Universal Journal of Educational Research 8(6): 2554-2568, 2020 http://www.hrpub.org DOI: 10.13189/ujer.2020.080639 Moral Education (2010-2019): A Bibliometric Study (Part 1) J. Julia1,*, Encep Supriatna1, I. Isrokatun1, Iis Aisyah2, Reni Nuryani2, Adeola Aminat Odebode3 1Elementary Teacher Education Program, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia 2Nursing Program, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung, Indonesia 3Department of Counsellor Education, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria Received March 24, 2020; Revised April 18, 2020; Accepted May 3, 2020 Copyright©2020 by authors, all rights reserved. Authors agree that this article remains permanently open access under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 International License Abstract Recently, moral education has developed into 1. Introduction a popular theme of study in various countries. Mapping of moral education research that includes publication trends, the Moral education is a significant aspect in various countries most cited articles, the most contributing journals and [1-3]. In current educational practice, moral education has an publishers, and the terms in the author keywords needs to be advantage in the curriculum [4-8]. Correspondingly, moral done to provide direction for future research. This article development is the focus of educators to educate humans aims at identifying and analyzing moral education studies fully [9-11]. Over the decades, the practice of moral that have been published in reputable international journals education has become a student-centered practice, which in the 2010-2019 timeframe through bibliometric studies. focuses on fostering independence and interdependence This study employed a systematic and structured [12-17].The study of moral education also penetrated various mind-mapping method, which includes four stages: (1) fields, such as music [18], health [19], business [20], and searching articles through the Publish or Perish applications many more. Observing the development of moral education from the Scopus database; (2) filtering articles to be included from various researchers in various countries can provide in bibliometric analysis; (3) checking and completing the new directions for subsequent research for researchers or article metadata; and (4) conducting bibliometric analysis educators who are focused on this field. Therefore, a through VOSviewer application. Four findings are yielded bibliographic study of moral education articles that have from the analysis: (1) yearly moral education publication been published in reputable journals has become trends. The analysis showed an increasing publication trend indispensable. at the end of 2019; (2) the most cited article. Most citations In a conceptual framework, moral training is an education occurred in moral education articles in the scope of business of essential qualities and standards including but not limited with 56 number of citations; (3) journals and publishers that to reasonableness, trustworthiness, and regard for other published the most moral education articles. The most people, and those would develop moral duties in students contributing journal is the Journal of Moral Education, and [21-24]. No community can survive and thrive without a the most contributing publisher is Routledge or Taylor and specific degree of cohesion to these values [25-27]. Strictly Francis; and (4) the most widely used author keywords in speaking, moral education is an approach to instill moral education articles. The keyword term that is knowledge, values, beliefs, and attitudes that can assist most widely used by authors is 'moral education'. This students to become members of community that are study concluded that publications in moral informative, caring, and responsible, who comprehend and education have increased, but the citation is still in a have faith in the idea of ‘equity, decency, and human welfare’ decreasing pattern. Therefore, making a top-cited article [28, 29]. In every society, the enculturation of moral becomes an opportunity for future research. education to the children must be considered as a continuum that begins with the values and virtues of consensus that Keywords Moral Education, Bibliometric Analysis, sustain society [30-32]. As children become more Bibliographic Review, Ethics and Morals, Publish or Perish, established and turn out to be increasingly developed, they VOSviewer, Publication Trends, Bibliography Mapping will be gradually brought into a progressive education and they will learn an informative and intelligent manner in response to disputable ethic points [27, 33-37]. In a Universal Journal of Educational Research 8(6): 2554-2568, 2020 2555 pluralistic society, peaceful coexistence relies upon the moral abilities were indirectly associated with practical acknowledgment and support of ideals and municipal utilization. It recommended that the advancement of these qualities such as upholding the right to involve everyone, abilities may also encourage the reception of practical resolving differences by deliberating, and drawing