DOCUMENT RESUME SO 024 986 ED 383 625 AUTHOR Ennals, Peter, Ed. The Canadian Maritimes: Images and Encounters. TITLE Pathways in Geography Series Resource Publication, Title No. 6. National Council for Geographic Education. INSTITUTION REPORT NO ISBN-0-962737-9-8-4 PUB DATE 93 68p.; Paper prepared for the Annual Meeting of the NOTE National Council for Geographic Education (Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, August 3-7, 1993). National Council for Geographic Education, 16-A AVAILABLE FROM Leonard Hall, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana, PA 15705 ($5). PUB TYPE Speeches/Conference Papers (150) -- Guides Non- Classroom Use (055) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC03 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Adult Education; *Area Studies; *Canadian Studies; Cross Cultural Studies; Culture; Foreign Countries; Foreign Culture; Geographic Location; *Geographic Regions; *Geography; Higher Education; Multicultural Education; *North American Culture; North American History; North Americans IDENTIFIERS *Canada (Maritime Provinces) ABSTRACT This guide covers the Canadian Maritime provinces of New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia. The first in a series prepared for geographers and those interested in travel, this guide is written by local geographers or others with special expertise on the area and provides insights and a feeling for place that textbooks often miss. This guide introduces a region outside the geographical experience of most people in the United States and of many Canadians. The complexities, joys, and challenges of this multicultural region are presented for further exploration. Part 1, "An Overview of the Region," includes: (1) "Introduction"; (2) "First People"; (3) "The Maritimes in Canadian History"; (4) "The "Physical Geography"; and (6) Environment of the Maritimes"; (5) "Environmental Problems." Part 2, "The Regions of the Maritimes," includes: (2) "'Acadian' or 'Maritimer': A Question of (1) "Acadia"; Identity and Geography" (Samuel Arsenault); (3) "Editor's Postscript"; (4) "Prince Edward Island"; (5) "Prince Edward Island: 'arden of the Gulf -The Million Acre Farm" (Peter Ennals; Frank Driscoll); (6) "Halifax"; (7) "Halifax and Its Region" (Hugh Milward); (9) "Down the Length of the (8) "The Annapolis Valley"; Annapolis Valley" (James E. Taylor); (10) "Nova Scotia's South (11) "Touring the South Shore" (Elaine F. Bosowski); (12) Shore"; "Cape Breton Island"; (13) "Cape Breton Island and the Five Themes of Geography" (Stephen Hornsby); (14) "Selected References"; and (15) "Contributors." Part 3 lists field trip itineraries for the region. Maps, charts, and drawings accompany the text. Contains 33 references and a list of contributors). (EH) The Canadian kr1 THWAYS IN GEOGRAPHY Crl :ation 00 C"r1 Maritimes: The National Council for Images and Encounters Geographic Education Edited by Peter Ennals Prepared for the annual meeting of the: National Council for Geographic Education Halifax, Nova Scotia August 3-7, 1993 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of E, -1sCalsOngl Research and improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) llNs document has been reproduced , eceived I rom the person or organization origtnaling it 0 Minor changes have been made to +miff owe reproduction Quality Points ot we./ Or opimons ;Inlet:1.n this doe, men) do not necessarily represent official OERI position or colic), "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS M RIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." O AVAILABLE BEST COPY 2 Titles in the PATHWAYS IN GEOGRAPHY Series Gersmehl, Philip J., 1991. The Language of Maps. 1. Andrews, Sona Karentz; Otis-Wilborn, Amy; and Messenheimer-Young, Trinka, 1991. 2. Beyond Seeing and Hearing: Teaching Geography to Sensory Impaired Children An Integrated Based Curriculum Approcch. Waterstone, Marvin, 1992. Water in the Global Environment. 3. Martinson, Tom L. and Brooker-Gross, Susan R., editors, 1992. Revisiting the Americas: Teaching and 4. Learning the Geography of the Western Hemisphere. An LeVasseur, Michal, 1993. Finding A Way: Encouraging Underrepresented Gyoups in Geography 5. Annotated Bibliography. A PATHWAYS Resource Publication Ennals, Peter, 1993. The Canadian Maritimes: Images and Encounters. 6. Special Publications Advisory Board Janice Monk, Editor of Special Publications, University of Arizona John E. l3enhart, Shippensburg University of Pennsylvania Carolyn Prorok, Slippery Rock University, Pennsylvania National Council for Geographic Education Officers 1993 Douglas A. Phillips, President, Anchorage School District, Alaska Michael Libbee, Past President, Central Michigan State University M. Duane Nellis, Vice President, Research and External Relations, Kansas State University Edward A. Fernald, Vice President, Curriculum and Instruction, Florida State University Martha "' Sharma, Vice President, Publications and Products, National Cathedral School, Washington, DC James F. Petersen, Vice President, Finance, Southwest Texas State University Sandra Pritchard, Recording Secretary, West Chester University, Pennsylvania Ruth I. Shirey, Executive Director, Indiana University of Pennsylvania National Council for Geographic Education 16A Leonard Hall Indiana University of Pennsylvania Indiana, Pennsylvania 15705 ©1993 The Canadian A PATHWAYS N GEOGRAPHY Resource Publication Maritimes: Images and Encounters The National Council for Geographic Education Edited by Peter Ennals Ti E PATHWAYS 1N GEOGRAPHY series has Prepared for the annual meeting of the: been created by the Special Publications Advisory National Council for Geographic Education Board of the National Council for Geographic Education to support the teaching and learning of Halifax, Nova Scotia themes, concepts, and sldlls in geography at all August 3-7, 1993 levels of instruction. 