Needs Assessment of the Haitian-American Community in Hillsborough County, Florida / Emmanuel Jean-Francois 1 Needs Assessment of the Haitian-American Community in Hillsborough County, Florida By Emmanuel Jean-Francois, MS HOPE Haitian-American Organization for Population Activities and Education, Inc. Email: [email protected] URL: www.allmyhopes.org Tampa, Florida 2nd edition, 2005 Copyright © All Rights Reserved Haitian-American Organization for Population Activities and Education, Inc. (HOPE) Needs Assessment of the Haitian-American Community in Hillsborough County, Florida / Emmanuel Jean-Francois 2 Acknowledgement The “Needs Assessment of the Haitian-American Community in Hillsborough County, Florida” was conducted in 2004 with the sole financial contributions of the Board members of the Haitian-American Organization for Population Activities and Education, Inc. (HOPE). The first edition came out in October 2004 and was used to write the Strategic Plan of the HOPE. The publication of this second edition is made possible partially by a grant from the Children Board of Hillsborough County (CBHC). Any donation appreciated! Copyright law prohibits the reproduction, storage, or transmission in any form by any means of any portion of this publication without the express written permission of the Haitian-American Organization for Population Activities and Education, Inc (HOPE). Request for permission or further information should be addressed to: Haitian-American Organization for Population Activities and Education, Inc 8700 N. 50th Street, apt.1435.- Tampa, FL 33617 or email [email protected] or call (813) 610-0168. © Emmanuel Jean-Francois 2004. Haitian-American Organization for Population Activities and Education, Inc. (HOPE) Needs Assessment of the Haitian-American Community in Hillsborough County, Florida / Emmanuel Jean-Francois 3 About the author Emmanuel Jean-Francois holds a Master’s degree with honors in Human Services (Organization Management and Leadership), from Springfield College. Emmanuel is an active researcher, working in community research for more than 10 years. He published several books, booklets, survey reports, and guides. Titles include: BOOKS AND BOOKLETS • Social Mobility and Education in Haiti. P-au-P: BRIF, 2000. • The Haitian Health is Sick. P-au-P: BRIF, 2000. • Categories of Teachers in Haiti. P-au-P: BRIF, 1999. • Prospective Sociology of Schooling in Haiti. P-au-P: BRIF, 1998. • For the Children and for the Future. FONHEC, P-au-P, 1996. • The Haitian School: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow. P-au-P: BRIF, 1994. • Cache - Cache (Poetry). P-au-P: UJEP, 1993. STUDY AND SURVEY REPORTS • How the Students Perceive the Workshop of the Riverside Language Program? New York: RLP, 2002. • Youth in Haiti and Social exclusion. P-au-P: State University of Haiti, 2000 • How the Haitian Schoolteachers perceive the Creole Language? P-au-P: BRIF, 2000. • Children and Adolescent Sexuality…. P-au-P: BRIF, 1999. • Perception of the Haitian Schoolteacher by the Students. P-au-P: BRIF, 1998 • Evaluation of Save the Children Non-Formal Education Program. P-au-P: Save the Children US, 1997 • Analysis of Management Efficiency of Maissade Women Club Associations. P-au-P: Save the Children US, 1997 • Analysis of the Situation School aged Children who are not enrolled at School. P-au-P: Save The Children US, 1997. • The Pedagogical Planning. P-au-P: CREFI, 1996. • Analysis of the French Program of the Haitian School. P-au-P: CREFI, 1996. GUIDES OR MANUALS • I am an Animator. P-au-P: BRIF, 2000. • Youth, what do you know about AIDS and STDs? P-au-P: BRIF, 1999. • School director Guide to Elaborate Action Plan. P-au-P: BRIF, 1999. • How to Win the Essay’s Challenge? P-au-P: BRIF, 1998 • Guide to Organize Kiosk in Community Health. P-au-P: Save the Children US, 1998 • Guide for Literacy Animator. P-au-P: Save the Children US, 1998 • Guide for Community School Management. P-au-P: Save the Children US, 1998 • Guide for Organizational Empowerment. P-au-P: Save the Children US, 1997 Haitian-American Organization for Population Activities and Education, Inc. (HOPE) Needs Assessment of the Haitian-American Community in Hillsborough County, Florida / Emmanuel Jean-Francois 4 About the HOPE! The Haitian-American Organization for Population b) Promoting Access to Services Systems (PASS): The goal Activities and Education (HOPE) was founded in February of this project is to promote a better comprehension and use 7, 2004, in Tampa, Florida to meet the challenge of durable of social and economic