ESSENTIAL SKILLS IN Arabic From Intermediate to Advanced EL MUSTAPHA LAHLALI AND RADIA KESSEIRI Essential Skills in Arabic From Intermediate to Advanced El Mustapha Lahlali Radia Kesseiri Edinburgh University Press is one of the leading university presses in the UK. We publish academic books and journals in our selected subject areas across the humanities and social sciences, combining cutting-edge scholarship with high editorial and production values to produce academic works of lasting importance. For more information visit our website: edinburghuniversitypress.com © El Mustapha Lahlali and Radia Kesseiri, 2018 Edinburgh University Press Ltd The Tun – Holyrood Road, 12(2f) Jackson’s Entry, Edinburgh EH8 8PJ Typeset in Myriad Arabic by Servis Filmsetting Ltd, Stockport, Cheshire, and printed and bound in Great Britain. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 4744 0149 4 (hardback) ISBN 978 1 4744 0151 7 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 1 4744 0150 0 (paperback) ISBN 978 1 4744 0152 4 (epub) The right of El Mustapha Lahlali and Radia Kesseiri to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, and the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 (SI No. 2498). Contents Acknowledgements iii Introduction vi Map of the Book ix Key to Symbols x أ Module 1: Culture and Society عمتجملاو ةفاقثّ لا :لولا لصفلا Unit 1 ساف ةنيدم 2 ش Unit 2 ةيسفنلا تادايعلا وحن عافدنا مأ عقاولا نم بوره :ءا�لا سوه 13 أ ت Unit 3 ندرلا ءا�ب :ةيدرولا ةنيدملا 25 Consolidation Exercises 30 ن Module 2: The Environment طيحملا و ةئيبلا :�اثلا لصفلا ي أ Unit 4 ةيضرلا ةركلا 36 Unit 5 �يبكلا ديلجلا صرع 45 ن Unit 6 �يكا�بلا 54 Consolidation Exercises 59 ت Module 3: Education ميلعتّ لاو ةيب�ّ لا :ثلاثلا لصفلا ن Unit 7 ةيباجيإ ملعملاو بلاطلا �يب ةقلاعلا نوكت فيك 66 ن Unit 8 ةيلبقتسملا لولحلاو قئاوعلا :�ي برعلا نطولا �ي لي اعلا ميلعتلا عقاو 75 ن Unit 9 �يغتم ملاع �ي ميلعتلا لبقتسم 85 Consolidation Exercises 89 Module 4: Global Issues ةيلود اياضق :عبارلا لصفلا آ Unit 10 توملاو مللا بوردو نويروسلا نوئجلالا 98 أ Unit 11 �ي بورولا داحتلا ايناطيرب ةرداغم بابسأ هذه 106 أ ش ن Unit 12 طسولا ق�لا � ةيداصتقلا دراوملا لبقتسمو ةيبرعلا تاروثلا 113 ي ّ Consolidation Exercises 117 iv Contents Module 5: Media :سماخلا لصفلا and Communication لاصّتلاو ملاعلإ ا Unit 13 يعامتجلا لصاوتلا صقاونو دئاوف 122 Unit 14 ةملوعلاو ملاعلإ ا 130 ت Unit 15 ةيملاعلإ ا ةيب�لا 138 Consolidation Exercises 142 Module 6: Economy :سداسلا لصفلا and Development ةيمنتّ لاو داصتقلا أ Unit 16 اهتايعادتو اهبابسأ ... ةيملاعلا ةيلاملا ةمزلا 150 Unit 17 اهتجلاعم بيلاسأ ... اهعاونأ ... اهموهفم ةلاطبلا 161 Unit 18 ؟طفنلا ضافخنا رمتسي له 171 Consolidation Exercises 179 Module 7: Sports ةضايرلا :عباسلا لصفلا ّ Unit 19 ةيسفنلا ةحصلاو ديدملا رمعلا حاتفم ... ةضايرلا 182 Unit 20 ملاسلاو ةيمنتلا لجأ نم ةضايرلا 193 Unit 21 ةحايسلا شاعنلإ ةليسو ةضايرلا ... سنوت 202 Consolidation Exercises 206 Module 8: Arts and Literature نونفو بادآ :نماثلا لصفلا Unit 22 ظوفحم بيجن 214 ن أ ت Unit 23 �يمأ دمحل �ي ايح 222 ن Unit 24 لكيه �ينسح دمحم 230 Consolidation Exercises 234 Answers 239 Transcripts 272 Sample Test 280 Acknowledgements We would like to express our gratitude to all those who made this book possible. We wish to thank first and foremost our colleagues for their support and encouragement. We are deeply indebted to Nicola Ramsey, Edinburgh University Press, for her assistance and support. Our special thanks go also to James Dale and Christine Barton for their comments and assistance. Our sincere thanks go to Dr Ahmed El-Gindy, Dr Ruba Khamam, Dr Uosef Karim, Hugh Morgan and Dr Wafa Abu Hatab for their comments on a draft of this book. We are bound to our students at the University of Leeds, who patiently trialled some of the material and gave essential feedback. Lastly, and most importantly, we would like to express our warm thanks to our families for their unfailing love, encouragement and support. Introduction Over the last few years or so, many textbooks have been published on translation of Arabic-English-Arabic and Arabic literature; however, limited work has been done on reading, grammar, writing, speaking and listening at intermediate and advanced levels. Through our teaching of Arabic, we felt the urgent need for a textbook that will enable learners to enhance and refine their reading, grammar, writing, speaking and listening skills. This textbook is designed not only to allow learners to hone these skills, but to help them accumulate a wide range of Arabic vocabulary, required for performing reading, writing and translation tasks. It is a one-stop source for learners who wish to polish the above-mentioned Arabic language skills, including Arabic grammar. This textbook, therefore, aims to aid learners of Arabic at intermediate and advanced levels to: 1 develop and refine their reading, writing, speaking and listening skills. 2 achieve a degree of competency in Arabic skills and acquire the ability to deal with complex syntactic features through a wide range of Arabic exercises. 3 become aquainted with grammatical concepts that are vital to writing and under- standing texts. 4 become acquainted with Arabic linguistic features which are deemed necessary to the fluency of writing styles. 5 become acquainted with Arabic stylistics, with a view to enhancing their Arabic vocab- ulary in order to be able to translate and deal with Arabic language in different con- texts. 6 accumulate vocabularies to use for their reading, writing, speaking and listening. 