DOCUMENT RESUME TM 021 083 ED 366 658 High School Education and Labor Market Outcomes of TITLE Month. Diploma and GED Graduates. Indicator of the (Er), National Center for Education Statistics INSTITUTION Washington, DC. NCES-94-404 REPORT NO Jan 94 PUB DATE Condition of 4p.; Indicator extracted from "The NOTE Education, 1993"; see ED 357 513. Ave., Carol Sue Framboluti, 555 New Jersey AVAILABLE FROM of this Washington, DC 20208 (for camera ready copy Indicator). Statistical Data (110) PUB TYPE MF01/PC01 Plus Postage. EDRS PRICE Educational Dropouts; *Educational Attainment; DESCRIPTORS Equivalency Tests; Trends; *Employment Patterns; Programs; Higher Education; High School Equivalency *Labor *High School Graduates; High Schools; Income; Differences; Market; *Outcomes of Education; Sex Trend Analysis; Young Adults Educational Iadicators; *General Educational IDENTIFIERS Survey of Development Tests; National Longitudinal Youth ABSTRACT outcomes Differences in education and labor market high school at different ages and by across groups completing compared with receiving a different means (e.g., by graduation as diploma) may be due to a variety of general education development influence a person to leave school factors, including all those that estimate of the value of early. For an early school-leaver, an between outcomes of those completing high school is the difference Education Development (GED) who have either passed the General who have not completed examination or gone back to school and those with a GED were more likely to high school. By 1990, young adults fourth year of high school than other have attended either a third or those who did not attain a high dropouts. For both males and females, do as well as a group in the school diploma before age 20 did not who took advantage of a second labor market as thos who did. Females had higher annual earnings chance to complete high school usually who received a diploma or GED than those who did not, and tirose employed. Two tables and three before age 20 were more likely to be trends in employment. (SW graphs illustrate these findings anu *********************************************************************** that can be made Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office 03 Educational Rsearch and improvement E000ØLTIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) his document his been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. O Minor changes have been mad* to improve reproduction duality Points of view or opnions stated m this docu- ment do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy EDUCATION AND LABOR MARKET OUTCOMES OF HIGH SCHOOL DIPLOMA AND GED GRADUATES National Center for Education Statistics Indicator of the Month, January 1994 0,4 2 BEST COPY 777.77. --1:77WQ*, .7.7.K7,:=7:17-7757. , NATIONAL CENTER FOR EDUCATION STATISTICS Education and labor market outcomes of high school diploma and GED graduates January 1994 Individuals who leave early can still complete high school, either by passing the General Education Development (GED) exam or by returning to school to complete requirements for the diploma. Differences In education and labor market outcomes across groups completing high school at First, they can be different ages and by different means may be due to a variety of factors. influenced by the same characteristics, circumstances, or experiences that influence whether a person leaves school early. Second they are affected by differences in the amount and quality of the education received. For an early school-leaver, an estimate of the value of completing high school is the difference between the outcomes of those who have either passed The GED or gone back to school and those who have not compieted. . By 1990, young adults with a GED were more likely to have attended either a third or fourth year of high school than other dropouts. For both males and females, young adults who did not attain a high school diploma before age 20 (as a group) did not do as well in the labor market as those who did attain it. Generally, females who took advantage of a second (lance to complete high school had higher annual earnings than females who did not return to complete. Among young adult females, time who received a GED or high school diploma before age 20 were far more likely to be employed than those who did not complete. Education and labor market outcomes of 25- to 33-year-olds with no more than 2 years of college attendance, by high school completion status and age at time of completion: 1990 Females Males Not- Diploma DiPloma GED GED Not- Diploma Diploma GED GED before age 20 comp- age 20 before before age 20 comp- before age 20 ieted age 20 or after or after age 20 leted age 20 or after age 20 or after Education outcomes Average AFQT* percentile 20 42 30 22 20 43 40 33 45 25 score in 1980 Percent who attended: 84 97 93 96 94 84 2nd year of high school 62 90 73 85 88 3rd year of high school 60 69 53 59 34 31 4th year of high school 74 8 50 33 46 25 5 1st of college 46 44 30 31 9 2 5 16 9 2nd year of college 18 18 15 12 1 Percent receMng: 0 6 0 3 5 Associate's degree 5 2 1 1 1 Labor market outcomes 52 69 64 76 63 86 83 Percent employed 94 87 91 9 9 9 5 9 4 4 7 Percent unemployed 7 7 35 30 23 29 36 39 37 Average weeks worked in 1990 46 48 41 3 4 3 2 2 2 3 Average years on current Job 4 4 2 8,925 12,379 13,772 12,159 14,217 16,665 18,146 Median annual earnings 15,998 24,427 19,261 36 9 26 24 23 14 4 12 Percent below the poverty line 18 21 Not applicable 'Scores on the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT). The AFQT is a general measure of ability to benefit from training and a primary criterion of enlistment eligibility for the U.S. Armed Forces. II) to SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Lonotudinal Survey of Youth, 1990. Office of Educational Nommen and improvmont iU.S. Departm.nt of Education NCES 94-404 3 rt. BEST COPY AVAILABLE yetis Achievement and labor market outcomes of 25- to 33- year-olds with no more than of college attendance, by high school completion status and age at time of graduation Distribution of percentile scores on Armed Forces Qualification Test: 1980 Percentile score Percentile score Males Females 100 100 80 80 60 60 40 40 20 20 If 0 GED GED Not Diploma Diploma GED Not GED Diplo.ma Diplo.ma before age 20 before before age 20 age 20 age 20 completed before completed orafter age 20 or after age 20 age 20 or atter or after age 20 Percent unemployed: 1990 Males Females Percent I 10 I 8 6 4 2 GED GED Not GED GED Diploma Diploma Not DiPloma DiPkorna age 20 age 20 completed before before before before age 20 completed age 20 or after or after age 29 age 29 or after age 20 age 29 or after Median annual earnings: 1990 $30,000 $30,000 Females Males 25,000 25,000 7 20,000 20,000 7 15,000 15,000 10,000 10,000 III 7 5,000 5,000 0 0 . , GED Not Diploma Diploma GED GED Not GED Diploma Diploma before before age 20 completed age 20 completed age 20 age 20 before before age 20 or after age 20 or after or after or after age 20 age 20 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Lobo( Bureau of Labor Statistics, National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. 1990. This Indicator is extracted from Ihe Condition of Education, 7993. It is In the public domain and all or part may be reproduced with appropriate cite. Suggested Citation: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, The Condition of Education, 1993, Washington, D.C.: 1993. For Information on obtaining camera ready copy, please contact Carol Sue Frombolutl at 555 New Jersey Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20208, (202) 219-1672, To obtain a copy of the full volume of 7he Condition of Education, call the Government Printing Office Order and information Desk at (202) 783-3238, order number S/N 065-000-00584-1. United States Postage and Fees Paid Department of Education U.S. Department of Education Washington, DC 20208-5650 Permit No. G-17 FIRST CLASS Official Business Penalty for Private Use, $300