FINAL REPORT FOR NJDCA REVIEW FINAL DRAFT FOR NJDCA REVIEW 8/27/2014 ESSEX COUNTY S R P R TRATEGIC ECOVERY LANNING EPORT NEW JERSEY This report was prepared with a grant from the NJ Department of Community Affairs Post Sandy Recovery Planning Assistance Program Cover Photo by Jerry McCrea/ The Star-Ledger – 11-1-12 Draft- Post Sandy Strategic Recovery Planning Report– Essex County, New Jersey 0 Public Outreach: Layton Consulting, LLC August 2014 Consensus Facilitation: Maverick & Boutique Strategic Recovery Planning Report Table of Contents PURPOSE ............................................................................................................................................................... 2 IMPACT AND NEEDS ASSESSMENT ......................................................................................................................... 3 COUNTY PROFILE ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 Overview ............................................................................................................................................................................ 3 Strengths ............................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Weaknesses ........................................................................................................................................................................ 9 Opportunities ..................................................................................................................................................................... 9 Threats ............................................................................................................................................................................. 10 Flood, Storm Surge, Sea Level Rise, Climate Change Overview ........................................................................... 13 Climate Change Impacts ................................................................................................................................................... 19 Impact Assessment ............................................................................................................................................. 20 Vulnerability ........................................................................................................................................................ 34 Vulnerability of Residential Land Uses ............................................................................................................................. 42 Vulnerability of Non-residential Land Uses ...................................................................................................................... 46 STRATEGIC RECOVERY ACTION PLAN ................................................................................................................... 49 BACKGROUND DOCUMENTS ........................................................................................................................................... 49 Land Subdivision and Site Plan Resolutions ..................................................................................................................... 53 IDENTIFICATION OF PROJECTS ......................................................................................................................................... 54 Stakeholder Recommendations .......................................................................................................................... 62 Hazard Mitigation ............................................................................................................................................... 64 Preparedness (see Table 23) .............................................................................................................................. 64 APPENDIX ............................................................................................................................................................ 67 Draft -Post Sandy Strategic Recovery Planning Report– Essex County, New Jersey August 2014 Purpose Purpose The New Jersey Department of Community Affairs (NJDCA) has established a Post Sandy Planning Assistance Grant Program. The purpose of this program is to support long range planning for community redevelopment in the municipalities and counties sustaining damage from Superstorm Sandy. The Program provides grants to municipalities and counties to hire American Institute of Certified Planners/New Jersey Board of Professional Planners (AICP/PP) licensed planners to address conditions created or exacerbated by the storm, identify approaches to rebuilding that will be more resistant to damage from future storm events, and encourage sustainable economic growth. The first step in the grant process is the preparation of a Strategic Recovery Planning Report (SRPR). A SRPR must be completed for municipalities and counties to be eligible for additional Post Sandy planning assistance. The purpose of the SRPR is to evaluate the impacts of the disaster on relevant community features. The evaluation can be broad or narrow but should focus on planning goals, strategies, and priorities leading to actions that are most urgently needed for public safety and economic recovery. The SRPR should serve as a guide for actions to be taken going forward not only to recover from the effects of Superstorm Sandy but also to reduce vulnerabilities to future disasters. The following document serves as the SRPR for Essex County, NJ. This Strategic