4 Canadian Maritimes: Images and Encounters PATHWAYS IN GEOGRAPHY Series Title No. 6 The Canadian Maritimes: Images and Encounters Edited by Peter Ennals Copyright ©1993 by the National Council for Geographic Education. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the publisher. Materials may be copied by educators for classroom use only without obtaining permission. For information about this title or about the series: National Council for Geographic Education 16A Leonard Hall, Indiana University of Pennsylvania Indiana, PA 15705 ISBN 0-9627379-8-4 5 Printed in the United States of America. 11 9 Canadian Maritimes: Images and Encounters Foreword Annual meetings of the National Council for Geographic Education offer many opportunities for By attending, geographic Images and Encounters. educators express their enthusiasm for travel, make and renew friendships with colleagues, and share ideas about teaching. With the goal of making these meetings even more enjoyable and useful, the Special Publications Advisory Board is initiating a series of guides to the regions and places where we gather. Each will be written by local geographers or others with special expertise on the area, providing insights and a feeling for place that textbooks often miss. We hope they will become a resource for educators who do not attend the meeting as well as those who do. We are especially pleased that our colleagues in the Canadian Maritimes agreed to prepare this first volume, which treats a region outside the geographical experience of most people in the United States and of many Canadians. In the pages that follow, they introduce you to the complexities, joys, and challenges of this multicultural regio 1. Janice Monk Editor, Special Publications 6 iii Canadian lviaritimes: Images and Encounters Preface First, for a variety of reasons, none of which are very The Maritime region is generally assumed to clear, Maritime Canada has failed to embrace the consist of the three Canadian provinces of New modem academic discipline of geography. Only three of Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova the regions's 17 university campuses have departments Some regard the Gaspe region of Scotia. of geography; all of these arrived on the scene as Quebec, which shares a similar history and recently as the 1970s and none has a faculty complement geography, to be part of the region as well. exceeding five. This situation stands in stark contrast to Canadians also use the term "Atlantic Canada" the strong tradition of academic geography in the rest of but this is specifically a reference to the greater Canada. The weakness observed at the university level regional construct consisting of the Maritimes, is mirrored in large part in the public schools realm as Newfoundland, and Labrador. well. Geographers are not alone in seeking to find interesting Inevitably then, there have been severe limits to the locations to hold their conferences. My friends in the number of individuals who might be drafted into the medical and pharmaceutical professions are forever heading to proftmional meeting in the Caribbean or organization of this conference, let alone producing a to a contribution some other equally exotic location just at the time when written significant guidebook. Nevertheless this volume is a cooperative effort of a winter's blahs seem most pronounced. No doubt they number of people. Exacerbating the challenge has been dutifully attend paper presentations and earnestly discuss of the fact that few of the contributors know each other, nor intricacies surgical new latest the technique, therapeutic compound, or whatever, but I have never have there been opportunities to get together to develop a shared model of how the guide might be constructed known them to return with any new insight on the places Indeed apart from boldly striking out for they visited. and written. What follows has been produced by a series of arm's length relationships persuasively brought to a the golf course or a day of marlin fishing, I am not sure resolution by the organizing committee and the editor. they absorb much beyond the hotel and airport lobby. the range and This undoubtedly maligns In this sense, whatever merits there be in what follows unfairly curiosity of many of our diversity of intellectual are due to the hard work and insight of the contributors, and whatever shortcoming arise can undoubtedly be colleagues in other fields, but it does underscore one of the profound habits of mind of those who make blamed on the editor. More often than not, we geography their calling. rationalize our attendance at a conference precisely This guidebook assumes that a significant number of those who will be attending this conference will have because it provides an opportunity to see the country, to explore off the track, and to extend our teaching arranged to travel to Halifax by car, perhaps with family members. For others, the opportunity to see a little of collection of 35mm slides. As my colleague Ted Reiph the region may be constrained by what can notes in the preface to The Toronto Guide produced for be 1990 Annual Meeting of of accomplished by a day or two with a rented car before, the the Association or after, the conference itself. We have tried as much