182 Nachr. entomol. Ver. Apollo, N. F. 24 (4): 183–188 (2003) 183 Ethmia penyagolosella sp. n. (Lepidoptera: Ethmiidae), a new species from Spain Jordi Domingo, Peter Huemer and Joaquin Baixeras Jordi Domingo & Dr. Joaquin Baixeras, Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat de València, Apartat de Correus 22085, E-46071 València, Spain; email: [email protected] Mag. Dr. Peter Huemer, Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum, Feldstrasse 11a, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Ethmia penyagolosella Domingo & Baixeras sp. una diagnosis diferencial de su especie más rela cio na da, n. (Le pi doptera, Ethmiidae) is newly described from Spain. E. chrysopygella (Kolenati, 1846). In cluyendo esta nueva The holotype male is deposited in Museo Nacional de Cien- especie, la fauna europea de étmidos totaliza 29 especies. cias Naturales (Madrid, Spain). The adult and male and La nueva especie es, al mismo tiempo, la primera cita para fe male genitalia are fi gured and a dif ferential diagnosis is la Península Ibérica del grupo de especies nigripedella, que pro vided for the close ly related spe cies, E. chrysopygella mu estra una biogeografía y un comportamiento trófi co in ter- (Ko le na ti, 1846). In clud ing this new spe cies, the European esantes entre los étmidos. eth miid fauna now totals 29 species. The new species is also the fi rst record in the Iber ian Pen in sula for the nigripedella Introduction spe cies-group that shows an inter est ing trophic and bio geo- gra ph ical behaviour with in the eth miids. The taxonomic position of the Ethmiidae in the super fa- mily Gelechioidea is rather controversial. Some authors, Ethmia penyagolosella sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Ethmiidae), such as Minet (1990), Leraut (1997) or Hodges (1998), eine neue Art aus Spanien con sider it to be an Elachistidae subfamily whereas Zusammenfassung: Ethmia penyagolosella Domingo & Bai- others such as Sattler (1967), Vives Moreno (1994), Bal- xe ras sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Ethmiidae) wird aus Spanien dizzone et al. (1995), Riedl (1996), Powell et al. (1998) be schrie ben. Imago sowie männliche und weibliche Geni- and Aarvik et al. (2000) elevate it to family level. In any talien wer den abgebildet, und eine Differentialdiagnose zur nächst ver wandten Art, E. chrysopygella (Kolenati, 1846), case, 250 species are included in this micro le pi do pterous wird gegeben. Der männliche Holotypus befi ndet sich im group most of which are placed in the genus Eth mia Mu seo Nacional de Cien cias Naturales (Madrid, Spanien). Hübner, [1819]. The highest biodiversity of this family Ein schließlich der neu en Art umfaßt die eu ro päische Fauna is found in subtropical and tropical regions that have nun mehr 29 Spe zies. Die neue Art ist der Erst nachweis ei nes slightly dry periods during the year (Hodges 1998). Vertreters der tro phisch und bio geo gra phisch besonders in teressanten ni gri pedella-Artengruppe für die Iberische In Europe, 27 species had been recorded until recently Halb insel. (Riedl 1996), all of them included in the genus Ethmia and separated into 13 species-groups. Externally, eth- Ethmia penyagolosella sp. n. (Lepidoptera, Ethmiidae), mi ids are dis tinc tive species of Microlepidoptera; con- una nueva especie de España se quent ly, they are quite well known with regard to Resumen: Ethmia penyagolosella Domingo & Baixeras sp. their ta xonomy (Satt ler 1967). To fi nd new species in n. (Le pi doptera, Ethmiidae) se describe por primera vez de Eu rope is very rare, and we only know of one taxon being Espa ña. El holotipo se deposita en el Museo Nacional de Cien- cias Naturales (Madrid, España). Se representan los adul tos de scribed from this area during the last decades (Kars- y las genitalias masculina y femenina, y se pro por cio na holt & Kun 2003). 