.DOCUMENT RESUME ED 424 846 HE 031 701 AUTHOR Howe, Richard D. TITLE Salary-Trend Studies of Faculty for the Years 1993-94 and 1996-97 in the Following 26 Academic Disciplines/Major Fields: History, General;...Visual and Performing Arts. INSTITUTION Appalachian State Univ., Boone, NC. PUB DATE 1998-00-00 NOTE 435p.; For other academic fields, see HE 031 700. For earlier salary trends, see ED 408 933-934. PUB TYPE Numerical/Quantitative Data (110) Reports Research (143) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC18 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Academic Rank (Professional); Audiology; *College Faculty; *Compensation (Remuneration); Higher Education; History; Home Economics; Interdisciplinary Approach; Library Science; Marketing; Mathematics; Music; National Surveys; Nursing; Occupational Therapy; Parks; Philosophy; Physical Fitness; Physics; Private Colleges; Public Colleges; Reading Teachers; Recreation; Religion; Social Studies; Social Work; Special Education; Speech Language Pathology; Teacher Education; *Teacher Salaries; Theater Arts; Trend Analysis; Universities; Visual Arts ABSTRACT This document provides comparative salary trend data for full-time faculty at 307 public institutions and 490 private colleges and universities based on two surveys, one for the baseline year 1993-94 and the other for the trend year 1996-97. For each of the 26 disciplines, a summary includes a definition of the discipline; information on average salaries by rank; faculty mix percentages; and comparisons between the two study years and the Consumer Price Index. Appended to the review of each discipline are lists of the 53 disciplines surveyed and the public and private institutions that participated in that segment of the study. Data and summary details are provided for the following disciplines/major fields: History, General; Home Economics; Library Science; Marketing Management and Research; Mathematics; Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies; Music, General; Nursing (R.N. Training); Occupational Therapy; Parks, Recreation, Leisure & Fitness Studies; Philosophy and Religion; Physical Sciences; Physical Therapy; Physics, General; Political Science, General; Protective Services; Psychology; Public Health, General; Reading Teacher Education; Social Sciences, General; Social Work; Sociology; Special Education, General; Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology; Teacher Education; and Visual and Performing Arts. (DB) ******************************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ******************************************************************************** SALARY-TREND STUDIES OF FACULTY FOR THE YEARS 1993-94 AND 1996-97 IN THE FOLLOWING 26 ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES/MAJOR FIELDS: History, General; Home Economics; Library Science; Marketing Management and Research; Mathematics; Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies; Music, General; Nursing (RN. Training); Occupa- .0 .1- tional Therapy; Parks, Recreation, Leisure & Fitness Studies; Philosophy and Religion; Physical co -1- Sciences; Physcial Therapy; Physics, General; Political Science, General; Protective Services; (,) .1- 0 Psychology; Public Health, General; Reading Teacher Education; Social Sciences, General; Social 41 Work; Sociology; Special Education, General; Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology; Teacher Education; and Visual and Performing Arts by Richard D. Howe and Associates Appalachian State University Boone, North Carolina 28608 L. 1\ BEST COPY AVAILA c\f\ U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY nEtNhTaEs Rb e( Ee Rn I rCe)p roduced as 72/This documCe received from the person or organization Richard D. Howe originating it. 0 Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES this Points of view or opinions stated in INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) document do not necessarily represent official GERI position or policy. 4f. SALARY-TREND STUDIES OF FACULTY FOR THE YEARS 1993-94 AND 1996-97 IN THE FOLLOWING 26 ACADEMIC DISCIPLINES/MAJOR FIELDS: History, General; Home Economics; Library Science; Marketing Management and Research; Mathematics; Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies; Music, General; Nursing (R.N. Trdming); Occupa- tional Therapy; Parks, Recreation, Leisure & Fitness Studies; Philosophy and Religion; Physical Sciences; Physcial Therapy; Physics, General; Political Science, General; Protective Services; Psychology; Public Health, General; Reading Teacher Education; Social Sciences, General; Social Work; Sociology; Special Education, General; Speech-Language Pathology and Audiology; Teacher Education; and Visual and Performing Arts by Richard D. Howe and Associates Appalachian State University Boone, North Carolina 28608 Foreword Since 1982-83 the College and University Personnel Association (CUPA) in Washington, DC, in cooperation with Appalachian State University in Boone, NC, have conducted annual national faculty salary surveys by discipline and rank each year through 1996-97. Two separate colleges and universities and the other for surveys are conducted each year, one for public senior private senior colleges and universities. Salary data from the 1993-94 and 1996-97 surveys were collected and tabulated for full- herein time teaching faculty in 53 selected academic disciplines/major fields, 26 of which included de- in alphabetical order. The academic disciplines/major fields were chosen from among those fined by A Classification of Instructional Programs. 