FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND RENEWABLE ENERGY ENREN98 7-10 September 1998, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia ORGANIZED BY: UNIVERSITY OF ROME "TOR VERGATA", FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, ITALY and MONGOLIAN TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY, MONGOLIA ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND RENEWABLE ENERGY EDITORS: Renato Gavasci University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy Sarantuyaa Zandaryaa Mongolian Technical University, Mongolia ENREN'98 Proceedings of the First International Conference on "Environmental Engineering and Renewable Energy" 7-10 September 1998, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 1998 ELSEVIER Amsterdam - Lausanne - New York - Oxford - Shannon - Singapore - Tokyo ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND RENEWABLE ENERGY Proceedings of the First International Conference on "Environmental Engineering and Renewable Energy", 7-10 September 1998, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia EDITORS: Renato Gavasci Sarantuyaa Zandaryaa Department of Civil Engineering Department of Sanitary Engineering University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Mongolian Technical University Via di Tor Vergata Baga Toiruu, 34 00133 Rome Ulaanbaatar, 210646 ITALY MONGOLIA E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Published by ELSEVIER SCIENCE Ltd The Boulevard, Langford Lane Kidlington, Oxford 0X5 1GB, U.K Copyright © 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means; electronic, magnetic tape, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without permission in writing from the publishers. First edition 1998 Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record from the Library of Congress has been applied for. British Library of Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record from the Library of Congress has been applied for. ISBN: 0 08 0430 066 This book has been printed by the support of: Italian Ministry of University, Scientific and Technological Research National Research Council - CNR, Italy Italian National Agency for New Technology, Energy and the Environment - ENEA, Italy The Editors do not assume any responsibility to the contents of the papers published in the foregoing proceedings. The responsibility is solely of the respective authors. Printed in Rome, Italy, by Graflca'86 July, 1998 We acknowledge the courtesy of Prof. Ch. Dagshigdorj for Mongolian classic script "Environmental Engineering and Renewable Energy" on the front cover. ORGANIZED BY: University of Rome "Tor Vergata" Mongolian Technical University SPONSORED BY: 1 III Italian Republic Mongolia Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Division of Ministry of Nature and the Environment, Cultural Cooperation, Italy Ministry of Infrastructure Development Ministry of University, Scientific and Technological Research, Italy Mongolian Academy of Sciences Ministry of the Environment, Italy Institute for Renewable Energy Ministry of Public Works, Italy Institute for Physics and Technology Superior Council for Public Works, Italy University of Rome "La Sapienza", Italy University of Basilicata, Italy University of Trieste, Italy ANDIS - Italian National Association of Sanitary Engineering © Italian National Agency for Italian National Research Council New Technology, Energy and the Environment CNR UNESCO /IHtalia Italian Airlines MIAT Mongolian Airlines HONORARY COMMITTEE SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE M. ENKHSAIKHAN Alessandro FINAZZI AGRÖ, Chairman Prime Minister of Mongolia University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy D. NYAMDAVAA Sereeter BATMUNKH, Chairman Minister of Infrastructure Development, Mongolia Mongolian Technical University, Mongolia Ts. ADYASUREN Chilhaajavyn AVDAI Minister of Nature and the Environment, Mongolia Mongolian Technical University, Mongolia Lamberto DINI B. CHADRA Minister of Foreign Affairs, Italy Academy of Sciences, Mongolia Edo RONCHI S. DORJKHAND Minister of Environment, Italy Institute for Physics and Technology, Mongolia Giovanni BERLINGUER Sonia M. Fontes MOREIRA Minister of University, Scientific and Technological CONDER Governmental Co., Bahia, Brazil Research, Italy Renato GAVASCI University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy Paolo COSTA Minister of Public Works, Italy Alfredo LIBERATORI Committee for Environmental Sciences, CNR, Italy Lucio BIANCO M. LIGDEN President, National Council of Research, CNR, Institute for Renewable Energy, Mongolia Italy R. MERSKY B. CHADRA Widener University, USA President, Academy of Sciences, Mongolia Augusto PANÀ Aurelio MISITI University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy President, Superior Council of Public Works Guglielmo SILVAGNI Dendevin BAD ARCH University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy Rector, Mongolian Technical University Giordano URBINI Alessandro FINAZZIAGRÖ University ofPavia, Italy Rector, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy Juergen VEHLOW Franco