services available for children and human development for Haitian-Americans and families. The PASS provides information and referral disadvantaged individuals living in the United States. services on reproductive health, HIV/AIDS, STDs, early child development, health awareness, affordable childcare In June 2004, in collaboration with the Tampa School options and available financial assistance, parenting of Human Services of Springfield College, the HOPE education resources, school readiness resources, driving organized fundraising activities to mobilize money, clothes, under influence, substance abuse, women’s health, and food for children and families strongly affected by the domestic violence, smoking prevention, etc. hurricane season in Haiti. The HOPE has a computer drop-in center “Computer KIDS INITIATIVE OF DISCOVERY (KID) Training and Internet Access Center (CIC)” where The Kids Initiative of Discovery (KID) program aims people of all ages and backgrounds have free internet to provide children from 6 to 16 years old a strong and access services and attend free computer classes. supportive cultural and learning environment to develop their readiness and full potential towards future social The HOPE provides consulting and referral services to responsibilities. Then, our programs for children ages 6 to children and families, and develops collaborative 16 include: partnerships with social service agencies in Florida. - Kid’s talent show, MISSION - Drama / Story Telling workshops, Make positive and durable change in the lives of - Song and Music workshops, children, families, and communities by promoting an - Computer Literacy for Kids, awareness of cultural diversity, implementing health, - Youth HIV/AIDS outreach, community education, and economic opportunities and - Tutoring and after school help, technical assistance programs, and preventing child abuse - French classes, and neglect and domestic violence. Our programs value - And other teenage delinquency prevention active and productive individuals in the American society. programs. VISION REFERRAL AND CONSULTING SERVICES (RCS) To be recognized by our clients, private and public agencies as an organization leader that provides - Provide individuals in need with employment related professional and culturally competent programs, products, services. services, and models of community empowerment and - Provide literacy classes, computer literacy classes, Human development which positively impact the cultural, computer training, English as a Second Language classes, social and economic lives of children, families, and test preparation tutoring to individuals in need. professionals, enterprises, organizations, and communities. - Provide volunteer interpreters for Haitian refugees and immigrants and other French speakers who are unable to FAMILIES IMPACT CHILDREN (FIC) communicate in English. We believe that only strong family structures can - Provide limited humanitarian assistance to families in nurture the children, contribute to increase their school need of emergency relief assistance. performance and develop their character through moral - Refer individuals in need for support and social services to values. Then, the objective of the Families Impact the appropriate agencies. Children (FIC) program is to strengthen families and - Provide consultation, information and referral, translation, communities, in order to provide the children with a better and other related technical assistance to refugees and learning and development environment. The FIC immigrants of all ethnic groups in need. encompasses: - Provide tailored cultural competency training on Haitian a) Parent’s Early Childhood Awareness (PECA): The goal culture. of this project is to develop parenting skills and - Provide ongoing management assistance to enterprises understanding of early child development and prevent child and not-for-profit organizations. abuse and neglect. We offer parenting education sessions - Offer French classes, Haitian Creole classes to speakers of to help parents participating efficiently in the behavioral, other languages. emotional, social and cognitive development of their children. Haitian-American Organization for Population Activities and Education, Inc. (HOPE) Needs Assessment of the Haitian-American Community in Hillsborough County, Florida / Emmanuel Jean-Francois 5 Table of Contents * List of Tables and graphs …… …………………..…………….……… 4 I. Executive Summary………………………………………… 5 II. Needs Assessment Rationale……………………………… 6 III. Methodology…………………………………………………. 