1990. Each of the 26 academic disciplines/major fields herein present a summary of the overall field from the "baseline year" of 1993-94 average salary increase in that academic discipline/major participating institutions. to and including the "trend year" of 1996-97 for both public and private Of the 307 public institutions which participated in CUPA's public survey of 1993-94, 248 also participated in the 1996-97 survey. Data from those same 248 institutions were used in both the baseline year and the trend year. Of the 490 institutions which participated in CUPA's private sur- Data from those same 327 institu- vey of 1993-94, 327 also participated in the 1996-97 survey. tions were used in both the baseline year and the trend year. In addition to listing the average salaries in the 26 individual academic disciplines/major fields for both public and private participating institutions by rank, including "new assistant pro- comparisons fessor," and listing the faculty mix percentage (FAC MIX PCT) and the salary factor disciplines/major fields between the two public are made in each of the 26 individual academic study years (1993-94 and 1996-97) and surveys and the two private surveys for each of the two with the CPI (Consumer Price Index) changes in cost-of-living. Appendix The list of all 53 selected academic disciplines/major fields surveyed is found in lists of all participating A of each academic discipline/major field article included herein, and the senior colleges and universities are found in Appendixes B (public) and C (private) of each aca- demic discipline/major field article included herein. SALARY-TREND STUDY OF FACULTY IN HISTORY, GENERAL FOR THE YEARS 1993-94 AND 1996-97 by Richard D. Howe Since 1982-83 the College and University Personnel Association (CUPA) in Washington, D.C., in cooperation with Appalachian State University in Boone, North Carolina, has conducted two annual national faculty salary studies by discipline and rank through 1996-97: one for public senior colleges and universities, and the other for private senior colleges and universities. Salary data for each study were collected and tabulated for full-time teaching faculty in 53 selected academic disciplines/major fields chosen from among those defined by A Classification of Instructi onal Programs *(CIP), 1990, including History, General. The CIP defines the dis- pline/-major field of History, General as, An instructional program that generally describes the study and interpretation of the past including the gathering, recording, synthesizing and critizing of evidence and theories about past events. Includes instruction in historiography; historical research methods, studies of specific periods, issues and cultures; and applications to areas such as historic preservation, public policy, and records administration.* [*A Classification of Instructional Programs (Washington, D.C.: National Center for Education Statistics, [1990]. P. 146-- 45.0801).] This article summarizes the overall average salary increases in the discipline/major field of History, General for both public and private institutions from the "baseline year" of 1993-94 to and including the "trend year" of 1996-97. Of the 307 institutions which participated in CUPA's PUBLIC study of 1993-94, 248 also participated in 1996-97. Data from those same 248 institutions were used in both the baseline year and the trend year. Of the 490 institutions which participated in CUPA's PRIVATE study of 1993-94, 327 also participated in 1996-97. Data from those same 327 1 institutions were used in both the baseline year and the trend year. This article lists the average salaries for the discipline/major field of History, General for both public and private participating institutions by rank, including NEW ASST PROF (new assistant professor), the FAC MIX PCT (faculty mix percentage), and the SALARY FACTOR. Comparisons are also made using the CPI's (Consumer Price Index) changes in cost-of-living between the two studies for each of the two study years (1993-94 and 1996-97). The CPI uses a base period of 1982-84 and measures/tabulates prices of food, clothing, shelter and fuels, transportation, medical care, entertainment and other goods and services people buy for day-to-day living. When examining trends in faculty salary, it is important to consider any changes in the purchasing power of salaries due to inflation. Comparing changes in the faculty salaries with the CPI gives one a more precise view of what "real" salary increases are, that is, buying power. The salary is based on a nine- or 10-month academic year salary of full-time faculty, and does not include any faculty teaching less than 51 percent. Salary for summer academic work, fringe benefits, and