MACERI Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Germany Dean, Faculty of Engineering, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Zagd BINDERIYA Director, Civil Engineering School, Mongolian Donato ABRUZZESE, Chairman Technical University, Mongolia University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy Chimidyn DAGSHIGDORJ Sarantuyaa ZANDARYAA, Chairman Mongolian Technical University, Mongolia Head, Architectural Department, Mongolian Radnaa NAIDANDORJ Technical University, Mongolia Mongolian Technical University, Mongolia Kh. BEKHBAT Ch. NATSAGDORJ Ambassador of Mongolia in France Mongolian Technical University, Mongolia Aldo COLLEONI Alessandra POLETTINI Honorary Consul of Mongolia in Italy University of Rome "La Sapienza", Italy Chuluuny BATJARGAL Barnasangiin PUREVSUREN President, Mongolia-Italy Association Institute for Chemistry, M.A.S, Mongolia Marina TESAURO University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Italy Emanuele TOZZO Committee for Engineering Sciences, CNR, Italy A. TSOGT Ministry of Infrastructure Development, Mongolia PREFACE This book contains the papers presented at the First International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Renewable Energy held in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia in September 1998. The main aim of the conference was to give an opportunity to scientists, experts and researchers from different fields to convene to discuss environmental and energy problems and to be informed about the state-of-art. Today environmental protection is increasingly becoming a matter of a great concern all over the world since the tendency towards the sustainable development is growing. The main concept of the sustainable development is to fulfill the demand of today's generation ensuring the needs for the next generations. Hence, sustainable development requires sound use and a management of the environmental, research and development in technologies with low environmental impact and a promotion of the use of renewable sources. Renewable energies are the only environmentally benign sources of energy and available at any site and any time of the year. Moreover, the utilization of renewable sources of energy can contribute part to the increasing energy demand and advance the improvement of life standards in rural areas, where it is difficult to establish a permanent connection with central electricity systems. Application and adoption of emerging renewable energy technologies in rural and remote areas cannot be successful without transfer of knowledge, information and know-how. Environmental engineering involves research and application of technologies to minimize the undesirable impact on the environment. In recent years there has been a growing interest in environmental engineering problems to focus on theoretical and experimental studies on atmospheric pollution, water management and treatment, waste treatment, disposal and management. An important issue of this joint conference will certainly contribute a progress in scientific and technical fields of environmental engineering and renewable energy, to represent a valid basis for future research collaboration. A particular consideration is for the contributions, which are printed in this Proceedings, from experts in different fields and from different countries. The contributions are grouped into the sections: Sustainable Development and Environmental Protection, Renewable Energy, Air Pollution Control, Water Management, Water and Wastewater Treatment, and Solid and Hazardous Waste Management. Editors are grateful to authors of the papers and to participants of the conference for their cooperation and support. Moreover, our special thanks to all the members of the Scientific Committee and the Organizing Committee for their help and cooperative work, which were essential for the organization of the conference. Finally, we are grateful to the University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Mongolian Technical University, and other institutions for their encouragement and patronage to the conference. The Editors July 1998 iii TOR VERGATA The most important aim of University is to promote the scientific research and to encourage the collaboration among scientists and with the society at large, in order to make faster the application of new technologies. The university core duty is to stimulate the scientists, experts and technologists towards the exploitation of technological application by research and knowledge transfer. In this line as the Rector of the University "Tor Vergata" of Rome, I am happy that the cooperation between our university and the Mongolian Technical University, which started two years ago, brought about the organization of this interesting meeting, involving scientists and experts from many countries of the world. This meeting gives an opportunity to people from different fields and countries to gather together and to discuss environmental problems. It is more significant nowadays since the environmental problem is becoming one of the greatest issues all around the world, both in