as American Geographers: possible to respond to an audience who may have to Reality deserves at least as much attention as make difficult choices about where to go and what to theory and there is no better way to discover see. Readers must also appreciate that the guide has not what a place is like than direct observation. provided an equal or complete coverage of the entire But exploration is time consuming and There is little coverage of New Maritime region. Hence there brief. are conferences are Brunswick, apart from Sam Arseneault's essay on guidebooks. Acadian identity. This is an unfortunate deficiency since New Brunswick overlooked by The task of producing a guidebook for this conference too frequently is has proved an interesting travellers bent on reaching the better know destinations challenge. helps to It of Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island. understand the context in which it has been created. New Canadian Maritimes: Images and Encounters Brunswick's byways are as interesting and scenic as Readers are advised that most bookstores in the region will feature a section on local publications. However those elsewhere in the region and they warrant coast from Amherst, through Truro and Antigonish to Canso, visitors may want to visit A Pair of Trindles, a bookstore located in the Old Red Store section of the Historic and the coastal stretch from Canso to Halifax are not Properties development on the Halifax waterfront. This treated. store is devoted to Canadian books exclusively and The volume contains separate sections that relate to the carries a large stock. trips being organized as part of the specific field One dividend of this project is that this Thanks are due to all of the contributors who responded conference. guidebook may find an audience among those unable to without hesitation and who were remarkably attentive to deadlines. All of us are indebted to Ben Ouellette, the attend the conference. Given the already noted paucity of working and teaching geographers in the Maritime cartographer in the Department of Geography at Saint is very likely that this volume will be of region, it Mary's University for producing a series of maps on Special thanks go to Janice Monk, the interest to Canadian teachers whose access to curricular short notice. it comes to spare when Acting Editor of Publications for the NCGE, who has materials surprisingly is interpreting this part of Canada. made valuable suggestions regarding the shape and style of this volume. Finally Stuart Semple, Hugh Millward, is organized so as to provide an The guide itself James Boxall, John Trites and Sylvia Mc Burney have introductory overview of the region's economic and played a significant role in this project. They were the social history and its physical geography. Thereafter, a ones who accepted the challenge of generating such a series of sub-regional sections illuminate distinctive volume and through them many of the contributors were parts of the region. The reader is invited to read the recruited. A shared endeavour can be very satisfying introduction and then select the regional chapters that and I trust that all who had a hand in this venture will might be visited en route, or as extra -mural side trips. In feel the final product reflects the region we all love, and that it will offer visitors a chance to capture a bit of our the interests of readability, we have chosen not to burden the text with footnotes and references. A selection of enthusiasm. useful published works on the region is appended. Peggy's Cove, Nova Scotia 8 vi t Canadian Maritimes: hnages and Encounters te C s Fore word iii Preface vii Contents Part I: An Overview of the Region 1 Introduction 1 First People 1 The Maritimes in Canadian History 2 The Environment of the Maritimes 5 Physical Geography 5 Environmental Problems 8 Part H: The Regions of the Maritimes 9 Acadia 9 "Acadian" or "Maritimer": A Question of Identity and Geography 9 Editor's Postscript 12 Prince Edward Island 13 Prince Edward Island: Garden of the Gulf The Million Acre Farm 13 Halifax 16 Halifax and its Region 16 The Annapolis Valley 23 Down the Length of the Annapolis Valley 23 Nova Scotia's South Shore 27 Touring the South Shore 27 Cape Breton Island 31 Cape Breton Island and the Five Themes of Geography 31 Selected References 34 Contributors 36 Part III: Field Trip Itineraries 37 vii 9 " 4 0 b ° ° , 8 r 5 6 4 ° 7 l 4 4 4 C 1 k y . e 9 " n % 0 I ' d 6 0 y h 4 S ' t ; O 3 d y e r 9 e o n l n 9 b d 1 N a y . a 1 S l : s S J R I y . 3 r 1 u b s e 1 O n ( " , a 0 o s 1 r 1 H d i t 6 s o n t r t r r a H o A l h P e g p i a H C n 0 e $ i 5 1 k c n 1 e f 1 r l u f w e " 1 o a 2 G s n a ) 6 d l d c 1 e N i L o n e e e r W o 0 a b 1 o d l W . l e O e s h t I S T u d s d S d E Q o e a r T o a o ( M l T W I D w O d , d e L R E n E u R u ) A a g L o A s e b n H f u c W r B D i o n C s r e a t i n ° r 4 N b D C A 3 P r e r k T e 5 c , A E r . L h o . 1 . t L p o I E 9 S m A 9 l C a 1 I h V n ( N 1 : o % k 1 I A n i i R n , t 0 1 e o g ( 2 1 I P X r 1 i N l F > 1 l A l I F P I L a A n r ' O 4 a l H a u 6 r 1 d i s d 4 e e C n a 1 I i l 1 S n c r 1 a A e . . u . V , P f y l e g ' o t e W e u u e c l o 4 E I q b 3 l k a e i o V . h r n 3 i i y h c u o t s u d - k t c c - e o n i n , n K u p H o F s c " M s o 5 e K x a 1 6 e d G s r s k m u S a a h l n t h a e h o d K C J C l e n i l I a u y W n W S b o s u i l n E S r l ) e ( i " N N b n 6 p e 1 6 U m P R u C B . I L w b L / A M 0 4 $ u E w E r u o M ) N o t p A r e " c I a b f 8 p a E S l n I f 6 M o u f o A t U o i H - G a u M ( d M -