perquisites are also not included in the salary data. The average salary is based on the study information with the assumption that all employees are full-time. The average salary displayed is an average of all faculty salaries reported for a given rank and discipline. "NUM" refers to the number of faculty members whose salaries were included to compute the average salary. "N/IN" refers to the number of institutions that reported salary data for a given academic rank and discipline/major field. The FAC MIX PCT represents the percentage of faculty in a given discipline/major field who hold a given academic rank. For example, a FAC MIX PCT factor of 24.9 for associate profes- of the faculty in that sors of History, General in the 1993-94 public study means that 24.9 percent 2 5 discipline/major field held the rank of associate professor. the The SALARY FACTOR for a given rank in a given discipline/major field represents the four studies: ratio of the average salary to the total average salary of all institutions in each of PUBLIC 1993-94, PUBLIC 1996-97, PRIVATE 1993-94 and PRIVATE 1996-97. For example, a General SALARY FACTOR of 0.95 for associateprofessors in the discipline/major field of History, than the average in the 1993-94 public study means that their average salary is five percent lower salary for all associate professors in all institutions in that study. the first time in NEW ASST PROF refers to the grouping of assistant professors hired for included in the the fall of the study year (1993-94 or 1996-97). All information for this group was ASST PROF group for reporting purposes. in each ALL MAJOR FIELDS refers to the entire data base for all 53 disciplines/majorfields field of History, of the four studies. Among other things, it is used to compare the discipline/major General with the entire data base for each study. is based The reader will find the size of the sample on which each percentage or dollar value the greater the effect of extreme to be of particular importance. The smaller the number in the group, It should also be noted that any large disparity scores on a descriptive statistic such as the average. 1996-97 will in the sample sizes between the "baseline year" of 1993-94 and the "trend year" of simple lessen the reliability and validity of any conclusions that one might make based on a comparison of averages. 3 6 NEW ASST ASST ASSOC ALL RANKS INSTRUCTOR PROF PROF PROF PROF N/IN SALARY NUM SALARY NUM N/IN SALARY NUM N/IN SALARY NUM N/IN SALARY NUM N/IN SALARY NUM N/IN DISCIPLINE: SOCIAL SCIENCES MAJOR FIELD: History, General PUBLIC. 1993-94: AVERAGE 213 2507 45948 40 27304 63 79 32450 634 107 33490 180 42987 623 178 209 SALARY: 55146 1187 FAC MIX 100.0% 2.5% 4.3% 25.3% 24.9% 47.3% PCT: SALARY 1.01 0.98 0.91 0.90 0.95 FACTOR: 0.97 ALL MAJOR FIELDS AVERAGE 248 74123 45639 5059 27885 3055 21820 35603 37168 21772 SALARY: 25472 45101 56883 FAC MIX 100.0% 6.8% 4.1% 29.4% 29.4% 34.4% PCT: DISCIPLINE: SOCIAL SCIENCES MAJOR FIELD: History, General PUBLIC. 1996-97: AVERAGE 220 2559 48905 29309 76 45 92 34153 36356 673 135 194 666 45828 212 192 SALARY: 59382 1144 FAC MIX 100.0% 3.0% 5.3% 26.3% 26.0% 44.7% PCT: SALARY 0.99 0.97 0.90 0.91 0.94 FACTOR: 0.96 ALL MAJOR FIELDS AVERAGE 248 73979 49367 4866 30234 3394 38020 21093 39882 22668 SALARY: 48681 25352 61544 FAC MIX 100.0% 6.6% 4.6% 28.5% 30.6% 34.3% PCT: DISCIPLINE: SOCIAL SCIENCES MAJOR FIELD: History, General PRIVATE. 1993-94: AVERAGE 279 45502 1356 28404 27 47 33 31924 54 34020 348 178 41866 229 SALARY: 371 173 604 55285 FAC MIX 100.0% 2.4% 4.0% 25.7% 27.4% 44.5% PCT: SALARY 0.99 1.00 0.94 0.94 0.96 FACTOR: 0.96 ALL MAJOR FIELDS AVERAGE 327 35438 45301 28720 1903 33925 11025 1491 36230 SALARY: 43655 10661 57885 11849 FAC MIX 100.0% 5.4% 4.2% 31.1% 30.1% PCT: 33.4% DISCIPLINE: SOCIAL SCIENCES MAJOR FIELD: History, General PRIVATE. 1996-97: AVERAGE 283 50122 1382 30782 27 54 60 32927 21 347 192 36239 45474 367 SALARY: 176 231 61113 641 FAC MIX 100.0% 2.0% 4.3% 25.1% 26.6% 46.4% PCT: SALARY 0.97 1.01 0.90 0.93 FACTOR: 0.96 0.96 ALL MAJOR FIELDS AVERAGE 327 36214 49753 31814 36709 1648 1695 SALARY: 39143 10902 47422 11242 12422 63553 FAC MIX 100.0% 4.6% 4.7% 30.1% 31.0% PCT: 34.3% 4 AMIABLE BEST COPY RESULTS OF THE TWO PUBLIC STUDIES: 1993-94 AND 1996-97 In the PUBLIC 1993-94 study in the above table, the discipline/major field of History, General was reported in 213 of the 248 public institutions. The average salary of the 2,507 faculty higher than the average salary of was $45,948. This average salary was approximately .7 percent $45,639 for all 74,123 faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the same 1993-94 public study. For the PUBLIC 1996-97 salary study in the above table, History, General was reported in 220 of the same 248 public institutions. The average salary of the 2,559 faculty was $48,905. This salary of $49,367 for all 73,979 average salary was approximately .9 percent lower than the average faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the 1996-97 public study. The three-year increase in average salaries for all faculty in the discipline/major field of History, General in the public institutions studied was 