7-9 IV. Profile of the Participants………………………………… 10-12 V. Findings……………………………………………………….. 13-25 VI. In lieu of Conclusion……………………………………… 26 VII. References…………………………………………………….. 27 VIII. Appendices…………………………………………………… 28-34 BOARD OF DIRECTORS of HOPE President/CEO: Emmanuel Jean-François, MS Vice-President: Franklin Joseph, Ing. Secretary : Marjorie L. Appo, BA Vice-Secretary: Lamoth Edouard Treasurer: Renald Appo Vice-Treasurer: Leomène Maceus CFO: Pierre Desruisseaux, AS Officers: Pierrette Jean-Francois Rev. Sony Maceus, Pastor Rev. Antoine Eugène, Pastor Jean Roberson Florival, Ing. Jean Henock Louis Ernest Dumervé, AS Nerlandes Dumervé Haitian-American Organization for Population Activities and Education, Inc. (HOPE) Needs Assessment of the Haitian-American Community in Hillsborough County, Florida / Emmanuel Jean-Francois 6 List of Tables and Graphs Table .-1.- Participants by organization type and in %. Table.– 2.- Participants by sex and in %. Table. –3.- Participants by age group and in %. Table.- 4.- Participants by highest level of school education completed to date and in %. Table.- 5.- Participants by level of income and in %. Table.- 6.- Estimation of Haitian-American church adherents in Hillsborough County by age group and by sex, and in %. Table.- 7.-Estimation of Haitian-Americans in Hillsborough County by age group and by sex, and in %. Table.- 8.- Perceived areas of residence of most Haitians in Hillsborough County. Table.- 9.- Issues of critical concern for Haitian-American families and individuals in Hillsborough County. Table .- 10.- Issues of critical concern for Haitian-American families and individuals in Hillsborough County, in % Table.- 11.- Level of satisfaction of social services for meeting the needs of Haitian immigrants in Hillsborough County. Table.- 12.-Level of satisfaction of social services for meeting the needs of Haitian immigrants in Hillsborough County, in %. Table.-13.- Obstacles that hinder Haitian immigrants in Hillsborough County to use efficiently public and social services available to them. Table.- 14.- Obstacles hinder Haitian immigrants in Hillsborough County to use efficiently public and social services available to them, in % Table .- 15.-Examples of social services that Haitian-American children, youth, women, and families are most in need for in Hillsborough County, and in %. Graph .- 1.- Perceived areas of residence of most Haitians in Hillsborough County. Haitian-American Organization for Population Activities and Education, Inc. (HOPE) Needs Assessment of the Haitian-American Community in Hillsborough County, Florida / Emmanuel Jean-Francois 7 Executive Summary The Haitian-American Organization for Population Activities and Education (HOPE) was created in February 7, 2004, following the commemoration of the bicentennial of Haiti independence, in January 1, 2004. The HOPE came as an attempt to contribute to the integration of Haitian immigrants into their community of adoption and to participate in the social and cultural production of such community. As culture bearers, I believe that we have to accept the challenge of intercultural experience and live not as victims of a new community, but as valuable contributors. The decision to conduct a “Needs Assessment of the Haitian-American Community in Hillsborough County” was made to provide a quasi-scientific or a research foundation to our future intervention in this community. More specifically, the needs assessment aimed to: - Identify the priorities in the needs of the Haitian-American community, in Hillsborough county, - Ensure that the organization’s goals match with the expectations of such community, - And build a data base of information that can help make systemic and effective interventions within this community. The needs assessment was conducted through community survey, focus groups, and interviews with key informants. Like any needs assessment, this study has the limitation of not being exhaustive. It does not necessarily take into account all the needs of the Haitian-American community in Hillsborough County. This is a lecture, the lecture of the HOPE. I would not be surprised that further studies come with modified findings. In fact, this will be good news for me, in the sense that the community dynamism is alive. Actually, this is an internal document for the HOPE. However, other organizations or agencies may be willing to use the data it provides, as long as they respect our rights of intellectual property. I apologize in advance if any statement expressed by the participants in the