industrialized and developing countries. I hope that this meeting will be the starting point for many new collaborations in the near future. Alessandro FINAZZI AGRO' The Rector of the University of Rome "Tor Vergata" IV MTU It is a great honor for me to welcome you at "our" Conference in Mongolia. The cooperation of the MTU and the University of Rome "Tor Vergata" did not start by chance. Both Universities have made a great effort to encourage the cooperation between professors. This Flagship event of the mutual cooperation of both universities is a product of the active involvement of specialists from two countries. The debate will aim to disclose the current state-of-art and to project the trends for new developments in environmentally clean technology and renewable energy, which will surpass the threshold of the 21th century and lead the society in the future technology. Sustainable development implies conserving the natural environment while improving living standards for its human inhabitants. However, over the last few decades, Mongolian government aimed to undergo rapid modernization. The industrialization brought to the untouched lands of Chinggis Khan in 20th century was a milestone in the history of the Mongols. Along with the growth of the national economy, the infrastructure, one of its integral part has extensively developed, including health care, education. Simultaneously, the by-products of economic development, particularly pollution and urbanization, threaten the integrity of the environment and the stability of social and cultural institutions. Today, in transition to the market economy, we must have a vision for sustainable development for the 21th century. This includes ideas like appropriate technologies, business catalysis and alternative technologies. We hope that this Conference would contribute to the formulation of the science and technology policy for the next millenium. Dendevin BAD ARCH The Rector of the Mongolian Technical University Solar Energy is a peaceful form of energy in its nature and common wealth to all the planet population. Mongolia is one of few countries the Government officially supported the decision to provide power for almost all nomadic families using Renewable Energy Sources. These nomads provide the main sector of the national Economy with their livestock production. The first step is to provide them with domestic electricity supply for lighting, radio, TV set of nomadic families and rural administrator centers by Renewable Energy. Mongolia attributes great importance to environmental protection and collaborates with other countries in the field of Energy and Environmental planning for sustainable rural development. I hope that the First International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Renewable Energy will help in decision of the above issues, the enhancement of the scientific research in the areas of renewable energy and education in this vital field of Mongolia. Prof. B. Chadraa The President of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences First International Conference on Environmental Engineering and Renewable Energy, Mongolia, 7-10 September 1998 AN ATTEMPT FOR ENVIRONMENTALLY FRIENDLY UTILIZATION OF OIL-SHALE IN MONGOLIA B. Avid*, B. Purevsuren*, J. Dugarjav* ^Institute chemistry and chemical technology, Mongolian Academy of Sciences, Mongolia e-mail: [email protected] Abstract Oil-shales from 8 deposits in the central economic region of Mongolia were characterized and carried out pyrolysis experiments on the basis of oil-shale samples. The oil-shale of Kh- 46-th ditch deposit was chosen as a best quality oil-shale with maxim yield of pitch (15 %) and determined a optimum condition of it's pyrolysis (heating temperature-550 C and rate of heating -137,0 C/min.). The yield of liquid fractions with different boiling temperature interval and hard residue of pitch were obtained by using an air-distillation. These liquid products can be used as a gasoline, diesel, oil materials and binding materials (bitumen like hard residue), after isolation of organic bases, acids and phenolic compounds from each fraction. 1 Introduction Mongolia is rich in oil-shale and it locates about 312 thousand sq. km. areas. Only 20 % of this area were investigated geologically and had done resource's evaluation. Until nowadays there are not any suggestions and project for any kind of utilization for this great resources in Mongolia. Therefore our purpose was to characterize and to investigate the possibility of utilization by pyrolysis. We have investigated samples of oil-shale from following deposits named: Ovdog khooloin gashuun /OHG/, Bayanerkhet /BE/, Chagtsaliin Khudag /CK/, Nariin gol /NG/, Ulaantolgoi /UT/, Khoot /Kh/, Zuun shavartin ovoo /ZS0/ and Beliin jas /BJ/ 2 Experimental Procedure The main technical specifications of oil-shale samples from above mentioned deposits were- determined by method described in [4]. Pyrolysis of oil-shale carried out in a laboratory retort at different temperature and rate of heating, /GOST 4168-66/. SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION 3