7 enhance their translation skills. In order to achieve the above outlined aims, this textbook offers valuable materials on reading, grammar, writing, speaking, listening and translation. It is specially designed for learners of Arabic who are progressing from intermediate to advanced level. Texts and activities are designed to ensure a steady progression. For reading skills, each module introduces a variety of texts, followed by a glossary and a wide range of drills, which are designed to help learners practise key vocabulary pertain- ing to the theme of each module. The abundance of vocabulary will also help learners to comprehend texts and, where appropriate, translate them from and into Arabic. Each module includes a unit that is dedicated to listening. Learners are introduced to a range of recordings related to the themes of the modules, and each recording is followed by a glossary and a variety of exercises designed to improve listening skills. To help learners focus on the listening tasks, texts have been moved to the appendices section. To access the audio learning materials, please visit: https://edinburghuniversitypress.com/essential- skills-arabic-resources and click on the ‘Resources’ tab underneath the book description. Apart from reading and listening, grammar and other skills such as writing, speaking and translation are introduced in each module and unit. Each unit contains grammatical concepts relevant to the text, which are designed to help learners comprehend texts and improve their writing skills. The grammatical concepts are explained and followed by a range of drills intended to help learners digest these concepts further. Writing exercises and, where relevant, key writing concepts are introduced in each unit. These include key Introduction vii writing phrases and concepts, such as connectives, writing letters, summarising texts and using expressions in different contexts (i.e. expressions of certainty, hope, doubt, and so on). Each unit contains a section on speaking, in which learners are given the opportunity to discuss and debate key issues, mainly those relevant to the theme of the module and unit. Learners are guided through the topic, and, where relevant, key vocabulary and expressions are provided to help learners express themselves and convey their opinions about the topic of discussion. This exercise is intended to help learners practise and refine their speaking skills, as well as gain confidence in speaking in class. Translation is another skill that is included in each unit. Drawing on the vocabulary learnt in each unit, learners are encouraged to translate sentences, paragraphs and texts from and into Arabic. By doing so, learners will be able to put into practice the vocabu- lary they have learnt, demonstrating therefore their ability to use different concepts and expressions in different contexts. In addition to the above skills, this textbook offers a glossary, where both Arabic and English equivalents are given to the selected Arabic terminologies at the start of each unit. The Arabic equivalent is designed to enrich learners’ Arabic vocabulary, whereas the English equivalent is intended to aid learners in their translation tasks. As previously mentioned, in order to achieve the above listed aims, this textbook offers a wide range of drills that are designed to help learners enhance and refine their Arabic language skills. The texts are authentic and cover a range of topics, including culture, society, politics, environment, education, current affairs, sports and literature. The variety of themes and topics will not only help learners increase their knowledge, but will also equip them with the language skills required for different registers in different contexts. Besides being relevant to the themes of the modules, the texts are selected because they are brimming with relevant vocabulary and call upon the skills needed to be honed in each module: grammar, reading, writing, grammar, translation and listening skills. It should be mentioned here that these texts represent their writers’ views, and do not reflect the authors’ opinions. The modules are structured in a way that can be easily followed. Each module is organised around the following sections: reading comprehension, language in context, grammar, translation, writing, speaking and listening. In order to help learners digest key concepts and relevant terminologies in each module, a Consolidation Exercises section has been introduced at the end of each module. There is also a section with answers to some of the exercises. This key will not only help learners verify their answers, but will also facilitate their independent learning. The textbook is composed of eight modules, which will have more or less the same structure and layout. They are organised by the following topics: Module 1: Culture and Society introduces learners to a wide range of vocabularies on culture and society of the Middle East, and a variety of drills and exercises, which will help learners build their confidence and accumulate a vocabulary on this theme. The module contains a variety of texts to practise reading and listening skills, and each text is accompa- nied by a range of drills on reading comprehension, grammar, translation, writing, speak- ing and listening. Module 2: The Environment contains texts dealing with the theme of environment. A variety of topics are chosen to reflect different aspects of the theme. The module is also viii Essential Skills in Arabic intended to familiarise learners with a wide range of Arabic vocabulary on this theme, which, it is hoped, will aid comprehension of the texts. This is followed by a variety of exer- cises introduced in each unit to help learners with reading, writing, speaking and