focus groups makes someone unhappy. This was not the purpose of the needs assessment. But, I cannot modify the opinions of the participants, as long as I choose to cite them. Again, I apologize and hope that nobody will take personally the meanings of any finding in this report. I am proud to say that this needs assessment was possible with the sole financial contributions of the Board of Directors of HOPE. However, I am very grateful for the invaluable contributions of the leaders who accepted to complete the survey questionnaire and those who participated in the focus groups. A special thanks to my wife Pierrette and my two daughters Emmarald and Maellie-Jade who conceded me some time from their time to undertake this study and write the report. My thanks also to Ms. Janice Hudson and Dr. Gerald Thomas who gave me their input in the survey questionnaire. However, any failure in this text is my entire responsibility. Finally, the readers will find in the following sections of this report the rationale of the needs assessment, the methodology, the findings, and a short conclusion. Emmanuel Jean-Francois, MS President /CEO Haitian-American Organization for Population Activities and Education, Inc. (HOPE) Needs Assessment of the Haitian-American Community in Hillsborough County, Florida / Emmanuel Jean-Francois 8 II. - Needs Assessment Rationale People have come to the United States (U.S.) for a variety of economic and political reasons explained by the push-pull theory. However, the economic challenge, especially for native from developing countries, is considered as the dominant push-pull factor. For example, several ethnographic studies indicate that immigration to the U.S. is an act of investment for many immigrant families that expect better educational and economic opportunities (Gibson & Bhachu, 1991; Suarez- Orozco & Suarez-Orozco, 1995; Zhou & Bankston, 1998). Consequently, some theorists argue that immigration is a serious problem for the United States, because the immigrants produce congestion, pollution, and depend on welfare (Bouvier, 1992; Huddle, 1996). Unlike the push-pull approach and other pure economic theories of immigration that reduce immigrants to self-interested and rational “economic” being or a burden for American-born citizens (Bouvier, 1992; Huddle, 1996), many dynamic approaches have strongly documented the immigrant economic contributions to the U.S.. According to the National Center for Policy Analysis, in 1997, federal, state, and local governments received an estimated $133 billion of direct taxes from immigrant households. Also, an average immigrant paid $80,000 more in taxes than benefits received from local, state, and federal governments, in a lifetime (National Center for Policy Analysis, 1998). The economic contribution of immigrants in the United States may be seen as an indicator of social and economic integration. However, studies show that many immigrant families feel a sort of instability as they perceive themselves as newcomers, in a new country (Caplan et al., 1991). In fact, the issue of concern is real, considering their limited or no knowledge of English language, their lack of knowledge and awareness about the American society and social services (Stevens, 1994). Like any immigrants in Florida, especially in Hillsborough County, Haitians are probably not exonerated from being affected by the challenge of social and economic integration in their new communities. As a matter of fact, conversations with Haitian-Americans in Hillsborough County tend to indicate that their needs are not satisfactorily addressed by existing social services. In response to that, the Haitian-American Organization for Population Activities and Education (HOPE) conducted a survey among Haitian leaders in Hillsborough County, Florida. The purpose of this survey was to better understand how Haitian leaders perceive the needs of the Haitian-American community living in Hillsborough County and formulate recommendations to better address gaps and services and improve the quality of life of children, youth, women, families, and individuals in our community. Haitian-American Organization for Population Activities and Education, Inc. (HOPE) Needs Assessment of the Haitian-American Community in Hillsborough County, Florida / Emmanuel Jean-Francois 9 III. - Methodology The Haitian-American Organization for Population Activities and Education (HOPE) believes that effective community organization must match with good action research that may take several forms, such as needs assessment, model