Envisioning ExpEriEncE in LatE antiquity and thE MiddLE agEs This page has been left blank intentionally Envisioning Experience in Late antiquity and the Middle ages dynamic patterns in texts and images Edited by gisELLE dE niE thoMas F.x. nobLE © giselle de nie and Thomas F.x. noble 2012 all rights reserved. no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or trans- mitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher. giselle de nie and Thomas F.x. noble have asserted their right under the copyright, designs and patents act, 1988, to be identified as the editors of this work. published by ashgate publishing Limited ashgate publishing company Wey court East suite 420 union road 101 cherry street Farnham burlington surrey, gu9 7pt vt 05401-4405 England usa www.ashgate.com British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Envisioning experience in Late antiquity and the Middle ages : dynamic patterns in texts and images. 1. imagery (psychology) 2. recollection (psychology) 3. imagination (philosophy) 4. Emotions and cognition-- history–to 1500. 5. psychology and art–history–to 1500. 6. psychology and literature–history–to 1500. 7. christian art and symbolism–to 500. 8. christian art and symbolism–Medieval, 500-1500. i. nie, giselle de. ii. noble, Thomas F. x. 701.1ꞌ5ꞌ0902-dc23 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Envisioning experience in late antiquity and the Middle ages : dynamic patterns in texts and images / [edited by] giselle de nie and Thomas F.x. noble. p. cm. includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 978-1-4094-3948-6 (hardcover) 1. arts, Medieval--Themes, motives. 2. arts--psychological aspects. 3. imagery (psychology) in literature. 4. art and literature--history--to 1500. i. nie, giselle de. ii. noble, Thomas F. x. nx449.E58 2012 700.9ꞌ02--dc23 2011044436 isbn 9781409439486 (hbk) V isbn 9781409446217 (ebk) printed and bound in great britain by the Mpg books group, uK Contents List of Figures vii List of Contributors ix Introduction 1 1 Movement and Miracle in Michael Psellos’s Account of the Blachernae Icon of the Theotokos 9 Charles Barber 2 Images, A Daydream, and Heavenly Sounds in the Carolingian Era: Walahfrid Strabo and Maura of Troyes 23 Thomas F.X. Noble 3 Moving Pictures: Dante and Botticelli (Purgatorio 10, 12, 28–33) and the Millennial Celebration of St Romuald’s Martyrdom (Malines, 1775) 47 Karl F. Morrison 4 Image as Insight in Joachim of Fiore’s Figurae 93 Bernard McGinn 5 Concordius’s Dream-Discovery of a Healing Saint 119 Giselle de Nie 6 Beyond Word and Image: Aural Patterning in Augustine’s Confessions 143 Catherine Conybeare Index 165 This page has been left blank intentionally List of Figures 1.1 Crucifixion and Saints. Sinai, Monastery of St. Catherine 11 1.2 Marian Icons and Christ's Miracles (detail). Sinai, Monastery of St. Catherine 15 3.1 Sandro Botticelli, Illustration to Dante’s The Divine Comedy, Purgatory XII: Images of punishment for pride; the angel at the steps to the second circle. After 1480 58 3.2 Sandro Botticelli, Illustration to Dante’s The Divine Comedy, Purgatory XXXII: The Earthly Paradise; the tree of knowledge and the historical fate of the Church. After 1480 72 3.3 Sandro Botticelli, Illustration to Dante’s The Divine Comedy, Purgatory X: First circle, the marble reliefs (“The Three Humilities”); penitence of the proud. After 1480 79 3.4 Girolomo Fabrizio (Hieronymus Fabricius ab Aquapendente, 1537–1619), De Visione, Voce, et auditu (Venice: Francesco Bolzetta, 1600) 82 3.5 St. Romuald destroys pagan images and erects a Christian one, the Cross; scenes from Romuald’s life 86 3.6 The Triumph of the Church, a powerful contrast with Dante’s portrayal of the spiritual corruption of the historical Church, as illustrated by Botticelli 88 3.7 Popular games, engravings bound into the Prael-treyn as a supplement to the engravings of official floats and displays of ruling corporations 90 4.1 Psalterium decem cordarum from the Liber Figurarum. Oxford, Corpus Christi College, MS 225a, fol. 8r. 102 This page has been left blank intentionally List of Contributors Charles Barber is Professor of Medieval Art History, and chair of the department of Art, Art History, and Design at the University of Notre Dame. His most recent book is Contesting the Art of Painting (2007). He has authored and edited several other volumes and his articles and essays have appeared in numerous books and periodicals. Catherine Conybeare is Associate Professor and director of the graduate group in Classics at Bryn Mawr College. Her book The Irrational Augustine appeared in 2006. She continues to work on Augustine and also on Cicero’s philosophical dialogues. Giselle de Nie was Senior Lecturer in the history faculty of the University of Utrecht. Author of a deeply original book on Gregory of Tours and of many articles, her Poetics of Wonder: Testimonies of the New Christian Miracles in the Late Antique Latin World will appear in 2012. Bernard McGinn is the Naomi Shenstone Donnelly Professor Emeritus in the Divinity School of the University of Chicago. Although he has published widely on the history of Christian thought, McGinn is acknowledged to be the premier student of Christian mysticism. Karl F. Morrison is the Lessing Professor of History and Poetics at Rutgers University. Author of eight books and editor of several more, Morrison is currently completing a book on the hypothetical end of Christian art. Thomas F.X. Noble is Professor of History at the University of Notre Dame. His last book, Images, Iconoclasm, and the Carolingians (2009), won the Gründler Prize from the Medieval Institute of Western Michigan University. He is now preparing a monograph on Rome in the Medieval Imagination.