listening. Module 3: Education provides learners with an insight into the theme of education in the Arab world. The module introduces learners to a variety of texts on the theme of edu- cation; each text is followed by a wide range of drills which are designed to help learners practise their reading, grammar, listening, translation, writing and speaking skills. All texts in this module are followed by glossaries which are intended to help learners comprehend and translate these texts into English. Module 4: Global Issues introduces learners to texts on current global issues. As in pre- vious modules, each text in this module is followed by a glossary, designed to help learn- ers comprehend texts and facilitate the task of translation. Following the same structure as other modules, this module offers a variety of drills on different Arabic language skills, notably reading, grammar, translation, writing, speaking and listening. Module 5: Media and Communication introduces learners to a variety of texts on the theme of media and communication. Texts are followed by glossaries and a wide range of exercises designed to help learners enhance their reading and comprehension skills. By the end of this module, it is expected that learners will be able to acquire the required vocabulary and skills to perform reading, writing, speaking, listening and translation tasks. Also, the module introduces grammatical concepts designed to aid learners in their com- prehension of Arabic structure and writing tasks. Module 6: Economy and Development is designed to provide learners with the oppor- tunity to learn a variety of vocabularies related to the economy. This module includes drills intended to help learners comprehend and digest different topics and vocabularies related to the theme of economy. Module 7: Sports introduces learners to texts about sports. Each text is followed by a glossary and a wide range of practical exercises, most of which are tailored to aid learners develop and refine their Arabic language skills. The module is also designed to acquaint learners with concepts and expressions related to the theme of sports. Module 8: Arts and Literature is designed to introduce learners to texts on aspects of Arabic literature. Similar to other modules, texts are followed by a glossary and a wide range of drills, which are selected to help learners improve their reading, grammar, writing, speaking, listening and translation skills. The module introduces the work of some renowned Arabic writers. Map of the Book Module and Reading Grammar Vocabulary Listening Translation Writing Speaking Topic Module 1 Reading ناك Vocabulary to Listening to Translation Locating and Discussing Culture and about and ،اهتاوخأو describe and a text on a of sentences, correcting places to Society understanding ،لاحلا discuss places country in the paragraphs and errors in a visit in the the culture and �نيب قرفلا and cultures. Middle East. texts from and text. Thinking Middle East. society of the ةفاضلإا Drills, including into English. and writing Middle East. ةفصلاو comprehension Vocabulary on in Arabic; Comprehension and language in places in the avoiding questions. context. Middle East, writing in and its use in Arabic through context. translation. Module 2 Reading ،نامز فرظ Learning Listening to two Translation Learning Discussing The texts on the ،ناكم فرظ terminology passages on of texts and vocabulary and what nature Environment environment لوعفملا specific to the volcanos. sentences writing short holds in أ and how to ،هلجل environment related to paragraphs store for us protect it. A لاعفأ and its use in environmental on the and ways of glossary and ليضفتلا the context. issues environment. coping. drills. Module 3 Reading and نإ Words, phrases Listening Translating Writing Using Education understanding ،اهتاوخأو and idiomatic to a text on sentences, cohesive expressions texts about لوعفملا expressions the future of paragraphs and paragraphs, of opinion education. قلطملا about different education in texts about essays and to discuss Drills, aspects of a changing education, letters; issues comprehension education. world. Drills, from and summarising related to questions comprehension into English. texts. education and language questions and Learning and in the Arab in context language in using key World. exercises. context drills. translated concepts and expressions in the glossary. Module 4 Reading ءامسأ Learning Listening to Translating Listening to Discussing Global Issues about and ،ةراشلإا terminology passages on texts related to texts about the global أ understanding ءامسلا specific to the Arab Spring current issues Arab Spring issues, and the state of ةلوصوملا international and the future and the future expressing science and issues. of economic of economic opinions. technology in resources in the resources. the Arab World. region. Module 5 Reading and نم عونمملا Vocabulary Listening to Translating Writing Using Media and understanding فصرلا in context; texts and sentences and personal expressions Communication texts about learning new answering paragraphs letters; using of insistence media and phrases and questions about about connectors to to discuss communication. synonyms; key media and media and write essays social Glossaries and terminologies communication. communication on media- media; comprehension about into Arabic. related topics; expressions questions. media and Translation of phrases and and phrases communication. a text about expressions relating to impartiality for writing the pros of media into introductions and cons English. and of social conclusions. media.