1 3 Figs. 1–2: Ethmia spp., adults. Fig. 1: E. penyagolosella sp. n. (holotype) ♂. Fig. 2: E. chrysopygella ([Austria], Teriol. sept., Fin ster münz, 1200 m, 10. vi. 2 1977, Burmann). Fig. 3: The peak of Penyagolosa mountain, the biotope of E. penyagolosella sp. n. © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 184 185 Depositories are abbreviated as follows: lus unevenly rounded, broadest in distal part; aedeagus ICBBE Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva. Uni- small, strongly curved, without cornutus. versitat de València (València, Spain). Female genitalia (Figs. 12–13, 16, 18): Papillae anales MNCN Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (Madrid, Spain). sclerotized, large, about length of segment VIII; apo- NHM Naturhistorisches Museum (Vienna, Austria). physes posteriores slightly longer than papillae anales; TLMF Tiroler Landesmuseum Ferdinandeum (Innsbruck, segment VIII short, medially largely membranous, later- Austria). ally strongly sclerotized; apophyses anteriores largely Ethmia penyagolosella Domingo & Baixeras sp. n. reduced lobes; antrum extremely long, entrance with Holotype: ♂, [Spain], “Penyagolosa, Castellón, 23. v. 2002, J. spiny plate; corpus bursae well separated from antrum, Domingo” (coll. MNCN). suboval, with accessory bursa; signum a spiny plate, Paratypes (2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, all Spain): 2 ♂♂, same data as holo- subrhombic, one transverse median ridge strongly deve- type; 1 ♀, idem, but 26. v. 2001; 2 ♀♀, idem, but 20. vi. 2002 loped, the other less sclerotized. (colls. ICBBE, MNCN, TLMF). — Including 2 ♂ and 2 ♀ Bionomics: Immature stages and host-plant are genitalia slides. unknown. Closely related species included in the nigripe- Etymology: The species is named after the type locality, Pen- della species-group feed on Thalictrum species (Ranuncu- yagolosa mountain, 1814 m (Castellón, eastern Spain). laceae), such as T. minus Linnaeus 1753 (Thomann 1923) Comparative material examined: E. chrysopygella: Austria: and T. foetidum Linnaeus 1753 (Lhomme 1949). Two Tha- 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Tirol, Finstermünz, 1200 m, 10. vi. 1977, leg. Burmann; 1 ♂, Tirol, Längenfeld, 1200 m, 6. vii. 1984, leg. lictrum species are present in the study area and could Burmann; 2 ♂♂, Serfaus, Argenweg, 1400 m, 9. vii. 1983, be the host-plants: T. minus subsp. valentinum De Bolòs leg. Süssner; 1 ♂, idem, but 4. vii. 1983 (coll. TLMF). — Swit- & Vigo 1974 and T. flavum subsp. costae (Timb.-Lagr. ex zerland: 1 ♂, Graubünden, Bergün, 6. vi. 1915, leg. Thomann Debeaux) Rouy & Fouc 1893 (Vigo 1968, Serra et al. (coll. TLMF); 1 ♂, idem, but 1873, leg. Zeller (coll. NHM). — 2000). Adults were collected by day with a net on the Russia: 1 ♂, Krasnoarmeysk (“Sarepta”), 1869 (coll. NHM). summit of Penyagolosa peak (1814 m). Only one flight — Including 3 ♂, 1 ♀ genitalia slides. period is known, from the end of May to late June. Diagnosis Habitat: The adults inhabit the east face of Penyago- Adult (Fig. 1): Head and labial palpi black. Legs black losa peak with slopes varying from 30–45° (Fig. 3). The in both sexes, completely lacking yellowish-orange. habitat of E. penyagolosella is just above the tree line Forewing, wingspan: ♂, 16.0–17.5 mm (n = 3); ♀, 15.5– (formed by Pinus sylvestris Linnaeus 1753 and P. nigra subsp. salzmanii (Dunal) Franco 1943) and is covered 18.0 mm (n = 3); forewing upperside black, rarely with by chamaephytic vegetation that is adapted to strong few dark brown scales, particularly at tornus; three deep winds and high altitude Mediterranean weather. The black dots: two in fold at 1⁄4 and 1/ , one at distal end of 3 main cover plants in this habitat are Juniperus sabina cell. Hindwing upperside black but less densely scaled Linnaeus 1753 and Erinacea anthyllis Link 1831 that than forewing and, as a consequence, lighter in general have adaptations to low temperatures and provide a safe appearance. Abdomen: first segments black in both resting place for E. penyagolosella. When disturbed the sexes; ♂, tergite