utilization. Moreover, this research also contributed to the conclusions in accordance with information obtained[38, 39]. improvement of the educational programs of Education for The character education manifesto considers schools and Sustainable Consumption by giving a comprehensive, educators as the principle specialists to introduce and hypothesis-based, and observationally tried enhance moral education. All schools should cultivate operationalization of ethic abilities and affirming the students’ individual and community ethics such as trust structure of the Values in Action Inventory of Strengths as an worthiness, mental fortitude, duty, determination, operationalization instrument and evaluation of the administration, and regard for the equal respect for development of ethic abilities of the students. everything [40-42]. A moral education and decision-making in clinical Current research on moral education has been conducted dispatching research conducted by Knight et al. [47] by researchers. The search conducted by Wong [43] in Hong demonstrated that moral training had not been received by Kong regarding contextualized addressing strategies of most members in anticipation of their dispatching role and moral discussion in classes recommended that teachers’ they were facing challenges in distinguishing and examining investigating methodology in a moral discussion should moral issues. Members frequently feel uncomfortable about incorporate a contextualized action such as the assessment of choices they were associated with, attributing this to a few protagonists, narrative focus, and implanted virtues in a variables, such as a feeling of moral unease; a concern story through an educational program arranging and regarding the non-transparent decision-making process of educating. It should offer bearings for future investigations the commissioning groups; and the unaccountable of ethic studies. commissioning groups. The results of this research also The research conducted by Sugrue [44] in regards to moral inferred that the commissioning groups encounter injury among experts in K-12 education based on the complicated choices regarding moral concerns and the correlational analysis found that experiences of moral injury association of moral disquiet is exacerbated by an absence of were related with guilty feeling, upset conscience, burnout, moral education and an absence of trust in distinguishing and and the intention to find employment elsewhere. Linear breaking down the concerns. This research also indicated a regression analysis exhibited that experts working in reasonable prerequisite for extra support and moral high-destitution and racially isolated schools were bound to education for the commissioning groups to support the endorse experiences of moral injury significantly. These decision-making process. discoveries strengthened the criticalness of the Over the recent ten years, besides the abundance of intersectionality of race and class in duplicating harsh and accessible literature on moral education, there were no indecent instructive practices and results. A more profound comprehensively reported bibliometric studies in comprehension and more prominent consideration regarding publications of journals indexed by Scopus that have been the potential sources of moral injury is critical to foster a reported. In the existing literature, the portrayals of more equitable and ethical education system. bibliometric maps and grouping methods that empower an Research conducted by Corsa [45]on compassion and outline of the different parts of moral education seem to be ethic training in the Theatre of the Oppressed and The disregarded. On the top-cited articles in the field, there is no Laramie Project indicated that remarkable scholars have bibliometric study that demonstrating gradually increased contended that theater and drama played beneficial parts in qualities of the publications. Henceforth, a new citation the ethic training of people, including developing analysis on this subject is supported to be conducted. In this compassion ability. However, there are worries from other manner, the present study has been completed to evaluate the scholars regarding dramas and practices that involved volume of scientific publications identified with moral improvisation. They stated that it might not drive beneficial education in general, and to conduct a most-cited changes and might even have unfavorable influences. bibliometric study. Corsa's research focused on the techniques utilized by the This bibliographic review study is significant to be Theatre of the Oppressed, conceived by Augusto Boal, and conducted, as the idea of bibliography has been procuring on the strategies engaged in the development of The Laramie applicable significance in the research field [48-52]. Project, createdby Moisés Kaufman and the Tectonic Theatre Moreover, this research can be estimated in a progressively Project. It contended that those dramas have developed the dependable manner by breaking down the quantity of empathetic limits of actors and audiences, and it overcame publications and the number of citations [53-57]. The the worries from numerous scholars over the impact of the bibliometric indicators was used to analyze the scientific drama. production quantitatively and qualitatively [58-60]. The Research conducted by Valor, Antonetti and Merino utilization of the indicators can also produce the best possible [46]in regards to the connection between moral abilities and portrayal of the research development condition, thereby practical utilization among advanced students indicated that fortifying the scientific policy decision-making [61-63]. 