title: Ernest Hemingway : The Oak Park Legacy author: Nagel, James. publisher: University of Alabama Press isbn10 | asin: 0817308423 print isbn13: 9780817308421 ebook isbn13: 9780585217734 language: English Hemingway, Ernest,--1899-1961--Criticism and interpretation--Congresses, Hemingway, Ernest,--1899-1961-- subject Childhood and youth--Congresses, Authors, American--20th century--Biography-- Congresses, Oak Park (Ill.)--Biography-- Congresses. publication date: 1996 lcc: PS3515.E37Z58688 1996eb ddc: 813/.52 Hemingway, Ernest,--1899-1961--Criticism and interpretation--Congresses, Hemingway, Ernest,--1899-1961-- subject: Childhood and youth--Congresses, Authors, American--20th century--Biography-- Congresses, Oak Park (Ill.)--Biography-- Congresses. Page iii Ernest Hemingway The Oak Park Legacy Edited by James Nagel THE UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA PRESS Tuscaloosa and London Page iv Copyright (c) 1996 The University of Alabama Press Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0380 All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America The paper on which this book is printed meets the minimum requirements of American National Standard for Information Science- Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, 39.48-1984. ANSI Z Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ernest Hemingway: the Oak Park legacy / edited by James Nagel. p. cm. Essays presented at a conference held July 17- 21, 1993, in Oak Park, Ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 0-8173-0842-3 1. Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961-Criticism and interpretation- Congresses. 2. Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961-Childhood and youth-Congresses. 3. Authors, American-20th century-Biography- Congresses. 4. Oak Park (Ill.)-Biography- Congresses. I. Nagel, James. PS3515.E37Z58688 1996 813'.52-dc20 96- 5033 CIP British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data available Page v In memory of JOHN OLIN EIDSON Page vii CONTENTS Preface ix Hemingway Genealogy xi Introduction The Hemingways and Oak Park, Illinois: Background and 3 Legacy James Nagel Hemingway: The Oak Park Background High Culture and Low: Oak Park before the Great War 23 Michael Reynolds Hemingway's Religious Odyssey: The Oak Park Years 37 Larry E. Grimes John Halifax, Gentleman and the Literary Courtship of 59 Clarence and Grace James Nagel The Early Fiction of Ernest Hemingway Out of the Wastebasket: Hemingway's High School 81 Stories David Marut Oak Park as the Thing Left Out: Surface and Depth in 96 "Soldier's Home" Carlos Azevedo Romantic Betrayal in "Ten Indians" 108 Mary Anne O'Neal Page viii Women in the Garden: Hemingway's "Summer People" 124 and "The Last Good Country" Abby H. P. Werlock By the Book: "Big Two-Hearted River" and Izaak Walton 145 George Monteiro Hemingway's Later Work: A Farewell to Oak Park "Working on the Farm": Hemingway's Work Ethic in The 165 Sun Also Rises Judy Hen The Search for an American Audience: Marketing Ernest 179 Hemingway, 1925-1930 John J. Fenstermaker Afterword What If Ernest Had Been Born on the Other Side of the 209 Street? Morris Buske Bibliography 217 Contributors 225 Index 227 Page ix PREFACE James Nagel The essays in this collection, all of them published here for the first time, were presented as part of "Ernest Hemingway: The Oak Park Legacy," a conference held in Hemingway's hometown, July 17-21, 1993, under the sponsorship of The Ernest Hemingway Foundation of Oak Park. Although this volume contains a selection of the papers presented at the program, it cannot attempt to capture the energy and excitement that characterized the entire event, with the presentation of a new play (Lovely Walloona, written by Morris Buske) and tours of the Hemingway house, the Oak Park and River Forest High School, and the many Frank Lloyd Wright homes in the community. It was an exciting and informative three days for the hundreds of participants who attended the conference, a joyful tribute to the young man who grew up in this village to become a Nobel laureate for literature. In addition to the scholars whose essays are here collected, many other people participated in the program and contributed to the informed discussion that enlivened the conference. One of the most intriguing events was a panel discussion devoted to "Hemingway in International Perspective," with Judy Hen (Israel), Xiaoming Huang (People's Republic of China), Carlos Azevedo (Portugal), Kazuhira Maeda (Japan), and Ove G. Swensson (Sweden) as participants. In more formal investigations of Hemingway's works, Joseph Waldmeier, John P. Weber, Robert Page x Martin, James Steinke, Robert W. Trogdon, Linda Wagner-Martin, Carolyn Poplett, Redd Griffin, Michael Seefeldt, Janice R. Byrne, and Rose Marie Burwell made important contributions in forms that could not be represented here. Scott Schwar, President of The Ernest Hemingway Foundation of Oak Park, supervised local arrangements along with Jeanette Fields, Redd Griffin, and especially Barbara Ballinger, the archivist for the Hemingway Museum. Stephen Plotkin, of the Hemingway Collection at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library in Boston, discussed the materials in that archive, including the scrapbooks that Grace kept throughout Ernest Hemingway's childhood, and Barbara Ballinger described the extensive collection of family papers donated to the Oak Park museum by Marcelline Hemingway Sanford, Ernest Hemingway's older sister. Marcelline's two sons, John and James Sanford, shared memories of their celebrated uncle. Waring Jones spoke about an important collection of Hemingway manuscripts and letters he donated to the museum, documents now permanently available for scholarly investigation. In a larger sense, the entire community of Oak Park participated in the celebration with a picnic in the town park and the dedication of the Hemingway birthplace at 339 North Oak Park Avenue as an educational museum. The preservation and restoration of the author's home was a suitable conclusion to the conference and the beginning of a new series of literary events for those interested in the life and works of Ernest Hemingway. In a small gesture of support from the scholars whose essays are here published, the proceeds of this volume will be dedicated to the support of this facility.