VII (occasionally VI) yellowish-orange adults make short flights just above the chamaephytic (short scales), tergite VIII and external parts of genitalia vegetation. yellowish-orange (long scales); ♀, sternite and tergites Remarks: E. penyagolosella sp. n. belongs to the nigri- V–VII yellowish-orange. Abdominal sternum II with a pedella-group as defined by Sattler (1967). It differs pair of short, broad venulae, without apodemes. from most species by the presence of only three black Male genitalia (terminology after Sattler 1967, Figs. dots on the forewing, the lack of black tornal dots and 4–5, 8, 10): Uncus broad, with pair of ear-like distal pro- the absence of black thoracic spots. The genitalia sug- jections, deeply separated medially; gnathos caudally gest a close relationship to E. chrysopygella (Kolenati, with strong teeth, orally finely dentate; labis broadly 1846) (compare Figs. 1–2, 3–19), from which the new rounded; costa well separated, distally rounded; cucullus species may be distinguished by a number of characters short, broadly rounded at base, apical part pointed; saccu- (Table 1): E. penyagolosella sp. n. is characterized by the Table 1: Differential diagnosis of E. penyagolosella sp. n. and E. chrysopygella. Important diagnostic characters E. penyagolosella sp. n. E. chrysopygella Forewing colour black dark grey Abdomen (male) tergites VII–VIII and sternites V–VIII yellowish-orange tergite VIII and sternite VIII yellowish-orange Abdomen (female) segments V–VII yellowish-orange segment VII yellowish-orange Hindleg black distal half of tibia, tarsus 1 and partially tarsus 2 yellowish-orange Abdominal sternum II short, broad venulae; no apodemes short, narrow venulae; short apodemes Sacculus unevenly rounded evenly rounded Papillae anales length of segment VIII longer than segment VIII Signum subrhombic suboval © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 184 185 Table 2: The European ethmiid fauna and its host-plant preferences. extended yellowish-orange part of the abdomen and the completely black hindlegs that are distally suffused with European ethmiid species Host-plants records yellowish-orange- in E. chrysopygella. As in the entire spe- (distigmatella group) cies-group, the genitalia structures of both taxa are quite E. distigmatella (Erschoff, 1874) ? similar. However, E. penyagolosella sp. n. has a slightly E. quadrinotella Mann, 1861 Boraginaceae: Heliotropium shorter and broader labis and a stouter shape of the sac- culus that is unevenly rounded; furthermore, the caudal (lybiella group) part of the gnathos is more densely covered with spines. E. lepidella (Chrétien, 1907) Boraginaceae: Echium, The female genitalia of the new species differ from those Anchusa of E. chrysopygella by the longer segment VIII and the (vittalbella group) subrhombic signum. E. vittalbella Christoph, 1877 ? (dodecea group) Discussion E. dodecea (Haworth, [1828]) Boraginaceae: Lithospermum, About 80% of known ethmiids feed on Boraginales Cynoglossum (Powell 1973, Powell et al. 1998) that includes the fami- E. quadrillella (Goeze, 1783) Boraginaceae: Symphytum, Pulmonaria, Lithospermum, lies Boraginaceae, Ehretiaceae and Hydrophyllaceae. The Myosotis two last-mentioned plant families are not represented in E. fumidella (Wocke, 1850) ? Europe, therefore most of the European ethmiids are restricted to Boraginaceae. In Europe a few species also E. candidella (Alphéraky, 1908) Boraginaceae: Lithospermum, Cerinthe, Borago, Asperugo, feed on Ranunculaceae (Sattler 1967). Hodges (1998) Pulmonaria includes other families such as Papaveraceae, Rosaceae, E. pusiella (Linnaeus, 1758) Boraginaceae: Lithospermum, Sabiaceae and Scrophulariaceae as host-plants, but those Pulmonaria records are only valid for tropical and subtropical spe- (rothschildi group) cies. Some other records lacking authenticity with this E. rothschildi (Rebel, 1912) ? trophic pattern are compiled by Sattler (1967). Host- (terminella group) plant incongruities