2556 Moral Education (2010-2019): A Bibliometric Study (Part 1) One of the quantitative methods to distinguish the pattern moral education research in 2010-2019? of publication and citation within a research in a period of time is bibliometrics. It can also offer understanding into the dynamics of the area subsequently [64-66]. The significance 2. Methods of the bibliographic studies has additionally been accounted by previous researchers [67-69]. The article review can assist 2.1. Examination Procedure with getting data through the examination of high-referred articles and their reference rates in the research [70]. Many Publish or Perish Software (PoP) is used in this research as research network, publishers, and policymakers have an application to search the bibliographic database. The understood the significance of the evaluation forms, and database source used for searching bibliographies in the PoP especially the bibliometric indicators utilization based on the application is Scopus. Itis utilized because it is one of the author’s publication practices and journal editorial rehearses largest databases of peer-reviewed literature providers[75].It [71-74]. covers a lot more extensive scope of materials contrasted to From such scientific and essential examination other databases[70, 76], and it also encompasses 70% larger significance, the purpose of this research was drawn. The sources than WoS[70, 77].The bibliography searches are purpose is to perform a moral education bibliometric limited specifically to the following aspects: (1) the type of analysis and to report the overall topographies. It is because bibliography that is sought is only in the type of journal; (2) these articles are esteemed to be the most notable and most the title and author keywords sought are aimed at two words noticeable publications exhibiting up-to-date academic namely "Moral Education"; and (3) the search year is limited information, progress, and propensities in the field. to 2010-2019 (last 10 years). Because searching on the Consequently, this article takes part in science-mapping Scopus database via PoP is limited to a maximum of 200 process to expound fundamental bibliometric subtleties of the articles by addressing the following identification of the articles in one search, the search is carried out twice, the first problems: one is in 2010-2014, and the second one is in 2015-2019. Q1: How is the trend of publication in moral education Bibliographic searches were conducted in January 2020. research in 2010-2019? Figure 1 presents the process of searching bibliographies in Q2: How is the citation pattern in moral education the PoP application. research in 2010-2019? The bibliographic search results are saved in the EndNote Q3: Which journals and publishers published the most X9 application and into a CSV file to be opened in the Excel moral education articles in 2010-2019? or Numbers application. Files that have been saved are then Q4: What is the most widely used author keyword in checked and equipped with the metadata. Figure 1. Bibliographic Search in PoP Application Universal Journal of Educational Research 8(6): 2554-2568, 2020 2557 2.2. Bibliographic Filters bibliography was examined and completed. The examination includes author names, article titles, author keywords, The selection and sorting for the bibliography to be abstracts, years, volumes, issue numbers, pages, affiliations, included in the bibliometric analysis were conducted. Some countries, number of citations, article links, and publishers. of the criteria applied include: (1) having the right context of After the metadata was completed, the bibliometric analysis moral education, (2) using English, and (3) published by begun. established or reputable bibliographic database publishers or providers. Every bibliography that will be included or 2.4. Bibliometric Analysis removed from the bibliometric analysis process was checked first by tracing it into the Scopus database that has been Bibliometric analysis was carried out based on the extracted from the PoP application. The selected following four aspects; (1) moral education publication bibliography used was only the journal type. There were trends, (2) the most cited articles, (3) journals and publishers some of the bibliographies that appeared in the search that are published moral education articles the most, and (4) process of the PoP application that was not selected because author keywords that are the most widely used in moral they were in the form of Conference Articles, Erratum, Notes, education articles. The