experiment, program evaluation, case study, satisfaction survey, etc. This demarche can help the HOPE understand what the needs of the Haitian-American community are and how strongly people feel about a particular issue. Also, a research-based approach of community intervention can help the HOPE develop a strategic plan and action plans that meet the real expectations of the people. Like any action research, there is no particular hypothesis for this needs assessment. I simply had some research questions. For example, - How do Haitian-American leaders in Hillsborough County perceive the needs of Haitian children, youth, and families? - What have they identified as barriers and obstacles that may hinder to satisfy these needs? - What do they suggest to overcome the barriers and obstacles and to satisfy the perceived needs? In order to gather the data to address the research questions, I faced the challenge to come up with an estimate of the Haitian-American population in Hillsborough County, organize a survey, and conduct some focus groups. 1. - The estimate of the Haitian-American population in Hillsborough County. Estimation of population for local or regional area is done through postcensal estimates. The process is based on equations that are very similar to that of making population projections (United Nations, 1967; United Nations Population Division and the National Academy of Sciences, 1983). The most popular and basic method of calculating numerical estimate of population change overtime is the balancing equation: Pt2 = Pt1 + B (t1-t2) – D (t1-t2) + M (t1-t2) Where : Pt2 = Population projected at some future date t1-t2 years hence. Pt1= Population at the base year t1. B (t1- t2) = Number of births that occur during the interval t1-t2. D (t1-t2) = Number of deaths that occur during the interval t1-t2. M (t1-t2) = Amount of net migration that takes place during the interval t1-t2. Haitian-American Organization for Population Activities and Education, Inc. (HOPE) Needs Assessment of the Haitian-American Community in Hillsborough County, Florida / Emmanuel Jean-Francois 10 It is easy to use the balancing equation to estimate, for example, the population of Hillsborough County, in 2004. However, the estimation of the subpopulation of Haitian-Americans in Hillsborough County made of immigrants and affected by internal migration is very difficult or even impossible if the primary data do not exist. I explored the possibilities of using symptomatic data. But the only symptomatic data that is possible to collect is school enrollment, which is largely not enough to make valid estimate. Then, I decided to estimating by using the data available through: - Twenty five (25) Haitian local churches and some all nation churches attended by Haitians, in Hillsborough County (See- Appendix A), that gather about 5,000 adherents, every Sunday - Two (2) transfer agencies (and three locations) that make an average of 20,000 transactions per month toward Haiti, - Hillsborough County schools (preschools, elementary schools, junior high schools, high schools, vocational schools, Bible colleges, ESL programs, community colleges, universities) that enroll about 5,000 Haitian-Americans, - Public places such as markets, grocery stores, restaurants, barber shops, the soccer field in Ybor City, beauty salons, and mechanic garages where a cumulative recording during 6 weeks of observation provided me with an estimate of 20,000 visits in these places per month; - The cumulative estimate of 15,000 receptors purchased from the sub carrier radios (2). I have used the equation: P (HH) = P (CA) + Σ [ P (TA) + P (HS) + P (PP) + P (SR)] 4 Where: P (HH) = Population of Haitian-Americans in Hillsborough County, Florida. P (CA) = Population of Church adherents. P (TA) = Cumulative population identifiable through transfer agencies. P (HS) = Cumulative population identifiable through schools in Hillsborough county. P (PP) = Cumulative population identifiable in public places. P (SR) = Cumulative population identifiable through the purchase of a sub carrier radio receptors. Except for the population of church adherents that is relatively accurate, I have used cumulative data for all the other subcategories. Cumulative data means data collected through different sources, but in which an individual risk of being accounted for more than one time. For example, I went to public markets, grocery stores, restaurants, barber shops, beauty salons, and mechanic garages to make Haitian-American Organization for Population Activities and Education, Inc. (HOPE)