Recovery Planning Report was closely coordinated with the Essex County Hazard Mitigation Plan (HMP) Update, currently being undertaken by Tetra Tech, Inc., under the direction of the Essex County Sherriff’s office and its Office of Emergency Management. The Mission Statement of the HMP Update is: “Mission Statement Through partnerships and strategic planning, identify and reduce the vulnerability to hazards in order to protect the health, safety, quality of life, environment, and economy of the communities within Essex County.” The HMP informational brochure posted on the Essex County Sherriff’s Department website describes the County’s focus as: “The primary hazards of concern in Essex County include Flooding, Drought, and Severe Weather events such as Tornadoes, Hurricanes and Winter Storms. The plan will focus on existing and future buildings, infrastructure, and critical facilities that might be impacted. Critical facilities include police, fire, EMS, hospitals and shelters as well as infrastructure such as power-generation facilities, water utilities, roadways, railroads, and communication systems.” Draft- Post Sandy Strategic Recovery Planning Report– Essex County, New Jersey August 2014 Strategic Recovery Planning Report Impact and Needs Assessment The first step in developing a strategic action plan for Post Disaster Recovery is to assess the impact of Superstorm Sandy on the County of Essex and to identify specific needs for long term recovery that can be translated into specific types of projects (planning, infrastructure, mitigation & preparedness). The County Profile that follows takes the a form of a Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) analysis as it relates to long term recovery from the impact of Superstorm Sandy. County Profile Overview Essex County is located in the northeast portion of New Jersey bordered by Passaic County to the north, Bergen and Hudson County to the east, Union County to the south and Morris County to the west (see Figure 2). Essex County is part of the New York metropolitan area and is the second densest county, behind Hudson County, in New Jersey. Essex County includes the City of Newark, the largest municipality within the state in population. The Borough of Caldwell is the smallest municipality in terms of land area, and Essex Fells has the lowest population in the County. Generally, the eastern portion of the county is more urban and less affluent as compared to the more suburban western portion of the county. Newark Liberty International Airport is located in the southeast portion of the county (Figure 4) and is one of the three New York metropolitan airports, LaGuardia and JFK International Airport, operated by the Port Authority of New York & New Jersey (the Port Authority). Additionally, the Port Authority operates the Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal in the county, the largest port facility on the East Coast and third largest nationally (Figure 4). The Port Newark-Elizabeth Marine Terminal is located on the Newark Bay and serves as the principal container ship facility for goods entering and leaving the New York-New Jersey metropolitan area.1 Most of Essex County is highly developed. According to the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection’s 2007 land use data, approximately 75% of the County is considered urban. The Essex County land uses are shown in Figure 3. While the County is highly urbanized, most of the area actually exists as residential land uses. According to the 2014 County’s Tax Data, the county is approximately 40% residential. Approximately 10 % of the County is commercial. The land uses based on occupancy class data are shown in Figure 4. The 2010 Census cited Essex County with a population of 783,969, which is approximately 9% of the statewide population. It is the third most populous county in the State of New Jersey. The largest municipal populations are in Newark, East Orange, Irvington and Bloomfield. Overall, the population density in the county is 6,211 persons per square mile, as compared to the statewide population density of 1,195 persons per square mile.2 The 2010 population distribution is shown on Figure 1. 1 Essex County Comprehensive Transportation Plan, 2013, Executive Summary, page 1. 2 IBID, page 13. Draft -Post Sandy Strategic Recovery Planning Report– Essex County, New Jersey August 2014 Impact and Needs Assessment Table 1. Essex County Population Statistics U.S. Census 2010 U.S. Census 2000* Low- % Low- Pop. % Pop. Percent Income Income Pop. Municipality Total 65+ 65+ Total Pop. 65+ Pop. 65+ Pop.* of Total Township of Belleville 35,926 4,263 11.9 35,928 4,806 13.4 2,939 8.2 Township of Bloomfield 47,315 5,665 12.0 47,683 6,827 14.3 2,772 5.9 Borough of Caldwell 7,822 1,257 16.1 7,584 1,350 17.8 347 4.8 Township of Cedar Grove 12,411 2,947 23.7 12,300 2,766 22.5 230 2 City of East Orange 64,270 7,572 11.8 69,824 7,845 11.2 13,159 19.2 Borough of Essex Fells 2,113 341 16.1 2,162 318 14.7 23 1.1 Township of Fairfield 7,466 1,528 20.5 7,063 1,065 15.1 195 2.8 Borough of Glen Ridge 7,527 718 9.5 7,271 757 10.4 219 3 Township of Irvington 53,926 4,829 9.0 60,695 4,576 7.5 10,420 17.4 Township of Livingston 29,366 4,942 16.8 27,391 4,221 15.4 480 1.8 Township of Maplewood 23,867 2,623 11.0 23,868 2,890 12.1 1,049 4.4 Township of Millburn 20,149 2,275 11.3 19,765 2,581 13.1 288 1.5 Township of Montclair 37,669 4,266 11.3 38,977 4,665 12.0 2,149 5.6 City of Newark 277,140 23,699 8.6 273,546 25,306 9.3 74,263 28.4 Borough of North Caldwell 6,183 870 