The Collected Works of Langston Hughes Volume 9 Essays on Art, Race, Politics, and World Affairs Projected Volumes in the Collected Works ThePoems:1921–1940 ThePoems:1941–1950 ThePoems:1951–1967 TheNovels:NotwithoutLaughter andTambourinestoGlory ThePlaysto1942:Mulatto toTheSunDoMove TheGospelPlays,Operas,andOther LateDramaticWork TheEarlySimpleStories TheLaterSimpleStories EssaysonArt,Race,Politics,andWorldAffairs FightforFreedom andOtherWritingsonCivilRights WorksforChildrenandYoungAdults:Poetry, Fiction,andOtherWriting WorksforChildrenandYoungAdults:Biographies Autobiography:TheBigSea Autobiography:IWonderAsIWander TheShortStories TheTranslations AnAnnotatedBibliographyofthe WorksofLangstonHughes (cid:1) Publication of The Collected Works of Langston Hughes has been generously assisted by Landon and Sarah Rowland and Morton and Estelle Sosland Editorial Board ArnoldRampersad,Chair,StanfordUniversity DolanHubbard,MorganStateUniversity LeslieCatherineSanders,YorkUniversity StevenC.Tracy,UniversityofMassachusetts,Amherst The Collected Works of Langston Hughes Volume 9 Essays on Art, Race, Politics, and World Affairs Edited with an Introduction by Christopher C. De Santis UniversityofMissouriPress ColumbiaandLondon Copyright©2002byRamonaBassandArnoldRampersad,AdministratorsoftheEstateof LangstonHughes Introductioncopyright©2002byChristopherC.DeSantis Chronologycopyright©2001byArnoldRampersad UniversityofMissouriPress,Columbia,Missouri65201 PrintedandboundintheUnitedStatesofAmerica Allrightsreserved 5 4 3 2 1 06 05 04 03 02 LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Hughes,Langston,1902–1967 [Works.2001] ThecollectedworksofLangstonHughes/editedwithanintroductionby ChristopherC.DeSantis p. cm. Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindexes. ISBN0-8262-1394-4(v.9:alk.paper) 1.AfricanAmericans—Literarycollections. I.DeSantis,ChristopherC. II.Title. PS3515.U274 2001 818'.5209—dc21 00066601 (cid:1)(cid:1)™Thispapermeetstherequirementsofthe AmericanNationalStandardforPermanenceofPaper forPrintedLibraryMaterials,Z39.48,1984. Designer:KristieLee Typesetter:BOOKCOMP,Inc. Printerandbinder:Thomson-Shore,Inc. Typefaces:Galliard,Optima LinesfromTheCollectedPoemsofLangstonHughesbyLangstonHughes,copyright©1994by TheEstateofLangstonHughes.UsedbypermissionofAlfredA.Knopf,adivisionofRandom House,Inc. Contents Acknowledgments ix Chronology xi Introduction 1 ANoteontheText 19 1. Essays,1921–1929 23 2. Essays,1930–1939 45 3. Essays,1940–1949 207 4. Essays,1950–1959 294 5. Essays,1960–1967 384 6. Forewords,Prefaces,and IntroductionstoEditedVolumes 480 7. Reviews 530 8. BriefTributes,Letterstothe Editor,MiscellaneousPieces 552 Notes 557 IndexofTitles 595 Index 599 Acknowledgments IwouldliketogratefullyacknowledgetheDepartmentofEnglishand the College of Arts and Sciences at Illinois State University for provid- ing research grants and additional funding that helped in the comple- tionofthisvolume.RonFortune,ChairoftheDepartmentofEnglish, has been particularly supportive of faculty research and deserves special recognition and thanks. Beverly Jarrett and Jane Lago of the Univer- sity of Missouri Press expertly guided this volume to completion. They fieldedendlessquestionswithpatienceandenthusiasm,andtheiradvice about the final contents of the book was invaluable. I would also like to thank Karen Chachere for her research assistance and those teachers andscholarswhohaveinspiredmyworkonLangstonHughesoverthe years: Sandra Adell, William L. Andrews, John Callahan, Nellie McKay, Arnold Rampersad, and Craig Werner. Finally, I thank Stacey Gottlieb and Julie Jung for the generosity of spirit and humor that sustained me whileworkingonthisbook. The University of Missouri Press is grateful for assistance from the following individuals and institutions in locating and making available copies of the original editions used in the preparation of this edition: Anne Barker and June DeWeese, Ellis Library, University of Missouri– Columbia; Teresa Gipson, Miller Nichols Library, University of Mis- souri–Kansas City; Ruth Carruth and Patricia C. Willis, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University; Ann Pathega, Washing- tonUniversity. TheCollectedWorks wouldnothavebeenpossiblewithoutthesupport and assistance of Patricia Powell, Chris Byrne, and Wendy Schmalz of Harold Ober Associates, representing the estate of Langston Hughes, and of Arnold Rampersad and Ramona Bass, co-executors of the estate ofLangstonHughes. ix