VOSviewer application was used to Editorials, Reviews, or articles that are not equipped with help conducting bibliometric analysis and visualize the abstracts. results of bibliometric analysis [78-80]. VOSviewer was The initial search results through the PoP application utilized in view of its capacity to work proficiently with produced 252 bibliographies. After being selected, there enormous informational index and can give an assortment of were 207 selected bibliographies. However, 45 fascinating visuals, examination, and investigations [81-83]. bibliographies could not be selected because they did not It can also make publication, author, or journal maps based meet the established criteria. Table 1 shows the total number on co-citation systems or construct keyword maps based on of bibliographies from each year resulting from searches shared systems [79].The file type inputted into the through the PoP application. VOSviewer application for the analysis was put in the EndNote (enw) bibliography file. Table 1. Bibliographic Selection Results Year of publication Inclusion Exclusion Total 2019 29 9 38 3. Results 2018 29 1 30 2017 24 5 29 3.1. Theme 1: Analysis Based on Publication Trend 2016 13 2 15 2015 19 4 23 Figure 2 shows that the publication of moral education 2014 23 4 27 articles from 2010-2019 amounted to 207. Publication trends 2013 23 8 31 showed an ascending pattern three times, descending pattern 2012 15 3 18 twice, and fixed pattern twice. The ascending pattern 2011 18 3 21 occurred in 2010-2011, 2012-2013, and 2016-2018; the 2010 14 6 20 descending pattern occurred in 2011-2012 and 2014-2016; and the fixed pattern occurred in 2013-2014 and 2018-2019. Total 207 45 252 If seen from the whole year, the least publication occurred in 2016 and the most publication occurred in 2018-2019. Thus, 2.3. Bibliography Attributes in recent years publications on moral education have To analyze the filtered bibliography, the metadata of the increased quite significantly. 2558 Moral Education (2010-2019): A Bibliometric Study (Part 1) Figure 2. Yearly Publication Trend 3.2. Theme 2: Analysis Based on the Most Cited Articles 3.2.1. The Citation Rates per Year Figure 3 shows that the total number of citations per year from 2010-2019 was961 citations. The citation pattern showed a descending pattern three times, ascending pattern three times, and fixed pattern once. The descending pattern occurred in 2010-2011, 2014-2015, and 2018-2019; the ascending pattern occurred in 2011-2014, 2015-2016, and 2017-2018; and the fixed pattern occurred in 2016-2017. If seen from the whole year, the most citations occurred in 2014 and the least citation occurred in 2019. Thus, the overall citation pattern experienced a decline from 2010-2019. An average number of citations per year is presented in Figure 4. Figure 3. Number of Citations per Year Universal Journal of Educational Research 8(6): 2554-2568, 2020 2559 Figure 4. Average Number of Citations per Year Table 2. Top Ten of the Most Cited Articles Number Year of Publisher / No. Author(s) Article Title of Journal Name Publication Database Citation The Influence of Business Ethics May, D.R., Luth, Education on Moral Efficacy, Moral Journal of Business 1 M.T., Schwoerer, 2014 56 Springer Meaningfulness, and Moral Courage: Ethics C.E. A Quasi-experimental Study The meaning of role modelling in Journal of Moral Taylor & 2 Sanderse, W. 2013 53 moral and character education Education Francis Intuitive moral judgments are robust Banerjee, K., across variation in gender, education, Journal of Cognition 3 Huebner, B., Hauser, 2010 30 Brill politics, and religion: A large-scale and Culture M. web-based study Is Business Ethics Education Wang, L.C., Effective? An Analysis of Gender, Journal of Business 4 2013 29 Springer Calvano, L. Personal Ethical Perspectives, and Ethics Moral Judgment Homosexual moral acceptance and Journal of Taylor & 5 Kozloski, M.J. social tolerance: Are the effects of 2010 27 Homosexuality Francis education changing? Grace, P.J., Clinical ethics residency for nurses: Robinson, E.M., Wolters An education model to decrease Journal of Nursing 6 Jurchak, M., 2014 25 Kluwer moral distress and strengthen nurse Administration Zollfrank, A.A., Lee, Health retention in acute care S.M. Journal of Policy and Inclusive Postsecondary Wiley Uditsky, B., Practice in 7 Education-An Evidence-Based Moral 2012 23 Online Hughson, E. Intellectual Imperative Library Disabilities A Social Cognitive Perspective on the Relationships Between Ethics Journal of Business 8 Wurthmann, K. 2013 23 Springer Education, Moral Attentiveness, and Ethics PRESOR Environmental concern, moral Journal of Moral Taylor & 9 Bonnett, M. 2012 22 education, and our place in nature Education Francis Exploring and Exposing Values in Fougère, M., Management Education: Journal of Business 10 Solitander, N., 2014 22 Springer Problematizing Final Vocabularies in Ethics Young, S. Order to Enhance Moral Imagination 2560 Moral Education (2010-2019): A Bibliometric Study (Part 1) 3.2.2. The Top Ten Most-Cited Articles occupied by the Journal of Philosophy of Education published by