are common in taxonomic revisions (e.g., Sattler 1967, Pitkin 1984, Huemer & Karsholt E. terminella T. Fletcher, 1938 Boraginaceae: Echium 1999). Old records, botanical nomenclature changes and (aurifluella group) incorrect plant identification are probably the reasons E. aurifluella (Hübner, [1810]) Boraginaceae: Anchusa for such erroneous data. In the case of ethmiids, host- E. lugubris (Staudinger, 1879) Boraginaceae: Symphytum plant records and trophic behaviour observations are E. quadripunctella Eversmann, 1844 ? limited and scarce. (pyrausta group) Trophic preferences in the European ethmiids are shown E. pyrausta (Pallas, 1771) Ranunculaceae: Thalictrum in Table 2. As shown for other microlepidopterous E. discrepitella Rebel, 1901 ? groups, taxonomic division is corroborated by trophic (bipunctella group) preferences. While most of the species feed on Bora- ginaceae, some species-groups feed on Ranunculaceae, E. bipunctella (Fabricius, 1775) Boraginaceae: Echium, Symphytum, Cynoglossum, specifically on high mountain Thalictrum species. No Anchusa, Lithospermum host-plant records are known for E. penyagolosella but E. iranella ZERNY, 1940 ? the species included in the nigripedella species-group, E. mariannae Karsholt & Kun, 2003 ? such as E. chrysopygella and E. flavianella (Treitschke, 1832), are known to feed on those high-altitude plants E. cirrhocnemia Lederer, 1870 ? and show an interesting biogeographical pattern as they (chrysopyga group) are isolated in the highest Palaearctic mountain systems. E. chrysopyga (Zeller, 1844) ? Only one additional group, the pyrausta species-group, E. andalusica (Staudinger, 1879) ? shares this scheme. In both cases, trophic and biogeogra- (haemorrhoidella group) phical patterns are also corroborated by a dark wing and E. haemorrhoidella (Eversmann, 1844) ? body habitus in the adults and a diurnal flight acitvity, (nigripedella group) as in most high-altitude species; while most of the Bora- ginaceae-feeding ethmiids occur at lower altitudes, are E. nigripedella Erschoff, 1877 ? nocturnal and have lighter wing patterns. Nevertheless, E. chrysopygella (Kolenati, 1846) Ranunculaceae: Thalictrum further knowledge of trophic behaviour and latitudinal E. nigrimaculata Sattler, 1967 ? and altitudinal distribution of Palaearctic ethmiids is E. flavianella (Treitschke, 1832) Ranunculaceae: Thalictrum needed to confirm such an ecological hypothesis. E. penyagolosella sp. n. ? Feeding on Boraginaceae or Ranunculaceae is not a (tripunctella group) common pattern among Lepidoptera and only a few spe- E. tripunctella Staudinger, 1879 Boraginaceae: Onosma cies feed on these plant families. Feeding on both plant © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 186 187 5 4 7 6 10 8 9 11 Figs. 4–11: Ethmia spp., male genitalia. Figs. 4–5: E. penyagolosella sp. n. Figs. 6–7: E. chrysopygella. Figs. 8–9: Ethmia spp., male genitalia (valva). Fig. 8: E. penyagolosella sp. n. Fig. 9: E. chrysopygella. Figs. 10–11: Ethmia spp., male abdomen (segments I–III). Fig. 10: E. penyagolosella sp. n. Fig. 11: E. chrysopygella. © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 186 187 13 12 15 14 17 16 18 19 Figs. 12–19: Ethmia spp., female genitalia. Figs. 12–13: E. penyagolosella sp. n. Figs. 14–15: E. chrysopygella. Figs. 16–17: Ethmia spp., female genitalia (segment VII). Fig. 16: E. penyagolosella sp. n. Fig. 17: E. chrysopygella. Figs. 18–19: Ethmia spp., female genitalia (signum). Fig. 18: E. penyagolosella sp. n. Fig. 19: E. chrysopygella. families, as in the Ethmiidae, is ex cep tion al. No phylo- pa cher, 1783) and E. bellieri (Kirby, 1900)) and others on genetic relationship is known between Bora gi naceae Bo ra ginaceae (E. mo de stoi des Poole, 1989 and E. con so na and the tribe Ranunculeae (where Thalictrum spe cies (Fabricius, 1787)). are placed), nor phytochemical convergences, but this High-altitude ethmiids feeding on Thalictrum could be tro phic pattern is also recorded in the