14.1 7,375 801 10.9 75 1.2 Township of Nutley 28,370 4,115 14.5 27,362 4,402 16.1 1,312 4.8 City of Orange Township 30,134 3,364 11.2 32,868 3,562 10.8 6,078 18.8 Borough of Roseland 5,819 1,282 22.0 5,298 1,044 19.7 88 1.7 South Orange Village 16,198 1,705 10.5 16,964 2,024 11.9 791 5.3 Township of Verona 13,332 2,570 19.3 13,533 2,614 19.3 441 3.3 Township of West Caldwell 10,759 2,094 19.5 11,233 2,142 19.1 227 2.1 Township of West Orange 46,207 7,362 15.9 44,943 7,818 17.4 2,461 5.6 Essex County (TOTAL) 783,969 90,287 11.5 793,633 94,380 11.9 120,006 15.6 Source: Census 2010 (U.S. Census Bureau); HAZUS-MH (for 2000 U.S. Census data) Note: Pop. = population * Individuals below poverty level (Census poverty threshold for a 3-person family unit is approximately $15,000) Most of Essex County residents work in Essex County. In 2011 estimates from the US Census indicate that 52% of residents work in Essex County, 35% work in other New Jersey Counties, and 13% work outside New Jersey. Outside of Newark, employment in the county is clustered along Bloomfield Avenue, in established local commercial centers such as Glen Ridge, Montclair, Verona, and in the Fairfield/West Caldwell industrial area. There are other pockets of employment in West Orange, Roseland, Livingston, and along JFK Parkway in Millburn.3 Major state roadways include the Garden State Parkway which bisects the county and provides access to New Jersey shore destinations to the south and the New York Thruway to the north. I-280 provides access across the county. I-280, which is approximately 18 miles long, is a spur from I-80 in Parsippany- Troy Hills, Morris County to Newark, and I-95 (the New Jersey Turnpike) in Kearny. I-80 crosses the northwest corner of the County and I-78 crosses the southeast corner of the county. In addition to these major roadways, numerous state routes and county routes are present throughout the County (Figure 2).4 3 IBID, page 10. 4 Essex County Comprehensive Transportation Plan , 2013, page 15. Draft- Post Sandy Strategic Recovery Planning Report– Essex County, New Jersey August 2014 Strategic Recovery Planning Report Figure 1. Distribution of General Population for Essex County, New Jersey Source: U.S. Census 2010 Draft -Post Sandy Strategic Recovery Planning Report– Essex County, New Jersey August 2014 Impact and Needs Assessment Figure 2. Overview Essex County, New Jersey Source:NJGIN Draft- Post Sandy Strategic Recovery Planning Report– Essex County, New Jersey August 2014 Strategic Recovery Planning Report Figure 3. NJDEP Land Use for Essex County, New Jersey Source: NJDEP 2007 Draft -Post Sandy Strategic Recovery Planning Report– Essex County, New Jersey August 2014 Impact and Needs Assessment Figure 4. Land Use Based on Occupancy Class for Essex County, New Jersey Source: EC planning 2014 Draft- Post Sandy Strategic Recovery Planning Report– Essex County, New Jersey August 2014 Strategic Recovery Planning Report Strengths The County has a number of strengths that set it apart from other New Jersey counties: Home of New Jersey’s largest city, Newark, which hosts one of the largest port facilities in the United States, as well as the only international airport (Newark Liberty) in New Jersey. Newark is home to Rutgers, NJIT, Essex County College, Seton Hall Law School and corporate headquarters to Prudential Insurance, PSE&G, as well as the County Seat. Newark is also a cultural and entertainment hub, home to Newark Symphony Hall, the NJPAC and the Prudential Center. Essex County is rich in educational resources, with many of its towns hosting colleges or universities such as: o Seton Hall University (Newark, South Orange) o Montclair State University (Montclair) o Bloomfield College (Bloomfield) o Caldwell College (Caldwell) o Gibbs College (Livingston) Essex County has approximately 26 miles of railroad track and 21 railroad stations, including Newark Penn Station which is also a hub for Amtrak service. There are five NJ TRANSIT commuter lines that travel through Essex County. These railroad lines primarily serve commuters to the City of Newark and New York City. Additionally, they also enable “reverse commuting” from these urban areas to outlying suburban locations.5 Weaknesses While having the state’s largest city as an employment and transportation hub is a strength for Essex County, there are weaknesses that Superstorm Sandy exposed which are also linked to Newark: Most of the County’s road network leads to downtown Newark like the spokes of a wheel. However portions of the downtown and most of the City’s industrial areas around the port and Newark Liberty International Airport are now in a flood hazard area (Figures 10 Figure 5. This photo from an article in the Star Ledger shows and 11). shipping containers in Port Newark that were blown over by winds from Superstorm Sandy. Photo Courtesy of the Port Along with the transportation and Authority of NY and NJ. shipping infrastructure being vulnerable to storm events such as Sandy, the rail and power infrastructure is also vulnerable in its concentration in areas that are now considered flood hazard areas. Opportunities The experience gained by the County and its municipalities in dealing with the impacts from Sandy’s surge and wind, as well as the flooding from rivers such as the Passaic in the northern Essex towns like Fairfield and Millburn and the Third River in Bloomfield and Montclair during Irene and Sandy are being 5 IBID, page 17. Draft -Post Sandy Strategic Recovery Planning Report– Essex County, New Jersey August 2014