of the Bearing-in-Rudder Post Configuration with Fixed-Pitch Propellers - Profile View ...................................................... 75 A-3.5 Photographs of Stern of Model 5359-OA1 - Bearing-in-Rudder Post Configuration with Fixed-Pitch Propellers - Profile and Stern Quartering Views ................................ 76 A-4.1 Afterbody, Appendage, and Propulsor Characteristics of the win Shafts and Struts Contrarotating Propeller Configuration ............................................. 77 A-4.2 Open Water Curves for Contrarotating Propellers 4770 and 4838 .......................................*..*.* .... 78 l A-4.3 Open Water Curves for Contrarotating Propellers 4768 and 4839 ............*.......................*.*.**... *..* 79 l A-4.4 Stern Appendages of the Twin Shafts and Struts Contra- rotating Propeller Configuration - Profile and Plan Views, from Tomassoni and Slager (1980) ....0 O. 80 l l l l l . l l . l l l A-4.5 Stern Appendages of the Twin Shafts and Struts Contra- rotating Propeller Configuration - Sectional Views, from Tmuassoni and Slager (1980) *. ..w ... * . .. ....9 81 l l l l l l l l l l l l l l A-4.6 Photographs of Model 5359-lB TtrinShafts and Struts Contrarotating Propeller Configuration - Stern and Stern Quartering Views .......................................... 82 A-5.1 Afterbody, Appendage, and Propulsor Characteristics of the Twin Shafts and Struts Configuration with Fixed- pitch propellers, from Tomassoni and Slager (1980) ...***** 83 v Page A-5,2 - Open Water Curves for Propeller 4865 ....................... 84 A-!i.3 - Open Water Curves for Propeller 4864 85 .0.0 l l l . l . . l l l 0. l * l*O l l A-5.4 - Stern Appendages of Twin Shafts and Struts Configuration with Fixed-Pitch Propellers - Profile and Plan Views, from Tomassoni and Slager (1980) .. ..... ...... ..*... 86 l l l l l l l l A-5.5 - Stern Appendages for the Twin Shafts and Struts Configuration with Fixed-Pitch Propellers - Sectional Views, from Tomassoni and Slager (1980) .................... 87 A-5.6 - photograph of Stern of Model 5359-1 - Twin Shafts and Struts Configuration with Fixed-Pitch Propellers .................. 88 A-6.1 - Appendage, Afterbody and Propulsor Characteristics of the Bearing-in-Rudder Post Configuration with Controllable- PitchPropellers ........................................... 89 A-6.2 - Open Water Curves for Propellers 4660A and 4661A in a Deteriorated Condition ..................................... 90 A-6.3 - Stern Appendages of the Bearing-in-Rudder Post Configuration with Controllable-Pitch Propellers - Profile View .......... 91 ) A-6.4 - Photographs of Three Experimental Horn Rudders for the Bearing-in-Rudder Post Configuration with Controllable- PitchPropellers ........................................... 92 A-7.1 - Afterbody, Appendage, and Propulsor Characteristics for the Large Diameter Low Tip Clearance Fixed-Pitch Propeller Configuration, from Tomassoni and Slager (1980) ...*****..* 93 l A-7.2 - Ship and Model Data for the Large Diameter Low Tip Clearance Fixed-Pitch Propeller Configuration Represented by Model 5359-2 ............................................ 94 A-7.3 - Open Water Curves for Propellers 4751 and 4752 ... ....,, . 95 l l l A-7.4 - Comparison of Afterbody Sections of the Large Diameter Low Tip Clearance Propeller Configuration with Those of the Parent DD-963 Configuration, from Tomassonl and Slager (1980) ..**,,..*..*.******* *..,*,..*.......*** **.*. 96 l l A-7.5 - Stern Appendages of Large Diameter Low Tip Clearance Fi.xed- Pitch Propeller Configuration - Profile and Plan Views, from Tomassoni and Slager (1980) .. ...............,...,..9. 97 l vi