genus Eu chal cia an appropriate group to bring some light on specia- Hüb ner, 1821 („1816“) (Noc tuidae), with some spe cies tion pro cesses in high mountain Microlepidoptera. The feed ing on Ra nun cu la ceae (E. variabilis (Piller & Mit ter- de scrip tion of a new, probably endemic Ethmia from east- © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main 188 189 ern Spain is therefore most interesting, the more so as it Huemer, P., & Karsholt, O. (1999): Gelechiidae I (Gelechinae: shows a close relationship to E. chrysopygella, a species Teleiodini, Gelechiini). — In: Huemer, P., Karsholt, O., & Lyneborg, L. (eds.), Microlepidoptera of Europe, vol. 3. from the xeromontane regions of central Europe (Alps), — Stenstrup (Apollo Books), 356 pp. southern Russia and Azerbaijan. Most likely, long glacial Karsholt, O., & Kun, A. (2003): A new species of Ethmia Hübner, and postglacial isolation processes have resulted in the 1819 from the Greek island of Rhodes (Ethmiidae). — Nota splitting into two species, as already known in many lepidopterologica 25 (4): 207–212. other groups. Unfortunately, the ethmiids are not well ——— & Razowski, J. (eds.) (1996): The Lepidoptera of Europe. A known in southern Europe, and many Iberian mountain distributional checklist. — Stenstrup (Apollo Books), 380 systems still remain unexplored. Prospection of potential pp. contact areas between both species in northern Spain Leraut, P. J. A. (1997): Liste systématique et synonymique des lépi- (especially in the Pyrenees) and other eastern Mediterra- doptères de France, Belgique et Corse (deuxième edition). nean refugia would be of much biogeographical interest. — Supplément à Alexanor, Paris, 526 pp. Lhomme, L. (1949): Catalogue des lépidoptères de France et Acknowledgments Belgique, 2e partie Microlepidoptera. — Douelle (Lot), pp. 649–808. We are especially indebted to Sergio Montagud with Minet, J. (1990): Remaniement partiel de la classification des whom we shared many sampling hours on the slopes Gelechioidea, essentiellement en fonction de caractères of Penyagolosa mountain. With Martí Domínguez we pré-imaginaux (Lepidoptera, Ditrysia). — Alexanor, Paris, also collected the first specimens of E. penyagolosella. 16: 239–255. Although we failed in our attempt, Olga Mayoral helped Pitkin, L. M. (1984): Gelechiid moths of the genus Mirificarma. us to look for the larvae. We also express our gratitude — Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Ento- to Dr. Klaus Sattler (The Natural History Museum, mology series) 48 (1): 1–70. London, U.K.) who kindly checked the specimens and Powell, J. A. (1973): A systematic monograph of New World eth- slides and to Mag. Susanne Randolf (Naturhistorisches miid moths (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea). — Smithsonian Con- Museum, Vienna, Austria) for the loan of specimens. We tributons to Zoology 120: 1–302. also express our gratitude to Carolina Martín and Isabel ———, Mitter, C., & Farrell, B. (1998): Evolution of larval food pre- Izquierdo (MNCN) for their help with the deposition of ferences. — Pp. 403–422 in: Kristensen, N. P. (ed.), Lepido- type material and to Wolfgang A. Nässig (Forschungsin- ptera, moths and butterflies, vol. 1: Evolution, systematics stitut Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, Germany) and and biogeography. (“Handbook of zoology”, vol. 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(1998): The Gelechioidea. — Pp. 131–158 in: Kristen- los lepidópteros de la Península Ibérica y Baleares (Insecta: sen, N. P. (ed.), Lepidoptera, moths and butterflies, vol. 1: Lepidoptera). — Madrid (Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Evolution, systematics and biogeography. (“Handbook of Alimentación), 775 pp. zoology”, vol. IV, part 35.) — Berlin, New York (W. de Gruy- ter). Received: 30. vi. 2003 © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main, Dezember 2003 ISSN 0723-9912 © Entomologischer Verein Apollo e. V., Frankfurt am Main