6.4 percent ($48,905 minus $45,948 equals $2,957). The CPI of increase cost-of-living between October 1993 and October 1996 was 8.6 General average percent. In comparison, with the CPI, there was a relative increase in History, faculty salaries over the three-year period by 2.2 percent or an average of .7 percent each year below the cost-of-living. The increase in average salaries for all faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS over three years in the public institutions studied was 8.2 percent ($49,367 minus $45,639 equals $3,728). In comparison to the discipline/major field of History, General (6.4%), the faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS received a relative increase in their salaries of 1.8 percent more than the faculty in the discipline/major field of History, General. In the 1993-94 study the faculty mix percentage in History, General is higher at the professor rank than at the assistant professor rank: 47.3 percent vs. 25.3 percent; and higher in the 1996-97 study, it is 44.7 percent vs. 26.3 percent. The differences in faculty mix percentage at the ranks of professor and assistant professor in ALL MAJOR FIELDS for both public studies are 34.4 percent 5 vs 29.4 percent (1993-94) and 34.3 percent vs 28.5 percent (1996-97). Finally, the hiring rate of new assistant professors in History, General in the public studies was higher than the hiring rate of ALL MAJOR FIELDS in 1993-94, 4.3 percent (107/2,507) vs 4.1 1996-97, 5.3 percent (135/2,559) vs. percent (3,055/74,123) and higher in 4.6 percent (3,394/73,979). RESULTS OF THE TWO PRIVATE STUDIES: 1993-94 AND 1996-97 The PRIVATE 1993-94 salary study in the above table indicates that the discipline/major field of History, General was reported in 279 of the 327 private institutions. The average salary of the 1,356 faculty was $45,502, an average salary .4 percent higher than the average salary of $45,301 for all 35,438 faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the 1993-94 private study. In the PRIVATE 1996-97 salary study in the above table, 283 of the same 327 private institutions reported History, General. The average salary of the 1,382 faculty was $50,122, an average salary 2.2 percent higher than the average salary of $49,753 for all 36,214 faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the 1996-97 private study. The three-year increase in average salaries for all faculty in History, General in the private institutions studied was 10.2 percent ($50,122 minus $45,502 equals $4,620). The CPI increased cost-of-livingbetween October 1993 and October 1996 was 8.6 percent. A more realistic increase, therefore, in the average faculty salaries of History, General over the three-year time period, is 1.6 percent or .5 percent each year above the cost-of-living. The three-year increase in average salaries for all faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the private institutions studied was 9.8 percent ($49,753 minus $45,301 equals $4,452). In comparison History, General (10.2%), the faculty in ALL MAJOR FIELDS increased their salaries 1.9 to percent (10.2% minus 9.8% equals .4%) less than faculty in History, General. 6 9 For both studies in the discipline/major field of History, General the faculty mix percentage 25.7 is higher at the professor rank in comparison to the assistant professor rank : 44.5 percent vs. differences in the ranks of percent (1993-94); and 46.4 percent vs 25.1 percent, (1996-97). The professor and assistant professor in ALL MAJOR FIELDS for both private studies are 33.4 percent (1996-97). vs. 31.1 percent (1993-94) and 34.3 percent vs. 30.1 percent Finally, the hiring rate for new assistant professors in History, General was the same as that (54/1,356) vs. of the hiring rate in ALL MAJOR FIELDS in the 1993-94 private study: 4.0 percent (60/1,382) vs. 4.7 4.2 percent (1,491/35,438) and lower in the 1996-97 private study: 4.3 percent percent (1,695/36,214). CONCLUSION field of This article presents salary-trend information on the academic discipline/major the CPI over History, General and compares that information with both ALL MAJOR FIELDS and of 1993-94 through the "trend year" of 1996-97. a period of three years, from the "baseline year" conducted for Two studies--one for public institutions, and the other for private institutions--were faculty in the the baseline year and for the trend year--a total of four studies. A total of 7,804 (3.6%) disciplines/major discipline/majorfield of History, General participated and were included in the 53 The same fields in each of the four studies and in the overall total of 219,754 participating faculty. participated in the 248 public institutions and the same 327 private institutions in the United States baseline year and in the trend year. several Although the public and private studies data may be interpreted in a variety of ways, faculty significant points are as follows. First, in both the public and private studies, the average above salary factors in the discipline/majorfield of History, General in 1993-94 were one percent (1.00), and the same as the average faculty salary factors for all ranks in ALL MAJOR FIELDS 7 1 0