Blackwell Publishing with 12 articles. As shown in Table 2, of the 10 most cited articles, articles Meanwhile, the last place was occupied by three journals written by May, D.R., Luth, M.T., and Schwoerer, C.E. with the same number of citations, which are the European (Title: The Influence of Business Ethics Education on Moral Journal of Science and Theology published by the Acad Efficacy, Moral Meaningfulness, and Moral Courage: A Organization for Environmental Engineering & Sustainable Quasi-experimental Study) are the articles that ranked first Development, the Journal of Academic Ethics published by with 56 citations.The second rank is the article written by Springer, and the Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Sanderse, W. (Title: The meaning of role modelling in moral Research published by Pharmainfo Publications. All three and character education) with 53 citations. Meanwhile, the journals published three articles each. last place is occupied by the article written by Bonnett, M. (Title: Environmental concern, moral education and our 3.3.2. The Most Published Publisher of Moral Education place in nature) with 22 citations, and article written by Articles Fougère, M., Solitander, N., Young, S. (Title: Exploring and Table 4 shows that that the publisher who published the Exposing Values in Management Education: Problematizing most moral education articles was Taylor & Francis (T&F). Final Vocabularies in Order to Enhance Moral Imagination) There were two journals published by T&F, namely the with 22 citations. Journal of Moral Education (57 articles) and the Journal of Beliefs and Values (four articles), so T&F published a total 3.3. Theme 3: Analysis Based on Journal and Publisher of 61 articles. Meanwhile, the second place was occupied by Springer. There were two journals published by Springer, 3.3.1. The Most Frequently Published Journals namely the Journal of Business Ethics (10 articles) and the Table 3 shows nine journals that published the most moral Journal of Academic Ethics (three articles), so Springer education articles from 2010-2019. The first place was published a total of 13 articles. The third place was occupied occupied by the Journal of Moral Education published by by Blackwell Publishing, which published the Journal of Taylor & Francis with 57 articles. The second place was Philosophy of Education (12 articles). Table 3. Nine of the Most Published Journals in the Area of Moral Education No. Journal Name Numbers of Article Publisher 1 Journal of Moral Education 57 Taylor & Francis 2 Journal of Philosophy of Education 12 Blackwell Publishing 3 Journal of Business Ethics 10 Springer Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational 4 Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 9 Research 5 Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies 4 Walter de Gruyter GmbH 6 Journal of Beliefs and Values 4 Taylor & Francis Acad Organization for Environmental 7 European Journal of Science and Theology 3 Engineering & Sustainable Development 8 Journal of Academic Ethics 3 Springer 9 Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 3 Pharmainfo Publications Table 4. The Top Five Published Publisher of Moral Education Article No. Publisher Total Articles Journal Journal of Moral Education; Journal of Beliefs 1 Taylor & Francis 61 and Values Journal of Business Ethics; Journal of Academic 2 Springer 13 Ethics 3 Blackwell Publishing 12 Journal of Philosophy of Education 4 Mediterranean Center of Social and Educational Research 9 Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 5 Walter de Gruyter GmbH 4 Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies Universal Journal of Educational Research 8(6): 2554-2568, 2020 2561 3.4. Theme 4: Analysis Based on Author Keyword 575 author keywords were analyzed with three minimum numbers of occurrences and from this analysis, 29 keywords that have strong links were generated. Table 5 shows the clustering of author keywords based on color and number of items. Meanwhile, Figure 5 shows the author keyword from the network visualization version, Figure 6 shows the author keyword from the overlay visualization version, and Figure 7 shows the author keyword from the density visualization version. Table 5. Clustering of Author Keywords Cluster Color Number of Item Author Keywords character education (8); gender (3); moral judgment (5); moral psychology (3); virtue ethics 1 Red 5 (4) 2 Green 5 defining issues test (3); ethics (9); higher education (5); literature (3); moral reasoning (4) 3 Blue 5 education (10); moral distress (3); morality (5); morals (3); spirituality (3) 4 Yellow 4 curriculum reform (3); indoctrination (3); moral education (48); teachers (3); virtue (3) 5 Purple 5 development (3); moral (5); religion (4); society (4); values (4) 6 Aqua 2 moral development (6); moral values (3) 7 Orange 2 Hong Kong (3); religious education (3) 2562 Moral Education (2010-2019): A Bibliometric Study (Part 1) Figure 5. Network Visualization of Author Keywords Universal Journal of Educational Research 8(6): 2554-2568, 2020 2563 Figure 6. Overlay Visualization of Author Keywords