Epistemic Injustice and the Philosophy of Recognition This volume includes original essays that examine the underexplored relationship between recognition theory and key developments in critical social epistemology. Its aims are to explore how far certain kinds of epis- temic injustice, epistemic oppression, and types of ignorance can be understood as distorted varieties of recognition and to determine whether contemporary work on epistemic injustice and critical social epistemol- ogy more generally have significant continuities with theories of recogni- tion in the Frankfurt School tradition. Part I of the book focuses on bringing recognition theory and critical social epistemology into direct conversation. Part II is devoted to analysing a range of case studies that are evocative of contemporary social struggles. The essays in this volume propose answers to a number of thought- provoking questions at the intersection of these two robust philosophical subfields, such as the following: how well can different types of epistemic injustice be understood as types of recognition abuses? How useful is it to approach different forms of social oppression as recognition of injus- tices and/or as involving epistemic injustice? What limitations do we dis- cover in either or both recognition theory and the ever-expanding literature on epistemic injustice when we put them into conversation with each other? How does the conjunction of these two accounts bear on specific domains, such as questions of silencing? Epistemic Injustice and the Philosophy of Recognition heralds new directions for future research that will appeal to scholars and students working in critical social epistemology, social and political theory, conti- nental philosophy, and a wide range of critical social theories. Paul Giladi is a Senior Lecturer in Philosophy at Manchester Metropolitan University, where he is on the Steering Group of the Research Network for the Study of Race and Racism. He is also the co-director of the Naturalism, Modernity, and Civilization International Research Network. Giladi has published numerous articles in leading philosophy journals and edited collections on Hegel, pragmatism, critical social theory, femi- nism, and contemporary Anglo-American philosophy. He is also the editor of Responses to Naturalism: Critical Perspectives from Idealism and Pragmatism (Routledge, 2019) and the editor of Hegel and the Frankfurt School (Routledge, 2020). Nicola McMillan was awarded her PhD in philosophy at the University of Lancaster in 2017. Her thesis was awarded the 2018 Political Studies Association Sir Ernest Barker Prize for political theory. She co-edited a 2018 special issue of Feminist Philosophy Quarterly with Paul Giladi on epistemic injustice and recognition theory. McMillan now works for the National Institute of Health Research in the United Kingdom, where she currently manages Join Dementia Research, a service that supports the UK public in volunteering for dementia and brain health research. Routledge Studies in Contemporary Philosophy Perspectives on Taste Aesthetics, Language, Metaphysics, and Experimental Philosophy Edited by Jeremy Wyatt, Julia Zakkou, and Dan Zeman A Referential Theory of Truth and Falsity Ilhan Inan Existentialism and the Desirability of Immortality Adam Buben Recognition and the Human Life-Form: Beyond Identity and Difference Heikki Ikäheimo Autonomy, Enactivism, and Mental Disorder A Philosophical Account Michelle Maiese The Philosophy of Fanaticism Epistemic, Affective, and Political Dimensions Edited by Leo Townsend, Ruth Rebecca Tietjen, Hans Bernhard Schmid, and Michael Staudigl Mental Action and the Conscious Mind Edited by Michael Brent and Lisa Miracchi Titus Epistemic Injustice and the Philosophy of Recognition Edited by Paul Giladi and Nicola McMillan Evolutionary Debunking Arguments Ethics, Philosophy of Religion, Philosophy of Mathematics, Metaphysics, and Epistemology Edited by Diego E. Machuca For more information about this series, please visit: https://www.rout- ledge.com/Routledge-Studies-in-Contemporary-Philosophy/book-series/ SE0720 Epistemic Injustice and the Philosophy of Recognition Edited by Paul Giladi and Nicola McMillan First published 2023 by Routledge 605 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10158 and by Routledge 4 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2023 selection and editorial matter, Paul Giladi and Nicola McMillan; individual chapters, the contributors The right of Paul Giladi and Nicola McMillan to be identified as the authors of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this title has been requested ISBN: 978-1-138-35171-4 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-032-28483-5 (pbk) ISBN: 978-0-429-43513-3 (ebk) DOI: 10.4324/9780429435133 Typeset in Sabon by SPi Technologies India Pvt Ltd (Straive) To Trans Lives Matter and to Black Lives Matter Contents Acknowledgements xi List of Contributors xii Preface: Toward a Sociology of Social Critiques xvii LUCIUS TURNER OUTLAW JR. Introduction: Starting the Conversation 1 NICOLA MCMILLAN PART I Recognition Theory and Critical Social Epistemology in Conversation 9 1 Two Interpretations of Social Disrespect: A Comparison between Epistemic and Moral Recognition 11 AXEL HONNETH 2 A Fourth Order of Recognition? Accounting for Epistemic Injustice in Recognition Theory 36 DANIELLE PETHERBRIDGE 3 Gadamer, Fricker, and Honneth: Testimonial Injustice, Prejudice, and Social Esteem 63 CYNTHIA R. NIELSEN AND DAVID UTSLER 4 Recognising Disempowerment: Taking the ‘Merely Experienced’ Seriously 88 LOIS MCNAY